复合型裂纹应力场的研究及其应力强度因子的全息光弹性测定

本文应用复变函数解法,等出复合型中心裂纹板弹性应力场的精确解及主应力和与主应力差的精确表达式。通过与各自的奇异表达式比较,得到了主应力和与主应力差的远近场关系图谱。利用这些图谱以及全息光弹性试验所获得的远场等和线与等差线条纹,就能确定裂纹尖端的应力强度因子 K_Ⅰ,K_Ⅱ。实例表明:本法概念清晰、演算简便、精度较高。     

接触载荷条件下表面缺口尖端应力场的光弹性分析

应用光弹性方法研究了不同接触载荷下缺口尖端的应力场，对接触疲劳裂纹扩张机理进行了探讨。结果表明：１）缺口体尖端附近垂直于接触载荷方向的压应力大大低于光滑体的压应力σＹ值，两种条件下的沿外载方向的压应力σｚ的大小随层深的变化相差不大；２）缺口体的最大剪切应力τ１２和τ４５的最大值在表面，而光滑体的τ１２和τ４５的最大值在表层下；３）有摩擦力时各应力分量的值大于无摩擦时相应应力值；４）接触疲劳裂纹主要以Ⅱ型方式扩张，扩张方向和路径与表层下最大剪应力的包络线一致。     

光弹性方法中的地基模拟

当用光弹性模型研究土地基上的弹性结构的应力时,结构及模型材料的弹性模量(E_(ep),E_(em))和地基及模拟地基材料的弹性模量(E_p,E_m)应该满足E_(ep)/E_p=E_(em)/E_m。本文提供的地基模拟方法,在保持土的变形特点的情况下,E_m=1.54kg/cm~2(在115℃时)。首次使 E_(em)/E_m=123。     

Photoelastic Stress Analysis by Use of Hybrid Technique and Fringe Phase Shifting Method

0Introduction Photoelasticityisanopticalmeasurementmethodforstressanalysis.Itcanperformwhole field measurementduetotwo dimensionalsignalprocessingoflight.Alsoitcanperformnon contact measurementbecauseoftransmissionorreflectionoflightonaspecimen.Photoelast…     

Measurement of residual internal stresses in optical fiber preforms

A non-destructive experimental procedure is presented which enables the determination of residual thermal stresses in optical fiber preforms. The procedure is based on integrated photoelasticity. We carry out the measurement of the optical retardation using the traditional Sénarmont compensation method combined with a fringe shifting technique. The radial distribution of the axial stress is reconstructed using Abel transform. We have investigated two different refractive-index profiles, adopted in the realization of monomode and multimode optical fibers. It was shown that in both cases the results obtained experimentally and those analytically predicted by the Timoshenko elastic model were in good agreement. To obtain accurate experimental results, it was necessary to apply a correction procedure to take into account the fact that the trafectories of the light rays inside the preforms are not straight lines.     

确定应力强度因子的光弹性法与焦散线法

以光弹性法及焦散线法的基本原理为基础,对两种方法在确定应力强度因子方面进行了比较。发现对于纯I型裂纹问题,光弹性法的精度低于焦散线法的精度;对于I－Ⅱ混合型裂纹问题,就张开型应力强度因子而言,光弹性法的精度低于焦散线法的精度,而就滑移型应力强度因子而言,光弹性法的精度高于焦散线法的精度。     

反射光弹性条纹倍增法

本文提出一种简单实用的光弹性条纹倍增新方法.该方法只用普通光弹仪中的一个四分之一波片和一个起偏镜,通过光反射实现条纹倍增.     

Determination of resudual stress fields beneath a Vickers indentation using photoelasticity

Static Vickers indentation tests were performed on Homalite specimens with an intent to obtain the residual stress distribution beneath the indentation. The indented specimens were placed in a circular polariscope to view the fringe patterns corresponding to the induced residual stress. Similitude analysis was later employed to identify the functional relationship between the various parameters related to an indentation test. The analysis resulted in a unified relationship that can assist in the determination of residual stress in nontransparent materials subjected to similar geometric and loading conditions. The shear stress contours provided here can also be used as guidelines to verify constitutive models under complex three-dimensional loads.     

Noise removal in three-fringe photoelasticity by median filtering

In three-fringe photoelasticity, the total fringe order is obtained by comparing the colour of the unknown photoelastic fringe pattern with a calibration specimen. Comparison is conventionally done by minimising the colour difference error using the least square method. This can give the total fringe order from a single-colour isochromatic field. This technique, however, leads to misidentification of fringe order in some regions. Some researches have proposed boundary identification technique to remove this error. Whilst this ensures continuity of fringe order data over the domain, this does not provide accurate results for every region. A simpler method has been proposed in this paper using median filtering which can be easily undertaken using any standard image processing software. The method is demonstrated with the help of a simple example of disc under diametral compression.     

The influence of ambient illumination on colour adaptation in three fringe photoelasticity

In three fringe photoelasticity, a single colour isochromatic image is used to estimate the total fringe order by comparing the colour at each point with that of a calibration table. The generation of the calibration table is critical, and certain nuances involved therein are brought out in this paper. Ideally, the same specimen material and lighting conditions must be used for both the calibration and application experiments, which are often not possible in an industrial scenario, and colour adaptation is a simple way of suitably modifying the calibration table. Till date, only experimental analyses of the colour adaptation procedures are available in the literature; in this paper, the colour adaptation procedures are investigated from an analytical viewpoint. This study has brought out that a two-point colour adaptation scheme accounts not only for tint variation between the calibration and application specimens, but also for ambient illumination. This finding has also been experimentally verified for a benchmark problem, and thereafter extended for reflection photoelastic analyses.