惯例复制与知识转移:作用机制的权变条件研究

针对惯例复制过程中与外部情景难以匹配的复制困境,分析了常规惯例复制和柔性惯例复制对知识转移的单独以及联合作用的关系悖论,对比分析作用机制在网络闭合性和环境不确定性约束下的权变性影响。以研发密集型企业为对象,运用多元回归分析进行实证检验。结果表明:网络闭合性和环境不确定性是惯例复制对知识转移的单独以及联合作用的权变条件;网络闭合性强化了常规惯例复制机制的促进作用,但限制了柔性惯例复制机制的效能发挥;环境不确定性削弱了常规惯例复制机制的促进作用,对柔性惯例复制机制的作用效果不显著;网络闭合性低或环境不确定性低时,两种惯例复制机制的联合作用相互补充,而网络闭合性高或环境不确定性高时,两种惯例复制机制相互替代。研究结论有助于揭示惯例复制的权变作用,对提升技术创新网络的知识转移效率具有重要意义。     

An overview of innovation in industrial drying: current status and R&D needs

Over the past three decades there has been nearly exponential growth in drying R&D on a global scale. Although thermal drying had always been the workhorse of almost all major industrial sectors, the need for and opportunities in basic as well as industrial research became clear only after the energy crisis of the early 1970s. Although the price of oil did drop subsequently the awareness of the significance of improving the drying operation to save energy, improve product quality as well as reduce environmental effect remained and indeed has flourished over recent years. New drying technologies, better operational strategies and control of industrial dryers, as well as improved and more reliable scale-up methodologies have contributed to better cost-effectiveness and better quality dried products. Yet there is no universally or even widely applicable drying theory on the horizon. Most mathematical models of drying remain product-equipment specific for a variety of reasons. In this paper, we examine the role of innovation in drying in various industrial sectors, e.g. paper, wood, foods, agriculture, waste management, etc. Progress made over the past three decades and the challenges ahead are outlined. Some areas in need of further research are identified. Examples of intensification of innovation in dryer designs via mathematical modeling are discussed. Finally, the need for closer interaction between academia and industry is stressed as the key to successful drying R&D in the coming decade.     

大学物理演示实验教学探讨与实践

结合实例分析了物理演示实验在物理教学和学生能力培养中的作用,探讨了大学物理演示实验所面临的实际问题,并提出解决方案和改革思路。     

高师院校复变函数课程教学改革的探索

结合多年的教学实践和高师院校的特点,分析了复变函数课程教学中存在的问题,并提出了一些教学改革设想,如改革课程内容,进行教材建设,渗透数学文化,加强网络教学等,期望能为该课程的教学改革抛砖引玉.     

在独立学院开设《数学实验》课的构想

《数学实验》是在大学数学教学中将理论教学与实验教学融为一体的一门实验科学课程.阐述了在独立学院开设数学实验课的必要性和深远意义,以及在独立学院建设数学实验课的构想.     

大学物理演示实验的价值重构

在创新教育的视角下审视物理演示实验,从创新教育、情境教学设计、创新能力评价和科学普及4个方面对演示实验的价值进行重构.学生制作和创作并重,结合内部动机和外部激励,逐步培养学生动手能力和创新能力;优化已有的演示实验,根据情境教学法编制系列情境演示实验;为选拔具有创新意识学生,设计评价性实验;利用演示实验的独特优势进行科学...     

高等数学教学方法的研究与实践

结合自身的教学经验,总结归纳了高等数学的教学方法与实践过程.主要从以下几个方面作了阐述:如何激发学生学习高等数学的兴趣,变被动学习为主动学习;如何将抽象问题直观化;如何将归纳和类比的方法应用到高等数学教学中;如何在教学中拓宽知识面,培养学生的发散思维.     

跨界创新联盟关联信用风险传染模型研究

跨界创新联盟是企业创新过程中资源整合与共享的一种有效形式,但在带来企业创新资源共享效益的同时,联盟中复杂的关联关系也构成了联盟关联信用风险传染的新渠道。本文结合复杂网络理论与传染病模型,根据跨界创新联盟特点,在原有资产关联研究的基础上,综合考虑行业关联、资产关联和创新合作关联三种关联关系,改进了风险传播的传染病模型,并进行了数值仿真实验。结果表明:行业关联、资产关联和创新合作关联对跨界创新联盟关联信用风险传染阈值具有综合性影响,增加行业关联和创新合作关联因素,有利于提高关联信用风险传染阈值的精度。此外,资产关联度越高则感染成员密度越大;行业关联度越低,创新合作关联度越高则感染成员密度越小。     

From exaptation to radical niche construction in biological and technological complex systems

Biological adaptation assumes the evolution of structures toward better functions. Yet, the roots of adaptive trajectories usually entail subverted—perverted—structures, derived from a different function: what Gould and Vrba called “exaptation.” Generally, this derivation is regarded as contingent or serendipitous, but it also may have regularities, if not rules, in both biological evolution and technological innovation. On the basis of biological examples and examples from the history of technology, the authors demonstrate the centrality of exaptation for a modern understanding of niche, selection, and environment. In some cases, biological understanding illuminates technical exaptation. Thus, the driver of exaptation is not simply chance matching of function and form; it depends on particular, permissive contexts. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 18: 7–14, 2013     

巧用二极管的创新性实验

结合物理实验的教学功能,介绍几款巧用二极管的创新性物理实验的设计与制作。