氯化聚丙烯乳液的研究进展

氯化聚丙烯乳液是水基聚烯烃专用涂料的重要组成部分。本文综述了它的组成及其制备方法，并对其前景进行了展望。     

Formation and morphology of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)/polyolefin and CAB/polyester in situ microfibrillar and lamellar hybrid blends

Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)/iPP (isotactic polypropylene), CAB/HDPE (high density polyethylene), CAB/PET (poly ethylene terephthalate), CAB/PTT (poly trimethylene terephthalate), CAB/PBT (poly butylenes terephthalate) and CAB/IPET-PEG (poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-isophthalate)-poly(ethylene glycol)) in situ microfibrillar and lamellar hybrid blends at a weight ratio of 80/20 were prepared by melt extrusion. Microfibrillar and lamellar hybrid morphologies of CAB/polyolefin and CAB/polyester blends under different force fields were investigated. The formation process of in situ microfibrillar and lamellar hybrid blends were analyzed and proposed.     

Effect of the Work Expended on Mixing and Extrusion on the Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer Compounds

The effect of the processing parameters of thermoplastic elastomer compounds on their properties is studied. The compounds consist of ethylene-propylene rubber and high- or low-density polyethylene (HDPE or LDPE) mixed with extenders in equal amounts. The variations in the degree of crystallinity under different mixing modes are examined by means of differential scanning calorimetry. The variations in the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of polymeric constituents of the compounds are estimated based on the results of rheological tests. An increase in the mixing and extrusion rates affects, up to certain limits, the mechanical properties positively. The optimum preparation modes for HDPE- and LDPE-based compounds are different. A noticeable mechanical destruction of HDPE-based compounds, estimated from the MWD parameters, occurs when the work of mixing exceeds 3.4 kJ/g and is accompanied by cross-linking. Up to 7.1 kJ/g, the work of mixing improves the properties of LDPE-based compounds. The extrusion effects do not smooth out the mixing effects — both these effects add up.     

粘土/聚烯烃纳米复合材料研究进展

原位聚合;插层复合;粘土/聚烯烃纳米复合材料研究进展     

NMR Characterization of Ethylene/Propylene Copolymers and Propylene Impact Copolymers from MgCl2/TiCl4/ID+AlR3/ED Catalytic Systems

Summary: The aim of this work was to study the comonomer distribution and the chemical composition distribution generated by different Ziegler-Natta (ZN) systems (different internal donors, ID, dicyclopentadienyl-dimethoxy silane, D donor, as the external donor) and to define the potentialities of different IDs to produce improved heterophasic copolymers (HECO). A methodology to quantify the amount of ethylene-propylene copolymer (EP) portion in ZN-HECO and ethylene content of the EP portion by ¹³C-NMR was established. By using this method, it was possible to analyze the composition of ZN-HECO obtaining results comparable to those obtained with a more complex fractionation technique.     

自负载吡啶双亚胺酸酯钒(Ⅲ)催化剂的合成及催化乙烯聚合

合成了一系列自负载吡啶双亚胺酸酯钒(Ⅲ)催化剂(V(Ⅲ)),并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、元素分析及核磁共振波谱仪(NMR)等技术手段对配合物进行了表征。 在倍半乙基氯化铝(EASC)活化下,V(Ⅲ)催化剂对乙烯聚合表现出很高的催化活性(7.2~12.1 g/(mol·h·Pa)),且自负载基团的链长对催化剂的活性及所得聚合物的性质影响较小。 同时,该类V催化剂催化乙烯与1-己烯共聚合性能良好,得到高相对分子质量(高达68.1×10³)的聚合物。 所得聚合物经扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征,其微观结构为片层叠加结构。     

结构明确聚烯烃接枝共聚物:合成、结构与性能

实现聚烯烃功能化是制备高性能聚烯烃材料、拓展聚烯烃应用的重要手段,几十年来得到了学术界及工业界的广泛关注。聚烯烃接枝共聚物作为一类重要的功能化聚烯烃,包含聚烯烃链段（PE、PP等）及功能化聚合物链段（PS、PMMA、PEG等）,因而在提高功能单元含量的同时能保持聚烯烃单元优异的结晶、加工性能。结构明确的聚烯烃接枝共聚物,具有结构参数可控、综合性能可调的特点,对于认识聚合物材料结构-性能关系、拓展聚烯烃应用范围具有重要的学术和实际意义。聚烯烃接枝共聚物的合成方法可以分为三种类型：“共聚接枝（graft-through）”、“引出接枝（graft-from）”、“偶联接枝（graft-onto）”。前两种合成方法往往涉及烯烃配位聚合与其他聚合方式的机理转化过程;其中,反应性聚合物中间体作为大分子引发剂、大分子RAFT试剂、大分子单体参与接枝反应,实现接枝共聚物的可控制备。第三种方法思路简单明确,即利用聚烯烃侧基反应性基团与其他聚合物反应性端基之间的高效偶联反应实现接枝共聚物制备。本文从合成、结构及性能三方面较为全面地综述了结构明确聚烯烃接枝共聚物的研究进展,着重讨论了新兴合成方法及相应接枝共聚物的潜在应用。     

基于叶立德同源聚合的聚烯烃功能化研究

近年来,新的合成方法的发现以及多种活性聚合组合策略的运用,已成为聚烯烃功能化领域的研究热点。本文首先对构筑聚烯烃分子链骨架的一种新合成方法--叶立德同源聚合的反应机理、单体及其研究现状进行了简要的介绍,然后详细评述了叶立德同源聚合分别与活性阴离子聚合、原子转移自由基聚合、可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合以及开环聚合相结合,设计、合成功能化聚烯烃共聚物的研究新进展。最后,对基于叶立德同源聚合设计、合成功能化聚烯烃共聚物的研究前景与实际应用进行了展望。     

双烯烃橡胶复分解-加氢制备端羧基聚烯烃

采用烯烃复分解法,以双烯烃橡胶为原料,在Grubbs II代催化剂和链转移剂(马来酸)的作用下制得相应的端羧基聚二烯烃,通过对甲苯磺酰肼/三正丙胺试剂对其进一步加氢得到端羧基聚烯烃.主要研究了反应时间、反应温度、橡胶中双键/催化剂摩尔比、橡胶中双键/链转移剂摩尔比等因素对产物分子量及分子量分布的影响.通过核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)和碳谱(13C-NMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)、凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)、热重分析(TGA)和示差扫描量热分析(DSC)对产物的结构和性能进行了测试表征.结果表明,通过调整橡胶中双键/催化剂的摩尔比或橡胶中双键/链转移剂的摩尔比可以调控产物的分子量.另外,采用该方法制得的端羧基聚丁二烯具有较高的反式1,4-结构含量,与原料相比其顺式1,4-结构含量大幅下降,从而对产物的性能产生一定影响;而以异戊橡胶为原料时并没有观察到该现象.端羧基聚二烯烃经加氢反应后转变成端羧基聚烯烃,具有更好的热稳定性.该方法合成步骤简单,产物分子量可控,为功能材料的制备提供了新的可能.     

The Changes of Microstructure and Physical Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene/β Nucleation Agent/Polyolefin Elastomer Induced by Annealing Following Processing

Blends of isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/β nucleation agent (β-NA)/polyolefin elastomer (POE) were prepared by injection molding. The microstructure and mechanical properties of these blends before and after being annealed at various temperatures and times were studied. It was found that annealing simultaneously increased the tensile strength and impact strength. As known, the degree of orientation decreased from the skin layer to the core layer. The orientation of all layers decreased with the increase of annealing temperature and time. The results showed that annealing gave rise to chain rearrangement in both the crystalline and POE phases which, we suggest, played a crucial role in determining the mechanical properties of the blends.