随机连续杆纵向振动系统的频率可靠性分析

根据随机连续杆纵向振动系统的固有频率与激振频率差的绝对值不超过规定值的关系准则，定义了随机连续杆纵向振动系统的可靠性模式和系统的可靠度，提出了避免共振的频率可靠性分析方法，对随机连续系统共振问题的准失效分析方法进行了探索。     

三维气泡与自由表面相互作用的直接数值模拟

采用VOF中的PLIC界面重构方法数值模拟了三维气泡在液流中上升并与自由表面相互作用的运动.分别考察了不同初始高度,有无来流及有无再生气泡对气泡上升高度、上升速度、压力及与自由表面相互作用等的影响.结果表明:气泡初始位置越低,顶端上升的高度越大,自由面隆起的范围更广.越靠近自由表面,底部射流横向发展越窄,而向上的压力梯度,气泡上升速度,底部射流上升高度越大,反之则反;但如果底部射流均在接近自由表面以前已横向发展充分,则差别不大.气泡外形、上升高度、破裂时间以及上升速度与来流无关.产生再生气泡后,原生气泡与再生气泡相吸,相互加速对方的上升;自由表面抬升的高度增幅较大,范围拓宽,上升速度也大大增加,且再生气泡越多,自由表面隆起的范围越大.     

3D Dynamic analysis of soil–tool interaction using the finite element method

Previous experimental and finite element studies have shown the influence of both soil initial conditions and blade operating conditions on cutting forces. However, most of these finite element analyses (FEA) are limited to small blade displacements to reduce element distortion which can cause solution convergence problems. In this study a dynamic three-dimensional FEA of soil–tool interaction was carried out based on predefined failure surfaces to investigate the effect of cutting speed and angle on cutting forces over large blade displacements. Sandy soil was considered in this study and modeled using the hypoplastic constitutive model implemented in the commercial FEA package, ABAQUS. Results reveal the validity of the concept of predefined failure surfaces in simulating soil–tool interaction and the significant effect of cutting acceleration on cutting forces.     

时域边界元法分析撞水响应

基于势流理论，考虑流场的可压缩性，首先利用积分变换导得了势流问题的一个动力学倒易定理，在此基础上，进而求得问题对应的时空边界积分方程，然后通过对边界和时间轴同时离散，建立了一组有递推形式的时间边界元方程最后结合液面条件和物体运动方程耦全求解得到了刚体的撞水响应。     

Mechanical model of lung parenchyma as a two-phase porous medium

The anatomy and geometry of the lung at the micro- and macroscopic level have been described briefly. A notion of lung parenchyma — a macroscopically continuous medium whose mechanical properties result from those of microstructural components — has been adapted. Simplifying assumptions propounded in the constitutive model have been discussed. Two phases have been distinguished in the medium: the solid phase — a highly deformable, nonlinearly elastic skeleton in the form of a thin-walled tissue structure on the micro-scale — and the fluid phase — perfect gas (air) filterating through the structure. General constitutive relations for both phases and their mechanical interactions have ben formulated. Further, the fundamental set of differential equations of the quasi-static coupled problem has been developed. Large deformations, material nonlinearities, and dependence of permeability on skeleton deformation have been included. Matrix formulation of the problem has been presented from the point of view of the finite element method. An implicit iterative time integration scheme has been proposed. The algorithm has been illustrated with results of simple numerical tests.     

高超音速湍流分离表面热流率的脉动特性

本文给出高超音速湍流分离不稳定特性的实验研究结果。试验条件是:自由流马赫数为 7.8,单位长度雷诺数为 3.5×10~7/米。分离流场由有限展长前向台阶产生,并用有高空间分辨率和快速响应的一列平齐安装的铂膜电阻温度计和多通道系统测量其表面热流率脉动。信号的条件采样分析结果表明:分离激波的根部由一束压缩波构成,流向展长约二分之一来流边界层厚度,在边界层外汇聚成单一主激波。这种激波结构极其不稳定,出现大尺度运动,流向运动的尺度约为分离激波上游影响区域长度的22％。激波振荡频率为一宽频带,主要集中在 1～3 千赫。在分离激波运动区域,热流脉动呈间歇性,在无扰动和激波扰动间跳跃。可以认为这种间歇性是分离激波系统大尺度振荡的结果。在激波运动区域的下游为分离区,流体继续压缩,热流脉动无间歇。     

Viscous waves and wave-structure interaction in a tank using adapting quadtree grids

Viscous waves and waves over a submerged cylinder in a stationary tank are simulated using a volume-of-fluid numerical scheme on adaptive hierarchical grids. A high resolution interface-capturing method is used to advect the free surface interface and the Navier–Stokes equations are discretised using finite volumes with collocated primitive variables and solved using a Pressure Implicit with Splitting of Operators (PISO) algorithm. The cylinder is modelled by using the technique of Cartesian cut cells. Results of flow of a single fluid past a cylinder at Reynolds number Re=100 are presented and found to agree well with experimental and other numerical data. Viscous free surface waves in a tank are simulated using uniform and quadtree grids for Reynolds numbers in the range from 2 to 2000, and the results compared against analytical solutions where available. The quadtree-based results are of the same accuracy as those on the equivalent uniform grids, and retain a sharp interface at the free surface while leading to considerable savings in both storage and CPU requirements. The nonlinearity in the wave is investigated for a selection of initial wave amplitudes. A submerged cylinder is positioned in the tank and its influence on the waves as well as the hydrodynamic loading on the cylinder is investigated.     

单向悬挂屋盖结构的风致气弹耦合效应数值模拟

综合运用计算流体力学和计算结构力学技术,建立了适用于索膜结构流固耦合风振分析的CFD数值模拟方法,并编制了相应的有限元计算程序。应用该程序对具有不同参数的大跨度单向屋盖结构进行了风振响应分析,探讨了来流风速、屋面质量和初始预张力等参数对结构流固耦合特性的影响。研究表明,由于屋盖前缘周期脱落的大尺度旋涡是诱导结构振动的主要原因,随着大尺度旋涡沿屋面向下游移动,其动能逐渐转化为结构变形能,使结构振动形态呈现明显的涡激振动特征。屋面质量、来流风速和初始预张力是影响结构流固耦合性能的主要参数。对于索膜结构,仅通过刚性模型来确定结构风压并进行风振响应分析,其结果是不可靠的。     

A Novel Fluid Structure Interaction Experiment to Investigate Deformation of Structural Elements Subjected to Impulsive Loading

This paper presents a novel experimental methodology for the study of dynamic deformation of structures under underwater impulsive loading. The experimental setup simulates fluid–structure interactions (FSI) encountered in various applications of interest. To generate impulsive loading similar to blast, a specially designed flyer plate impact experiment was designed and implemented. The design is based on scaling analysis to achieve a laboratory scale apparatus that can capture essential features in the deformation and failure of large scale naval structures. In the FSI setup, a water chamber made of a steel tube is incorporated into a gas gun apparatus. A scaled structure is fixed at one end of the steel tube and a water piston seals the other end. A flyer plate impacts the water piston and produces an exponentially decaying pressure history in lieu of explosive detonation. The pressure induced by the flyer plate propagates and imposes an impulse to the structure (panel specimen), which response elicits bubble formation and water cavitations. Calibration experiments and numerical simulations proved the experimental setup to be functional. A 304 stainless steel monolithic plate was tested and analyzed to assess its dynamic deformation behavior under impulsive loading. The experimental diagnostic included measurements of flyer impact velocity, pressure wave history in the water, and full deformation fields by means of shadow moiré and high speed photography.     

柱壳在轴向冲击载荷作用下动态塑性屈曲的实验研究

圆柱壳的动态塑性屈曲问题的研究主要是集中在屈曲模态方面，至于屈曲的临介载荷与临介时时间则研究的较少，ＳＨＰＢ用于研究材料在高应变率下动态力学性能已为大家所熟悉，但用于研究结构的动态屈曲则未见报道，本文利用一装置对柱壳的动态塑性屈曲进行了实验研究，测出了壳体屈曲过程的载荷，轴向缩短量与时间的关系曲线，得到屈曲时的临介载荷与临介时间，同时发现壳体屈曲变形的一些规律并与静态实验的结果进行了比较，为理论分