Synthesis of ethylene/propylene elastomers containing a terminal reactive group: The combination of metallocene catalysis and control chain transfer reaction

This article discusses a chemical route to prepare new ethylene/propylene copolymers (EP) containing a terminal reactive group, such as ?‐CH₃ and OH. The chemistry involves metallocene‐mediated ethylene/propylene copolymerization in the presence of a consecutive chain transfer agent—a mixture of hydrogen and styrene derivatives carrying a CH₃ (p‐MS) or a silane‐protected OH (St‐OSi). The major challenge is to find suitable reaction conditions that can simultaneously carry out effective ethylene/propylene copolymerization and incorporation of the styrenic molecule (St‐f) at the polymer chain end, in other words, altering the St‐f incorporation mode from copolymerization to chain transfer. A systematic study was conducted to examine several metallocene catalyst systems and reaction conditions. Both [(C₅Me₄)SiMe₂N(^t‐Bu)]TiCl₂ and rac‐Et(Ind)₂ZrCl₂, under certain H₂ pressures, were found to be suitable catalyst systems to perform the combined task. A broad range of St‐f terminated EP copolymers (EP‐t‐p‐MS and EP‐t‐St‐OH), with various compositions and molecular weights, have been prepared with polymer molecular weight inversely proportional to the molar ratio of [St‐f]/[monomer]. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1858–1872, 2005     

自由基技术在α-烯烃均聚以及与功能性单体共聚中的应用进展

综述了自由基聚合在α-烯烃均聚及与功能性单体共聚制备功能化聚烯烃方面的研究进展。自由基聚合方法具有易操作、成本低等优点,特别是随着活性自由基聚合的发展,使对通过自由基聚合所得聚合物的结构进行精确调控成为可能。目前在α-烯烃均聚方面,通过选择适当的溶剂以及添加有机锂盐,使在相对温和条件下自由基引发α-烯烃合成高分子量聚合物成为可能。在共聚体系中,路易斯酸或布伦特斯酸的引入可以大幅提高共聚物中α-烯烃的含量。     

Effect of Prepolymerization on the Kinetics of Ethylene Polymerization and Ethylene/1‐Hexene Copolymerization with a Ziegler–Natta Catalyst in Slurry Reactors

The effect of prepolymerization on ethylene homopolymerization and ethylene/1‐hexene copolymerization with a commercial TiCl₄/MgCl₂ catalyst was investigated and the apparent homo‐ and copolymerization rate constants were estimated by varying polymerization temperature, pressure, time, and 1‐hexene/ethylene molar ratio during the prepolymerization. The apparent rate constants for activation, propagation, and deactivation depend on the prepolymerization conditions, showing that the prepolymerization stage strongly regulates the behavior of the catalyst in the main polymerization. Interestingly, the surface morphology of the prepolymer particles correlates to and explains these changes in polymerization kinetics behavior.

     

Surface roughness and hydrophilicity enhancement of polyolefin‐based membranes by three kinds of plasma methods

The introduction of antibacterial property, conductivity, wettability and antithrombogenicity into polyolefin‐based membranes has evoked much attention, which can be achieved by coating hydrophilic polymers. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the roughness and hydrophilicity of polyolefin‐based membranes to enhance the coating ability. In this paper, three kinds of plasma methods, including inductively coupled (ICP) plasma, radio frequency low pressure (RFP) plasma and atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma, were used to modify the surface of the polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyester‐polypropylene (PET–PP) membranes. The surface roughness of the plasma‐modified PE, PP and PET–PP films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The polar functional groups of films were observed by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDX) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Besides, the hydrophilicity of the plasma‐modified PE, PP and PET–PP films was evaluated by water contact angle measurement. It was found that the surface roughness and hydrophilicity of plasma‐modified PE, PP and PET–PP films increased with the generation of oxygen‐containing functional groups (i.e. C―O, and C?O). The PET–PP membranes were treated by RFP plasma at different processing powers and times. These results indicated that plasma is an effective way to modify films, and the treatment time and power of plasma had a certain accumulation effect on the membranes' hydrophilicity. As for the roughness and hydrophilicity, the DBD plasma modifies the PE film, which is the optimum way to get the ideal roughness and hydrophilicity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

茂金属催化剂的负载化

茂金属催化剂是继齐格勒-纳塔催化剂之后的新一代烯烃聚合催化剂,与多活性中心催化剂相比,这种单一活性中心类型的催化剂具有聚合活性较高、聚合物分子量分布较窄等特点。其中,负载化是茂金属催化剂实用化的重要课题,它克服了均相催化体系中聚合物形貌不可控的缺点,降低了助催化剂的用量。近些年来茂金属负载化的研究仍很活跃。本文总结了近十年来茂金属负载化的研究进展,主要对载体的形貌、载体的改性处理、茂金属催化剂的负载方法和负载化茂金属催化剂的应用进行了评述并展望了茂金属催化剂负载化的发展趋势。     

锂离子电池用陶瓷聚烯烃复合隔膜

为改善聚烯烃微孔膜的耐热安全性,研究了用于锂离子电池的陶瓷聚烯烃复合隔膜ZrO2/SiO2/PP（聚丙烯）。 复合膜具有高度多孔性和良好液体电解液湿润性。 由于高的毛细吸附作用,通过吸附液态电解液,膜很易传导锂离子。 膜中ZrO2/SiO2的两性特征,将电解液中的酸性HF（氟化氢）消耗掉,而HF作为现在锂离子电池所用电解液中的杂质是不可避免的。 复合膜作为隔膜制备的碳/正极材料锂离子电池不仅具有优良的容量保持性、高温安全性,也显示良好的倍率放电性。     

Precision Sulfonic Acid Ester Copolymers

Linear ethylene copolymers containing sulfonic acid ethyl esters precisely spaced on every 21st carbon have been synthesized using metathesis polycondensation chemistry. These precision structures with one directly attached and one aromatic spaced sulfonic acid ester are synthesized with the goal of tailoring layered higher order morphologies in contrast to conventional clustered ionic polyolefins. Primary structural characterization confirms the precision polymer structures. Additional secondary microstructural analysis by DSC shows a recoverable endothermic melt transition of polyethylene‐like lamellae crystallites of the directly attached ester while completely amorphous behavior is observed when the ester is spaced away from the backbone with an aromatic group.

     

聚烯烃分离膜表面改性研究进展

综述了聚烯烃类分离膜表面改性研究的主要进展,着重介绍了高能辐射接枝、光引发接枝、等离子体接枝、表面臭氧处理、以及超临界CO2状态下接枝等表面改性方法的特点,分析了改性后聚烯烃膜的性能,并对聚烯烃分离膜表面改性进行了展望。     

直接共聚法制备功能化聚烯烃研究进展

从催化剂研究发展的角度概述了直接配位共聚法制备功能化聚烯烃的研究现状 ,重点讨论了催化剂的结构 ,主催化剂和助催化剂以及催化剂和极性基团之间的相互作用对直接功能化聚合反应的影响。     

聚烯烃共价键接枝纳米材料及其聚烯烃纳米复合材料

聚烯烃纳米复合材料为聚烯烃材料带来广阔的性能提升空间,其研究开发工作引起了人们的广泛关注。聚烯烃共价键接枝纳米材料在制备高性能聚烯烃纳米复合材料方面有重要应用。接枝聚烯烃提高了纳米材料与聚烯烃基体之间的相容性,提供良好的界面作用力,从而有效促进纳米材料在聚烯烃基体中均匀分散、极大提高了聚烯烃纳米复合材料的相关性能。三种途径可以用来制备聚烯烃共价键接枝纳米材料:Graft-onto、Graft-from、Graft-through。Graft-onto方法是端基或侧基功能化聚烯烃与纳米材料表面活性基团或碳结构进行接枝反应的过程。由于功能化聚烯烃具有高度反应活性且方便得到,Graft-onto方法占据了制备聚烯烃共价键接枝纳米材料的主流。Graft-from和Graft-through方法中聚烯烃接枝过程即为烯烃聚合过程,实施较为困难,因而文献报道相对较少。本文对聚烯烃共价键接枝纳米材料的制备及其相应的聚烯烃纳米复合材料的最新研究进展进行了综述,着重讨论了聚烯烃接枝对聚烯烃纳米复合材料性能的影响。所涉及纳米材料包括二氧化硅(零维)、碳纳米管(一维)和石墨烯(二维)。