CsB_3O_5晶体潮解机理及防潮研究

三硼酸铯(CsB3O5)晶体在Nd:YAG 1064 nm激光三倍频转换方面具有优良的性能,限制该晶体器件实用化的一个重要因素是其在空气中较易潮解.本文用化学侵蚀法研究了CsB3O5晶体的潮解取向,并从晶体结构上给予了解释:由于CsB3O5晶体的B-O骨架在(010)方向存在较大的通道,水分子较易沿(010)方向进入晶体而导致晶体潮解.采用了用光学增透膜结合疏水保护膜的方法防止CsB3O5晶体潮解的技术手段,使CBO晶体器件能够在常规环境中保存及使用.     

低能离子束诱导Ag表面纳米金字塔微结构

利用离子束溅射诱导实验方法,在单晶Si(100)基底上辅助沉积银膜,研究了低能Ar+离子束30°入射时,不同离子束能量和束流密度以及基底温度对Ag纳米结构的影响.结果表明:在较低基底温度下(32~100℃)辅助沉积银膜,膜层表面会呈现排列紧密、晶粒尺寸一致的金字塔状纳米结构.当温度升高时(32~200℃),纳米微结构横向尺寸λc迅速增加,而粗糙度先减小(32~100℃)后迅速增大(100~200℃);当离子束能量1 400eV、束流密度15~45μA/cm2时,在相同温度下,随着离子束束流密度的增大,纳米晶粒横向尺寸基本不变,粗糙度略有增加;当离子束流密度为15μA/cm2、能量1 000~1 800eV时,在相同温度下,随着离子束能量的增加,银纳米结构尺寸增加,而表面粗糙度先增加,然后缓慢减小.自组织纳米结构的转变是溅射粗糙化和表面驰豫机制相互作用的结果.     

气体火花开关电极烧蚀研究

采用Mo,WCu和W分别作为三种气体火花开关的主电极材料,进行放电条件下电极烧蚀实验,研究开关电极烧蚀率和烧蚀形貌,分析电极烧蚀特征。结果表明,Mo,WCu和W开关的主电极烧蚀率分别为3.32×10-2 C-1·m-2,2.63×10-2 C-1·m-2和1.74×10-2 C-1·m-2,W开关主电极烧蚀率最小。实验后开关的主电极中心烧蚀严重,呈现明显裂纹和烧蚀坑。Mo主电极表面呈现明显熔融态,阴极表面形成大量裂纹(宽度达10μm)和孔隙(孔径达10μm);WCu和W主电极表面形成少量圆球状W突起(粒径达20μm及以上)。开关外壳内壁沉积了喷溅颗粒。WCu开关外壳沉积颗粒较大(粒径达10μm),Mo开关外壳沉积颗粒居中(粒径为2μm),W开关外壳沉积颗粒最小(近1μm)。因此可优先选用具有优异抗烧蚀性能的W作为气体火花开关电极材料。     

Effects of Ce,Sm and Yb on cavitation erosion of NAB alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution

The influences of Ce, Sm and Yb on cavitation erosion of NAB alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution are evaluated using mass loss, SEM, 3D morphology and Tafel plot, respectively. The results show that the addition of Ce or Sm or Yb enhances the mechanical property of NAB alloy, and the sizes of κ_Ⅰ and κ_Ⅱ phases within NAB alloy decrease with adding Ce or Sm or Yb, resulting in the prevention of the propagation of the cracks caused by cavitation erosion initially originated at the phase boundaries between α and κ phases, and finally the cavitation erosion damage significantly decreases with adding Ce or Sm or Yb. The corrosion of NAB alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution can promote the cavitation erosion of NAB alloy, while the corrosion resistance of NAB alloy increases with the addition of Ce or Sm or Yb, and then the cavitation erosion resistance is accordingly improved with the addition of rare earth element.     

Predicting initial erosion during the hole erosion test by using turbulent flow CFD simulation

CFD simulation with enhanced modeling of turbulence and near-wall treatment is used to model water–clay mixtures flowing through a cylindrical pipe domain. Effects on the wall-shear stress resulting from varying water clay content and applied hydraulic gradient are analyzed. Various parametric studies were performed and had shown that the two-dimensional modelling introduced in the present study does not yield a uniform wall-shear stress along the pipe wall and that clay concentration affects significantly the wall-shear stress value. This is in contrast with the common hypothesis used in one-dimensional modeling approaches where this stress is assumed constant and which gives rise to uniform erosion along the pipe wall. The obtained results had enabled predicting more realistically erosion amount and had allowed for understanding the irregular eroded hole wall shape as observed experimentally after performing the standard hole erosion test.     

creditrisk~+模型在信贷组合信用风险度量中的应用研究

creditrisk~+模型以泊松分布为理论基础,是一种输入数据较少、计算复杂度较小、便于在银行实际中应用和推广的信贷组合信用风险度量模型.本文在分析国外creditrisk~+模型频带划分缺陷基础上,改用加权平均的频带划分方法,并提出了新的违约率参数的确定办法,利用creditrisk~+模型对大连市商业银行某支行224笔中小公司贷款的非预期损失进行了实证计算.结果发现:creditrisk~+模型可以有效地计量信贷组合的非预期损失且可提高我国商业银行经济资本管理效率.     

含气量对激光空泡在刚性壁面空蚀的影响

采用强脉冲激光器设计液体环境下刚性壁面空蚀实验平台,改变液体中含气量,利用高速相机观察不同含气量条件下激光空泡在壁面附近的脉动过程,并对刚性壁面造成的空蚀结果进行了观测。实验研究发现,随着液体中相对空气含量的提高,激光空泡脉动的最大尺寸增大,空泡的膨胀运动变剧烈,溃灭运动速度降低,空泡的溃灭强度降低,从而影响到溃灭冲击波和壁面微射流对刚性壁面的冲击速度,减弱了壁面空蚀,而液体中含气量的提高能够降低激光空泡对刚性壁面的空蚀程度。     

Rf‐GDOES analysis of composite metal/ceramic electroplated coatings with nano‐ to microceramic particles' size: issues in plasma sputtering of Ni/micro‐SiC coatings

Ni matrix composite coatings reinforced with nano‐ and microceramic particles were analyzed by radio frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (Rf‐GDOES). An interesting phenomenon related to the sputtering and excitation modes of this technique was observed. During plasma sputtering with Rf‐GDOES, the micro‐SiC particles were detached from metal matrix and did not contribute to the analytical signals. The same was not found in composite coatings containing nanoceramic particles. This anomalous behavior was confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigation and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations into Rf‐GDOES craters that showed the presence of residual non‐sputtered microparticles. Various attempts were done in order to minimize this problem, mainly by varying the analysis parameters of the used instrumentation, but without any relevant success. Some suggestions were then proposed for explaining the observed phenomenon, moreover possible solutions (e.g. by using a strong magnetic field or changing plasma gas to be more energetic) are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

人牙釉质的酸蚀行为研究

通过体外原位酸蚀试验,采用显微硬度仪、台阶仪、SEM和EDX等考察了在pH=3.20的柠檬酸溶液作用下,人牙釉质表面硬度、组织结构、化学组成等性能随酸蚀时间的变化关系,初步分析了牙釉质在柠檬酸溶液中的酸蚀过程和机制.结果表明,在柠檬酸溶液中腐蚀1 min后,牙釉质无明显酸蚀损伤;腐蚀3 min后,牙釉质表面硬度及Ca、P含量均明显降低,釉质表面旱现酸蚀损伤,腐蚀深度为0.236 μm;随酸蚀时间继续延长,牙釉质表面损伤进一步加剧.形貌分析显示:在腐蚀初期,人牙釉质内的釉柱先于相邻釉间质发生酸蚀剥落,而釉柱丧失会进一步加剧釉间质的酸蚀,两者互相促进,最终导致牙釉质表面发生实质性的硬组织丧失.     

锡镍合金电磁屏蔽织物研制与镀层性能研究

在化学镀铜的涤纶织物上于焦磷酸盐体系电沉积均匀致密的锡镍合金层.改变镀液的NiSO4.6H2O、SnCl2.2H2O浓度比可获得不同锡含量、不同色泽的锡镍合金镀层.盐雾实验表明,含锡量为68.96%的电磁屏蔽织物表现出较好的耐蚀性和抗变色性.且其导电性优异,柔软、透气性好,具有柔和的外观,对人体无致敏性,在电磁兼容领域和民用市场有广阔的应用前景.