Surface modification of PBO fibers with 2,2-Bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane in supercritical carbon dioxide for enhancing interfacial strength

PBO fiber is one of the most promising reinforcements in resin matrix composite because of its excellent mechanical properties. However, the inert and smooth surfaces make it the poor interface adhesion with resin matrix, which seriously limits the application in composites. In this article, we report a method to modify the surface of PBO fibers with 2,2-Bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane（BisAPAF）in supercritical CO₂ to enhance interfacial properties. Chemical structures, surface elemental composition and functional groups, and surface morphology were characterized by FT-IR spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The mechanical properties of the samples were tested by a tensile tester. Static contact angle and microdebonding tests were used to characterize the wetting ability and interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the fiber and epoxy resin. The results showed that the BisAPAF could be solved in scCO₂ and introduced more groups, –NH₂, –OH, and –CF₃ on the fiber surface, resulting in the mechanical properties and the wettability of PBO fiber slightly improved. Moreover, the fiber surface roughness was also increased obviously. The IFSS between the modified PBO fiber and epoxy resin increased from 8.18 MPa to 31.4 MPa when the treating pressure was 14 MPa. In general, the method to modify PBO fibers surface using BisAPAF in scCO₂ can effectively improve their interfacial properties.     

Interfacial behavior of plant proteins — novel sources and extraction methods

Understanding the air-water and oil-water interfacial behavior of plant proteins is crucial for developing stable emulsions and foams in food systems. Plant crops are often processed into protein extracts with high purity, which primarily consist of globulins. These globulins are often unable to form stiff interfacial layers owing to their compact and highly aggregated state and have inferior functionality compared with animal-derived proteins from milk or eggs. Much of the current focus is on modifying these proteins, whereas better interface stabilizing functionality can also be obtained by choosing more targeted protein extraction methods. This review will highlight the benefits and drawbacks of current and novel protein sources and protein extraction methods with respect to interfacial properties.     

Kinetic study on solute permeation at the interface of molecular aggregates by partial filling capillary electrophoresis

Moment analysis method using partial filling CE was developed for the kinetic study on solute permeation at the interface of spherical molecular aggregates. Moment equations for partial filling CE were developed by classifying CE systems into five categories according to the migration velocities of solute and molecular aggregate. The method was applied to the study on the dissolution of electrically neutral solutes into SDS micelles. Elution peaks were measured by partial filling CE while changing the concentration of SDS and the filling ratio of SDS micellar zone to the capillary (ϕ_M). Partition equilibrium constants (K_p) and rate constants of interfacial solute permeation of SDS micelles (k_in and k_out) were determined from the first absolute and second central moments of the elution peaks by using the moment equations. Their values were comparable irrespective of ϕ_M and were almost the same as those previously measured by complete filling CE. The positive correlation of K_p with the hydrophobicity of the solutes was explained in terms of the change in k_in and k_out. It was demonstrated that the moment analysis method using partial filling CE is effective for studying solute permeation kinetics at the interface of spherical molecular aggregates.     

柔性电子学中的表界面化学

柔性电子作为新兴的研究热点, 涉及材料、 化学、 物理等多个基础学科的交叉, 以及在生物医用、 可穿戴设备及人工智能等多个领域的应用. 柔性电子设备的制造加工过程中会用到弹性基底、 导电层、 功能层等多种性质各异的材料, 其互相之间的整合受到它们表面性质和界面结合力的限制; 器件的功能、 可靠性、 对环境的敏感性等也受到了器件表界面性质的影响; 因此, 对材料和器件表界面的处理在柔性电子学中具有重要作用. 本文对柔性电子学中常用的表界面化学过程分为3大类进行介绍: 表面电化学过程, 基于特定化合物反应产生的电流制备电化学传感器, 利用电流/电压控制表面负载化合物; 表面修饰, 通过表面改性提高材料的加工性能, 共价修饰分子层或其它材料赋予器件特殊功能性质或保护层; 不同材料之间的界面连接, 通过共价连接或化学反应辅助的物理交联实现不同材料的结合, 提高柔性器件的稳定性, 实现柔性设备的整合. 对各应用进行总结和举例后, 讨论了存在的问题, 并对未来的发展方向及前景进行了展望.     

过渡金属电催化剂在硅基光阳极分解水产氧中的作用

光电化学分解水可将太阳能转换为绿色的氢能,为目前的能源危机和环境问题提供了一种理想的解决方案.在分解水反应中,涉及四空穴过程的产氧半反应是制约性能的关键步骤,往往需要在半导体表面沉积电催化剂以加速产氧反应动力学.因此,全面理解电催化剂在光电化学分解水体系中的作用至关重要.在目前的产氧电催化剂中,过渡金属羟基氧化物电催化剂(MOOH,M=Fe,Co,Ni)因其环保、廉价、高效以及稳定的特性,已被广泛用于半导体光阳极分解水器件中.而且,MOOH可用简单的电沉积方法沉积在光电极表面,易于大面积制备.然而,电沉积法制备的MOOH具有复杂的结构,对其作用机制的全面理解更加困难.因此,本文以电沉积MOOH修饰的硅基光阳极(n⁺p-Si/SiO_x/Fe/FeOx/MOOH)作为模型,研究了不同电催化剂对硅光阳极光电化学产氧性能的影响.实验发现电催化剂的界面优化在电催化剂修饰的光电极中发挥着重要作用,这是因为优化的界面可以提升界面电荷传输,提供更多的催化反应活性位点以及更高的本征催化活性,从而更有利于光解水性能的提升.该项研究揭示了电催化剂在光解水器件中的作用,并为今后高效光解水器件的设计提供了一定指导.首先在多晶n⁺p-Si基底上热蒸镀了一层30 nm的金属Fe膜,并通过电化学活化将Fe膜表面转换为FeOx得到Fe/FeOx(记作aFe)界面层,然后利用电沉积方法制备MOOH表面修饰层,最终得到n⁺p-Si/SiO_x/aFe:MOOH光阳极.X射线光电子能谱、拉曼光谱以及扫描电子显微镜表面元素成像的表征结果均证实电极表面由于界面层金属Fe元素的掺杂而形成了Fe1-xNixOOH.在模拟太阳光下用于光解水产氧时,n⁺p-Si/SiO_x/aFe:NiOOH电极的起始电位为~1.01 VRHE(相对于可逆氢电极的电势),在1.23 VRHE下的光电流为38.82 mA cm^-2,显著优于n⁺p-Si/SiO_x/aFe、n⁺p-Si/SiO_x/aFe:FeOOH以及n⁺p-Si/SiO_x/aFe:CoOOH三个对比样品,且其稳定性达到75 h.另外,我们发现n⁺p-Si/SiO_x/aFe:MOOH电极的光电化学产氧性能均显著高于n⁺p-Si/SiO_x/aFe电极,且p++-Si/SiO_x/aFe:MOOH的电催化产氧性能也高于p++-Si/SiO_x/MOOH,不仅证明了aFe界面层对Si与MOOH层之间的界面接触作用的有效调控,而且表明双电催化剂体系(aFe:MOOH)的电催化产氧活性高于单电催化剂(MOOH).热力学分析表明,n⁺p-Si/SiO_x/aFe:MOOH光阳极的光电压大小与其光解水产氧性能并不一致,从而排除了热力学因素对性能的关键影响.进一步从塔菲尔斜率、电化学活性表面积和电化学阻抗谱对各电极的动力学进行了分析,证明了动力学因素在上述光阳极产氧性能中的主导作用.同时发现,由于aFe:NiOOH双电催化剂具有更高的本征电催化产氧性能,提供了更多的表面活性位点以及更有效地促进了光生载流子的传输,对动力学的提升效果更显著,从而使n⁺p-Si/SiO_x/aFe:NiOOH光阳极表现出最高的光解水产氧性能.     

水溶液法原位构建ZnO亲锂层稳定锂-石榴石电解质界面

固态电池以其高安全性和高能量密度而备受关注。石榴石型固体电解质(LLZO)由于具有较高的离子导电性和对锂金属的稳定性,在固态电池中具有应用前景,但陶瓷与锂金属较差的界面接触会导致高的界面阻抗和可能形成的枝晶穿透。我们利用LLZO表层独特的H⁺/Li⁺交换反应,提出了一种简便有效的金属盐类水溶液诱发策略,在电解质表面原位构建ZnO亲锂层,界面处LiZn合金化实现紧密连续的接触。引入改性层后,界面阻抗可显著降低至约10Ω·cm²,对称电池能够在0.1mA·cm^-2的电流密度下实现长达1000h的长循环稳定性。匹配正极LiFePO₄(LFP)或LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂(NCM523)的准固态电池在室温下能够稳定循环100次以上。     

锂金属电池用高浓度电解液体系研究进展

锂金属二次电池具有极高的能量密度,是下一代储能电池的研究热点。然而,金属锂负极在传统碳酸酯电解液1 mol·L^?1 LiPF6-EC/DEC(ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate)中充放电时,存在严重的枝晶生长和循环效率低下等问题,阻碍了其商业化应用。因此,开发与锂负极兼容的新型电解液体系是目前重要的研究任务。与传统稀溶液相比,高浓度电解液体系具有独有的物化性质和优异的界面相容性,并且能有效抑制锂枝晶生长、显著提升锂负极的循环可逆性,因而格外受到关注。本文综述了高浓度电解液及局部高浓电解液体系的最新研究进展,分析了其溶液化学结构和物化性质,对其与锂负极的界面相容性、枝晶抑制效果、效率提升能力及界面稳定性机制进行了探讨;文章着重介绍了高浓与局部高浓电解液体系在锂金属二次电池中的应用,同时从基础科学研究和应用研究两个层面对高浓电解液和局部高浓电解液存在的主要问题进行了简要分析,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。     

Swift heavy ion induced capacitance and dielectric properties of Ni/n-GaAs Schottky diode

The in-situ capacitance and dielectric properties of 25 MeV C⁴⁺ ion irradiated Ni/n-GaAs Schottky barrier diode (SBD) were studied at 100 kHz in the fluence range 5 × 10¹⁰ – 5 × 10¹³ ions/cm². The investigation shows reduction in capacitance and charge density with increase in ion fluence. Consequent changes were observed in other related parameters like conductance, dielectric constant, dielectric loss, loss tangent and electrical modulus. The results were interpreted in terms of generation of swift heavy ion induced acceptor trap states by electronic energy loss mechanism. Besides, the switch over characteristics of depletion to inversion regions in the CV plot reveals minority carrier recombination centers also. The dispersion and relaxation peaks observed in bias dependent dielectric plots were ascribed to the polarization and relaxation mechanism due to the interfacial trap states. The traps and recombination centers were found to alter the barrier characteristics of the fabricated SBD depending upon the ion fluence.     

Synthesis of two A-B-C type conjugated amphiphilic triblock fullerene derivatives and their application in organic solar cells

Two A-B-C type conjugated amphiphilic triblock fullerene derivatives C60-2 HMTPB and C60-2 EHTPB were obtained in multi steps synthesis with three different blocks,and the amphiphilic diblock molecular C60-4 TPB was also preferred as a reference.When as modifying layer on zinc oxide(ZnO),the three fullerene derivatives can all reduce the work function of ZnO via modulation of the interfacial dipoles and lead a better electrical coupling.As introducing treatment of toluene,the obvious self-assembly of fullerene derivatives were observed,which were supported by X-ray diffraction and contact angle of water measurement.Base on PTB7-Th:PC71 BM system,the inverted organic solar cells devices with structure of ITO/ZnO/fullerene derivatives/PTB7-Th:PC71BM/Mo03/Al got power conversion efficiencies of 8.62%,8.83%and 9.00%for C60-4 TPB,C60-2 HMTPB and C60-2 EHTPB,respectively,compared 8.13%of devices with bare ZnO.The result of conjugated amphiphilic triblock fullerene derivatives provides a straightforward approaching by simultaneously modulating the morphology and interfacial work function of ZnO,which can also lead high performance in optoelectronic devices.