Nitrated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air in Italy. A brief overview

When nitrated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAH) were recognised as long‐term toxic compounds and were also identified in several anthropogenic emissions and among the by‐products of photochemical smog they became objects of investigation in ambient air in both polluted and clean environments. In Italy the first investigations focussing on atmospheric NPAH were performed in the early eighties and encompassed both the canyon streets and dwelling areas of Rome. Because NPAH were indicated as markers of vehicle emission, new investigations were performed in other cities and also in rural and (nominally) unpolluted locations. In general, the first measurements of NPAH were episodic and could not be assumed to be strictly representative of the sites investigated. In contrast, nowadays consistent data bases on NPAH have been built up and are discussed in the technical literature, so that both neat concentrations and the yearly timed variation of the most important NPAH congeners have been measured in Italian air. Although concentrations of NPAH in air are usually much lower than those of PAH, owing to their very high potency in inducing mutations and tumours NPAH are regarded as having an important health impact on populations living in Italian urban areas. In this regard the genotoxicity of atmospheric aerosols is partly associated with nitrofluoranthenes and nitropyrenes whereas nitronaphthalenes and methylnitronaphthalenes seem to contribute to that of the gaseous organic fraction. Several civic and regional administrations are introducing control of atmospheric NPAH among ways of improving air quality in cities.     

动态光散射实验

动态光散射技术是测量纳米及亚微米颗粒粒径的有效方法．本文介绍了动态光散射实验的原理、实验装置及方法，并测量了粒径为85nm的聚苯乙烯水溶液的粒径，分析了实验产生误差的原因．     

改进型迈克耳孙干涉仪

采用分光梭镜代替迈克耳孙干涉仪中的分束镜和补偿板，不仅消除了杂散光斑，且简化了仪器的结构．     

Implementation and experimental study on fast object modeling based on multiple structured stripes

In this paper, a practical structured light-based system for fast object modeling and reconstruction is reported. The system consists of an off-the-shelf digital projector, a video camera and a turntable. The system calibration is implemented accurately and automatically by taking a single image of an illuminated calibration template. The multiple color light stripes emitted by the projector adopt only three colors and the color can be modified easily according to the surface texture of the object. This makes the system widely applicable in many situations, and the assumption about color neutrality, which is a limitation to other similar systems, can be largely relaxed. The registration and merging algorithm is greatly simplified by employing a turntable. The validity and high accuracy of the method are demonstrated by extensive real experiments.     

电磁诱导透明和导致极慢光速的机制

根据有关文献 ,描述了电磁诱导透明和导致光速极慢的物理机制 ,并对实验结果也做了介绍     

白光干涉条纹变密的原因探讨

讨论了在测定透明介质折射率的过程中彩色条纹变密的现象，并在其基础上分析其成因：一是由于媒质折射率加大；二是由于平形板介质平行度不好造成楔形的倾角变大，最后在实验中验证了理论结果。     

关于折射率对散射光场分布影响的研究

根据Mie散射理论,采用理论计算和实验相结合的手法,研究了光散射现象以及散射介质的折射率对散射光场分布的影响.通过对空气中不同折射率的散射介质形成的散射光场光强的实验比较,论证了散射介质折射率的实部变化对散射光强的影响不大,其主要影响是通过对相位的变化来实现的,也即散射介质折射率的虚部变化对光强的影响很大,在实际应用中不可忽略.这一结论对以散射光场的分布为基础的各种研究具有一定的指导意义.     

光纤陀螺信号处理中SLD驱动电路设计

光纤陀螺用光源要求输出功率高、相干性低、稳定性好，超辐射发光二极管（SLD）是能满足这些要求的理想光源，目前国内光纤陀螺用的光源基本上主要选择超辐射发光二极管（SLD），从工程实际应用出发，介绍了超辐射发光二极管（SLD）驱动电路设计，以此来提高光纤陀螺性能。     

关于杨氏干涉条纹的讨论

阐述了杨氏干涉实验中，理论上应该看到明暗相间双曲线条纹，而实际上，在实验室中看到的是明暗相间直线条纹。     

激光水下偏振特性用于目标图像探测

利用激光水下偏振特性获得偏振差分图像(PDI),并运用PDI技术,从理论和实验上对水下目标探测进行了研究.介绍了PDI基本概念和实验系统原理,然后比较分析了不同条件下普通图像与PDI在辨别目标距离及其纹理上的差别和PDI中背景偏振光的影响,得出利用目标和背景偏振光的差异区分二者,从而提高探测距离的结论,并取得了较好的效果.在此基础上提出了通过处理有关PDI偏振参量来进一步辨别目标与背景的设想.