平屋面结构风致响应的多参数对比试验

对大跨度平屋面气弹模型的风致响应特性进行了多参数对比的风洞试验研究。采用预张力索网结构体系设计制作了可调刚度的大跨度平屋盖结构的气弹模型,在大气边界层风洞中对来流风速、屋盖刚度和墙面开孔等参数的影响进行屋盖风致响应对比试验。试验研究结果表明,屋盖风致加速度响应随着来流风速或墙面开孔面积的增大而增大,随着屋盖刚度或墙面孔隙率的增大而减小,屋盖与内压的耦合效应对屋盖响应的影响较大。     

长单索结构的多参数流固耦合分析

介绍了长索结构在风场中的流固耦合振动,总结已有的流固耦合基本理论,着重介绍弱耦合问题的具体分析过程.以100m长索在不同拉索倾角和风向角的多参数流固耦合风振为例,应用ANSYS-CFX软件分别在层流模型和湍流模型风场中进行数值分析,得出与力学概念分析基本一致的结果.     

开孔结构屋盖风致响应的模态分析法

利用迭代算法推导了迎风面开孔结构屋盖风致响应的模态计算理论.在传统模态分析法的基础上考虑结构内压与屋盖的耦合作用,推出了模态空间不独立的频响函数矩阵来描述屋盖的风致响应特性,对一典型钢网架平屋盖风致位移响应和加速度响应在迎风面开孔影响下的变化进行了参数分析,并实施了气弹模型风洞试验对理论成果进行验证.研究结果表明,当开孔率足够大时考虑开孔后屋盖结构的风致响应会大幅增加,而随着来流风速的增加,屋盖风致响应的增幅与封闭式屋盖相比是减小的.     

薄膜结构流固耦合的CFD数值模拟研究

基于弱耦合分区求解策略,在CompaqVisualFortran6．5环境下搭建了薄膜结构三维流固耦合效应的CFD数值模拟平台。程序采用模块化编程思想,主要包含几何建模、流体分析、结构分析和数据交换四个模块。其中几何建模模块采用自行编制的膜结构找形分析程序,流体分析模块采用经过二次开发的计算流体力学软件FLUENT6．0,结构分析模块采用自行编制的膜结构动力分析程序MDLFX;在数据交换模块中,编制了基于薄板样条法的插值计算程序,以实现流固交界面上不同区域网格间的数据传递问题,编制了基于代数法和迭代法的动网格变形程序,以实现流固耦合运算中的动网格更新。基于该软件平台,对单向柔性屋盖和鞍形膜结构屋盖进行了流固耦合数值模拟,验证了方法的有效性。     

峡谷地形条件下导线流固耦合风振响应分析

架空输电导线在峡谷等复杂微地形条件下风振响应的研究方面,针对传统的单向风振响应分析方法因考虑边界条件较少存在误差,本文基于双向流固耦合理论,使用有限元仿真软件中的Design Modeling模块建立跨越峡谷线路模型,分别建立了导线在平地与峡谷中的计算域模型,分析了瞬态风场下平地和跨峡谷导线流固耦合振动特性,并与非流固耦合工况进行了对比,验证了考虑流固耦合效应的必要性。仿真结果表明:恒定风速下,与平地相比,峡谷对流体有明显的加速作用,流体受峡谷地形的影响会导致狭管区域产生上升气流,可使跨峡谷导线比同入流风速下的平地导线竖向振动幅值增大约74%。     

张拉膜结构的有限元分析

应用有限元程序ANSYS进行了薄膜结构的找形分析和荷载分析．张拉结构受力后将产生较大的位移，因此需要采用非线性理论．通过一系列计算，可以发现影响找形结果的因素有：单元的划分，初始弹性模量的选取，膜的预张力，边索和脊索的预张拉力值及其比值．在实际工程中，由于膜结构建筑要求和边界条件的限制，找到具有极小曲面性质的初始平衡形状较难，因此，一般把应力的差值控制在一定的范围内．工程实例计算结果表明：在风荷载作用下膜结构的竖向位移反应比较大，风吸力通常是索膜结构设计的控制因素．     

海洋柔性结构涡激振动的流固耦合机理和响应

对近几十年来国内外在涡激振动的基础研究包括机理认识和动响应分析等方面的进展进行了论述,尤其针对海洋油气平台中的立管、隔水管等细长柔性结构的涡激振动.描述了涡激振动这种典型的非线性流固耦合现象所具有的特征,包括自激、自限制、展向相关、尾迹水动力与结构动力的流固耦合等及其主要影响参数.介绍了目前常用的结构响应预测方法和相关实验.通过讨论当前理论研究和实际工程中的热点问题,诸如多模态宽带振动、浮体运动与水下立管的耦合、响应抑制措施、双向振动、高雷诺数下的大尺度物理实验等,对今后该领域的研究方向进行了力所能及的展望.     

海洋柔性结构涡激振动的流固耦合机理和响应

对近几十年来国内外在涡激振动的基础研究包括机理认识和动响应分析等方面的进展进行了论述,尤其针对海洋油气平台中的立管、隔水管等细长柔性结构的涡激振动.描述了涡激振动这种典型的非线性流固耦合现象所具有的特征,包括自激、自限制、展向相关、尾迹水动力与结构动力的流固耦合等及其主要影响参数.介绍了目前常用的结构响应预测方法和相关实验.通过讨论当前理论研究和实际工程中的热点问题,诸如多模态宽带振动、浮体运动与水下立管的耦合、响应抑制措施、双向振动、高雷诺数下的大尺度物理实验等,对今后该领域的研究方向进行了力所能及的展望.     

Fluid-solid coupling and dynamic response of vortex-induced vibration of slender ocean cylinders

对近几十年来国内外在涡激振动的基础研究包括机理认识和动响应分析等方面的进展进行了论述,尤其针对海洋油气平台中的立管、隔水管等细长柔性结构的涡激振动.描述了涡激振动这种典型的非线性流固耦合现象所具有的特征,包括自激、自限制、展向相关、尾迹水动力与结构动力的流固耦合等及其主要影响参数.介绍了目前常用的结构响应预测方法和相关实验.通过讨论当前理论研究和实际工程中的热点问题,诸如多模态宽带振动、浮体运动与水下立管的耦合、响应抑制措施、双向振动、高雷诺数下的大尺度物理实验等,对今后该领域的研究方向进行了力所能及的展望.     

风场中长单索结构流固耦合效应的动力学分析

本文介绍了长单索结构的风致振动现象及传统单索动力计算方法,分析了进行流固耦合计算的必要性.详细阐述了流固耦合的基本理论和方法,并介绍了有限元软件ANSYS的流固耦合计算流程.根据两种工况下的流固耦合算例分析,给出了长单索结构跨中节点的位移、应力以及索表面风压等物理量的时程曲线,通过对不同工况以及不同流场模型的模拟和分析比较,探讨了基于流固耦合分析的长单索结构风致振动响应的特点,对长单索结构的风致振动分析和设计具有参考意义.     

大型柔性航天器动力学与振动控制研究进展

随着航天重大工程的逐步实施,航天器正朝着超高速、超大尺度、多功能的方向发展,其面临的发射和运行环境也更加恶劣.航天器发射过程中的振动及其主/被动控制、在轨运行中大型柔性航天器动力学建模与动态响应分析、结构振动与飞行器姿态的混合控制等问题越来越复杂且难于处理;航天器结构的大型化和柔性化(如大阵面天线和太阳翼等)也对其地面试验和半实物仿真提出了挑战.本文着重介绍大型柔性航天器涉及到的动力学与振动控制问题,包括航天器发射过程中的整星隔振,大型柔性结构动力学建模与振动响应分析,大型柔性航天器的结构振动与姿轨控耦合动力学及其混合控制等.提炼出航天动力学与控制领域中亟待解决的若干基础科学问题,包括:多刚柔体系统动力学建模与模型降阶(涉及大变形柔性体动力学建模、多求解器合作仿真、模型降阶、组合结构动力学建模的解析方法等);复杂结构状态空间模型构建方法与能控性(涉及状态空间模型构建的理论与实验方法、复杂结构振动控制系统的能观性与能控性等);航天器姿态运动与大型柔性结构振动的混合控制律设计(涉及姿态机动与结构振动的鲁棒混合控制、执行机构与压电控制器的协同控制等).      

Wind-structure interaction simulations of ovalling vibrations in silo groups

During a storm in October 2002, wind-induced ovalling vibrations were observed on several empty silos of a closely spaced group of silos in the port of Antwerp (Belgium). In this paper, three-dimensional numerical simulations are used to investigate this complex case of wind-structure interaction. The computed amplitude of the ovalling vibrations of the silos is similar to that in the observations, indicating that the adopted modelling approach can be suitable for the analysis of new silo groups.Both one-way and two-way simulations are presented, for a single silo and for the silo group. In the one-way simulations, the wind pressure is applied on the structure, disregarding the structural displacements in the wind flow simulation. By contrast, the two-way simulations also take into account the effect of the structural motion on the wind flow. For a single silo, the one-way and two-way simulations yield similar results. Conversely, for a silo in the group, the ovalling vibrations are significantly larger in the two-way simulations than in the one-way simulations. Consequently, aeroelastic effects and/or interactions between the wake-induced excitation and the vibration are present in the silo group for the investigated case.Furthermore, it is shown that the aerodynamic loading and vibration amplitudes are considerably larger for silos in the group than for a single isolated silo.     

空间相关过滤白噪声激励下结构的随机振动离散分析方法

以随机振动的离散分析方法为基础,讨论了在空间相关过滤白噪声激励下结构的随机振动分析,给出了计算结构均值和均方响应的具体公式,并对一空间索网结构进行了风振响应计算。     

On the derivation of structural models with general thermomechanical prestress

The vibrating behaviour of thin structures is affected by prestress states. Hence, the effects of thermal prestress are important research subjects in view of ambient vibration monitoring of civil structures. The interaction between prestress, geometrically non-linear behaviour, as well as damping and its coupling with the aforementioned phenomena has to be taken into account for a comprehensive understanding of the structural behaviour. Since the literature on this subject lacks a clear procedure to derive models of thin prestressed and damped structures from 3D continuum mechanics, this paper presents a new derivation of models for thin structures accounting for generic prestress, moderate rotations and viscous damping. Although inspired by classical approaches, the proposed procedure is quite different, because of (i) the definition of a modified Hu–Washizu (H-W) functional, accounting for stress constraints associated with Lagrange multipliers, in order to derive lower-dimensional models in a convenient way; (ii) an original definition of a (mechanical and thermal) strain measure and a rotation measure enabling one to identify the main terms in the strain energy and to derive a cascade of lower-dimensional models (iii) a new definition of “strain–rotation domains” providing a clear interpretation of the classical assumptions of “small perturbations” and “small strains and moderate rotations”; (iv) the introduction of a pseudo-potential with stress constraints to account for viscous damping. The proposed procedure is applied to thin beams.     

Computation of wind-induced vibrations of flexible shells and membranous structures

A partitioned coupling approach for time-dependent fluid–structure interactions is applied to thin shells and membranous structures with large displacements. The frame algorithm connects a three-dimensional, finite volume-based multi-block flow solver for incompressible fluids with a finite element code for geometrically nonlinear structural problems using a commercial coupling interface. Thus a high modularity is achieved and the whole range of opportunities with these two powerful codes — each of them highly adapted to its specific field of application — can be used also for coupled simulations.Two completely different configurations were investigated. First, the coupling algorithm was applied to an academic test configuration consisting of one, two, and three flexible L-shaped plates being loaded by a steady far-field flow. Various investigations were carried out at different Reynolds numbers (Re=50,200, and 500) in order to study phenomena such as vortex shedding, resonance, influence of the interaction between several flexible plates, whereas the second and third plates were placed in the wake of the first.The second part of the paper shows that in principle the coupling procedure can also deal with real-life structures as they occur in civil engineering. A membranous roof of glass-fiber synthetics with a complex shape was exposed to a time-dependent wind gust from diagonally above which was superimposed on a constant basic wind flow parallel to the ground. The structural model contains the pre-stressed textile roof including the taut cables at its circumference which are fastened at the pylons. As a structural response, the wind gust led to a displacement of the textile roof which disappeared again when the gust subsided. With the coupled algorithm proposed in the paper it is possible to study dynamic interactions for engineering applications.     

人群行走激励的数值模拟及动力耦合作用研究

大跨轻柔结构需要考虑人群行走激励下的结构振动响应以及人体的舒适度.根据单步落足曲线,结合影响人群行走效应的因素如人群分布、行走频率及个体生理特征等,采用随机方法模拟人群行走激励.对不同的人群倍增因子计算方法进行了比较并提出改进建议.将人群等效为具有主体部分和耦合均布质量的时变动力模型,建立了梁板结构与移动人体相耦合的动...     

模态加速度法在屋盖结构风致响应分析中的应用

对大跨屋盖结构应用模态加速度法新的表达式改进风致响应计算。推导了结构风致响应分析的模态加速度方法。对一平顶屋盖刚体模型进行了风洞试验，考虑到随机风荷载的空间相关性，试验中利用同步测量的脉动风压和结构模态获得随时间变化的广义力。对屋盖均方根响应进行了讨论，说明了本文所提方法的有效性。