Effect of thermal undulations on the bending elasticity and spontaneous curvature of fluid membranes

We amplify previous arguments why mean curvature should be used as measure of integration in calculating the effective bending rigidity of fluid membranes subjected to a weak background curvature. The stiffening of the membrane by its fluctuations, recently derived for spherical shapes, is recovered for cylindrical curvature. Employing curvilinear coordinates, we then discuss stiffening for arbitrary shapes, confirm that the elastic modulus of Gaussian curvature is not renormalized in the presence of fluctuations, and show for the first time that any spontaneous curvature also remains unchanged. Received 19 April 1999 and in Received in final form 7 January 2000     

A stability criterion for financial markets

Using the theory of random cluster models, we give a stability criterion for financial markets with random communications between agents. Received 25 September 1999 and Received in final form 2 October 1999     

丙烯酰胺-二氰二胺大单体及其与苯乙烯共聚物的研究(Ⅱ)——共聚物与甲基橙及其同系物的相互作用

用平衡渗析法研究了主链含疏水基、侧链含亲水基的接枝共聚物P-M-St和二氰二胺同甲醛、氧化铵的缩合物D-F与甲基橙MO及乙基橙EO,橙黄ⅣO-Ⅳ相互作用的热力学.由Klotz方程求得键合常数K₁和△G、△H和△S.D-F与P-M-St相比,其与MO的键合作用较弱.P-M-St与染料的键合程度:O-Ⅳ>EO>MO.脲或甲醇能削弱高聚物与染料的相互作用.     

Kinetics of shape equilibration for two dimensional islands

We study the relaxation to equilibrium of two dimensional islands containing up to 20 000 atoms by Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. We find that the commonly assumed relaxation mechanism - curvature-driven relaxation via atom diffusion - cannot explain the results obtained at low temperatures, where the island edges consist in large facets. Specifically, our simulations show that the exponent characterizing the dependence of the equilibration time on the island size is different at high and low temperatures, in contradiction with the above cited assumptions. Instead, we propose that - at low temperatures - the relaxation is limited by the nucleation of new atomic rows on the large facets: this allows us to explain both the activation energy and the island size dependence of the equilibration time. Received 7 December 1998 and Received in final form 18 March 1999     

Microscopic membrane elasticity and interactions among membrane inclusions: interplay between the shape, dilation, tilt and tilt-difference modes

A phenomenological Landau elasticity for the shape, dilation, and lipid-tilt of bilayer membranes is developed. The shape mode couples with the sum of the monolayers' tilt, while the dilation mode couples with the difference of the monolayers' tilts. Interactions among membrane inclusions within regular arrays are discussed. Inclusions modifying the membrane thickness and/or inducing a tilt-difference due to their convex or concave shape yield a dilation-induced attraction and a tilt-difference-induced repulsion. The resulting interaction can stabilize 2D crystal phases, with the possible coexistence of different lattice spacings when the dilation-tilt-difference coupling is large. Inclusions favoring crystals are those with either a long-convex or a short-concave hydrophobic core. Inclusions inducing a local membrane curvature due to their conical shape repel one another. At short inclusions separations, a tilt comparable with the inclusion's cone angle develops: it relaxes the membrane curvature and reduces the repulsion. At large separations the tilt vanishes, whatever the value of the shape-tilt coupling. Received 23 October 1998 and Received in final form 12 January 1999     

高氯酸介质中2—羟基—4—仲辛基—二苯甲酮肟萃取钯热力学的研究

２－羟基－４－仲辛基－二苯甲酮肟（Ｎ５３０）曾用于金属钴、镍的分离［１］。但对其萃钯热力学研究尚未见报道。为此本文对Ｎ５３０在高氯酸介质中萃取钯的热力学进行了研究,测定了该萃取反应的表观平衡常数和热力学函数。１实验部分１．１试剂与溶液Ｎ５３０由中国科...     

氯参与的化学气相淀积金刚石的热力学分析

用非平衡热力学耦合模型研究了金刚石在CHCl体系中的生长,计算所得CHCl体系的金刚石生长的相图与大量实验结果符合良好.通过热力学分析讨论了氯的添加对提高金刚石薄膜生长速率及其质量的影响以及降低淀积温度的作用.     

Tilting at Windmills? The Second Law Survives

The foundations of science might have been shaken by the “molecular ratchet” 1 . Designed to rotate preferentially in one direction it could, if successful, have threatened the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Sadly, but predictably, the Second Law was equal to the test.     

Untersuchungen zum System SmOCl/SeO2

Investigations on the System SmOCl/SeO₂ The existence of three ternary phases SmSeO₃Cl, SmSe₂₋O₅Cl, and SmSe₃O₇Cl is shown on the quasibinary line SmOClSeO₂. The phase barogram and the phase diagram are determined by total pressure measurements and DTA, respectively. SmSe₃O₇Cl melts peritectical at 340 ± 10 °C, SmSe₂O₅Cl melts peritectical at 560 ± 10 °C while SmSeO₃Cl shows no thermal effects up to 900 °C The data of enthalpies and entropies of the phases are evaluated from the total pressure measurements (Data see „Inhaltsübersicht”︁)     

Principle of Unattainability of absolute zero temperature,the Third Law of Thermodynamics,and projective quantum measurements

The Principle of Unattainability rules out the attainment of absolute zero temperature by any finite physical means, no matter how idealised they could be. Nevertheless, we clarify that the Third Law of Thermodynamics, as defined by Nernst's heat theorem statement, is distinct from the Principle of Unattainability in the sense that the Third Law is mathematically equivalent only to the unattainability of absolute zero temperature by quasi-static adiabatic processes. This, on the one hand, leaves open the possibility of attainability of absolute zero by non-adiabatic means, without violating the Third Law. On the other hand, we point out some apparent incompatibility between the Postulate of Projective Measurement in quantum mechanics and the Principle of Unattainability in that projective measurements of energy could result in zero temperature.