Highly N/O co-doped ultramicroporous carbons derived from nonporous metal-organic framework for high performance supercapacitors

A new nonporous Zn-based metal-organic framework (NPMOF) synthesized from a high nitrogen-containing rigid ligand was converted into porous carbon materials by direct carbonization without adding additional carbon sources. A series of NPMOF-derived porous carbons with very high N/O contents (24.1% for NPMOF-700, 20.2% for NPMOF-800, 15.1% for NPMOF-900) were prepared by adjusting the pyrolysis temperatures. The NPMOF-800 fabricated electrode exhibits a high capacitance of 220 F/g and extremely large surface area normalized capacitance of 57.7 μF/cm² compared to other reported MOF-derived porous carbon electrodes, which could be attributed to the abundant ultramicroporosity and high N/O co-doping. More importantly, symmetric supercapacitor assembled with the MOF-derived carbon manifests prominent stability, i.e., 99.1% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 1.0 A/g. This simple preparation of MOF-derived porous carbon materials not only finds an application direction for a variety of porous or even nonporous MOFs, but also opens a way for the production of porous carbon materials for superior energy storage.     

Nanoporous silicon flakes as anode active material for lithium-ion batteries

Nanoporous-silicon (np-Si) flakes were prepared using a combination of an electrochemical etching process and an ultra-sonication treatment and the electrochemical properties were studied as an anode active material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This fabrication method is a simple, reproducible, and cost effective way to make high-performance Si-based anode active materials in LIBs. The anode based on np-Si flakes exhibited a higher performances (lower capacity fade rate, stability and excellent rate capability at high C-rate) than the anode based on Si nanowires. The excellent performance of the np-Si flake anode was attributed to the hollowness (nanoporous structure) of the anode active material, which allowed it to accommodate a large volume change during cycling.     

Selective separation of lambdacyhalothrin by porous/magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers prepared by Pickering emulsion polymerization

Porous/magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (PM‐MIPs) were prepared by Pickering emulsion polymerization. The reaction was carried out in an oil/water emulsion using magnetic halloysite nanotubes as the stabilizer instead of a toxic surfactant. In the oil phase, the imprinting process was conducted by radical polymerization of functional and cross‐linked monomers, and porogen chloroform generated steam under the high reaction temperature, which resulted in some pores decorated with easily accessible molecular binding sites within the as‐made PM‐MIPs. The characterization demonstrated that the PM‐MIPs were porous and magnetic inorganic–polymer composite microparticles with magnetic sensitivity (M_s = 0.7448 emu/g), thermal stability (below 473 K) and magnetic stability (over the pH range of 2.0–8.0). The PM‐MIPs were used as a sorbent for the selective binding of lambdacyhalothrin (LC) and rapidly separated under an external magnetic field. The Freundlich isotherm model gave a good fit to the experimental data. The adsorption kinetics of the PM‐MIPs was well described by pseudo‐second‐order kinetics, indicating that the chemical process could be the rate‐limiting step in the adsorption of LC. The selective recognition experiments exhibited the outstanding selective adsorption effect of the PM‐MIPs for target LC. Moreover, the PM‐MIPs regeneration without significant loss in adsorption capacity was demonstrated by at least four repeated cycles.     

TiO2 Thin Film with Varied Porous Structure Applied on the Degradation of Methylene Blue

In this study, porous TiO₂ thin films were prepared by the sol‐gel method employing polyethylene glycol 1000 (PEG 1000) as an organic template. Pore sizes were adjusted by varying the concentration of PEG 1000. The optimal PEG concentration range required to form TiO₂ films with a regular porous structure was investigated and was found to be 0.01–0.015 M. As the PEG 1000 concentration increased, the surface of these films became rougher because of larger pores. Degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation was used to determine the photocatalytic activity of the films. In addition, the effect of the pH value of the MB solution on the films was evaluated by controlling its pH value at 5, 7, and 9. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity was correlated to the pore size and pore density of the thin films. TiO2 thin films possessing pore sizes in the diameter range of 35–85 nm exhibited the best conversion of 98% after 8 h of UV irradiation when the pH value was 7.     

一种基于二氢吩嗪的三维共价有机框架的合成、 结构与表征

二氢吩嗪衍生物由于其独特的氧化还原活性而备受关注. 本文先设计合成了一种含有二氢吩嗪基团的单体5,10-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-5,10-二氢吩嗪(M1), 再采用溶剂热法, 通过亚胺缩合反应制备了一种新型三维共价有机框架(3D COF, 3D-PN-2). 通过粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)、 氮气吸附-脱附、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和固体碳核磁共振波谱(¹³C CP/MAS NMR)等表征方法, 并结合理论模拟对其结构信息进行了研究, 得出3D-PN-2是具有十一重穿插金刚石(dia)拓扑结构的3D COF. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其形貌进行了表征. 稳定性研究结果表明, 3D-PN-2具有较好的热稳定性和化学稳定性. 通过固体紫外-可见漫反射光谱研究了3D-PN-2的光吸收性能, 结果表明, 其在紫外和可见光区具有较宽的吸收范围(吸收边为 630 nm), 且具有较窄的能带间隙(2.11 eV). 通过循环伏安法研究了其氧化还原性能, 并计算得出其最高占有轨道能级(E_HOMO)为-4.50 eV, 最低空轨道能级(E_LUMO)为-2.39 eV.     

A hybrid nanofluid analysis near a parabolic stretched surface

Two dimensional incompressible steady viscous nano-fluid flow with the impacts of heat generation and porous medium is examined numerically. For this objective Ti₆Al₄v are taken as nano-particles dispersed in different base fluids such as methanol, engine oil and water. Basically in this study we will compare three different nano-fluids to assess their flow behaviour and thermal performance. The flow model is developed under certain assumptions. The two dimensional non-linear PDEs are converted into non-linear ODEs with suitable transformation. The numerical procedure is adopted to find the results by using Bvp4c technique in MATLAB. Moreover, graphs are generated for various parameters against the temperature and velocity profiles. The fluid behaviour for different parameter is examined on velocity and temperature profile. It is depicted that for high values of volume fraction and curvature parameter nano-particles leads to high velocity and temperature profile. Moreover, velocity profile decreases for permeability parameter, while temperature profile enhances for heat generation parameter. The influence of Nusselt number and skin friction also assessed. The model of entropy generation is also presented.     

Thermal radiation impact on magneto-hydrodynamic heat transfer micropolar fluid flow over a vertical moving porous plate: A finite difference approach

For this research, an examination on the magnetohydrodynamic flow of a micropolar fluid across a moving vertical porous plate for the presence of thermal radiation is achieved. It is necessary to translate the partial differential equations regulating the flow, heat, & mass transfer into dimensionless form employing proper non-dimensional variables, which are then cracked numerically by utilizing the Finite difference approach. Graphs are used to represent numerical values of various flow profiles; however, tables are used to represent the simulated values of rate coefficients. The velocity rises when the value of Grashof number, dimensionless viscosity ratio is raised, and the opposite effect is seen when the value of magnetic parameter, micro-gyration factor is raised. The result in skin friction coefficient improves when the values of magnetic parameter, micro-gyration factor, Prandtl number, and radiation are raised higher.     

机械球磨制备三苯胺基PAF-106s及C2烃吸附性质

以三苯胺为单体, 无水三氯化铁为催化剂, 二甲醇缩甲醛为外交联剂, 通过机械球磨不同比例的三苯胺、 三氯化铁和二甲醇缩甲醛, 合成了PAF-106s(PAF-106a~PAF-106c, PAF: porous aromatic framework). 红外光谱、 元素分析、 X射线光电子能谱和固体核磁共振波谱等表征结果证明发生了聚合反应. 氮气吸附结果表明, 三苯胺、 三氯化铁和二甲醇缩甲醛的比例影响PAF-106s的多孔性能. 三氯化铁和三苯胺摩尔比从3∶1增加到12∶1时, PAF-106c的BET比表面积从PAF-106a的135 m²/g增加到280 m²/g. 引入二甲醇缩甲醛后, PAF- 106d~PAF-106g的BET比表面积随三氯化铁和二甲醇缩甲醛摩尔比的增加而逐渐降低. 在273和298 K下, 测试了PAF-106c的C2烃吸附性能, 并采用理想吸附溶液理论计算了C₂H₂/C₂H₄和C₂H₆/C₂H₄分离比.     

Development of the Self-doping Porous Carbon and Its Application in Supercapacitor Electrode

The massive discharge of biomass wastes not only causes waste of resources, but also pollutes the environment. Therefore, converting biomass wastes into carbon materials is an effective way to solve the above problems. Here, using biomass waste pig nails as raw materials and K₂CO₃ as chemical activators, the N-doped porous carbon(KPNC) is prepared by direct pyrolysis. As an electrode for supercapacitors, the electrochemical tests of KPNCs showed that they exhibited good electrochemical performance and excellent cycling stability. When the current density is 0.2 A/g, the specific capacitance is up to 344.6 F/g. Moreover, it still maintains 97.6% initial capacitance retention after 2000 cycles at a high current density of 5 A/g. Above exceptional electrochemical performances may be ascribed to an appropriate porous structure(S_micro/S_total=80.31%, V_micro/V_total=76.19%), high nitrogen contents(4.44%, atomic fraction), oxygen contents(9.13%, atomic fraction) as well as small internal resistance. The above experimental results show that the conversion of pig nails to porous carbon can reduce the waste of resources and alleviate environmental pollution.