制造企业供应网络治理策略选择研究

针对制造企业供应网络治理策略的选择问题,通过建立动态的委托代理模型对封闭式和开放式两种供应网络治理策略条件下制造商的期望效用进行了比较分析,研究结果表明环境不确定性,知识转移和折现率都决定了特定的供应网络治理策略的效率.最后得出在环境高度不确定的行业制造商只有加强与供应商之间的知识转移及对长期利益的关注才更有利于实施封闭式治理策略的结论.     

知识创造行为与组织惯例的演化博弈及其仿真研究

以演化博弈模型为主要理论工具,在对知识创造行为与组织惯例关系予以描述的基础上,构建知识创造行为与组织惯例的演化博弈模型。通过求解复制动态方程,分析不同条件下知识创造行为与组织惯例分别达到演化稳定均衡的策略。研究结果表明:知识创造行为与组织惯例的匹配属于动态、重复博弈过程,参与博弈的预期收益、激励成本、转换成本直接决定演化稳定策略且影响个体对知识创造行为与组织惯例的选择,知识创造行为则倾向以承袭为主的保守策略。演化博弈方法的引入为知识创造行为和组织惯例的研究开辟了全新视角,也为相关领域的进一步探索提供有利的理论支持。     

制造云服务组合柔性的四维属性测度方法

云制造环境下服务资源进行动态组合时不可避免地遇到内、外部环境的不确定性,这些不确定性因素直接影响到制造云服务组合的执行成本、效率和质量。为了有效提升制造云服务组合的柔性,需要对其柔性能力进行测度。在假定某待选云服务集中的各服务资源能够以不同的效率替代完成任务的基础上,建立了考虑制造云服务组合柔性的效率柔性、冗余柔性、路径柔性和任务柔性的四维属性测度方法。最后,结合具体算例对该方法的应用过程进行了分析。     

基于ABMS的主流与新流创新资源动态配置机制研究

现有研究普遍认为领导者需要平衡二元创新中主流创新与新流创新之间的资源配置,但针对具体的资源平衡机制研究较少。本文采用基于主体建模与仿真(ABMS)的方法,将领导风格和资源柔性纳入二元创新资源配置动态模型,并在考虑风险和不确定性的条件下开展模拟仿真,研究发现:企业二元创新绩效与变革型领导风格倾向成正相关,与交易型领导风格倾向成负相关;变革型领导企业的创新绩效随资源柔性提高而增长,交易型领导企业与之相反;领导风格与资源柔性之间存在匹配性:变革型领导与高资源柔性正向促进企业创新绩效,交易型领导与低资源柔性更利于取得高绩效;企业创新绩效与创新风险呈“倒U形”关系。研究成果拓展了企业领导理论和二元创新理论,也为领导者适应风险、转变领导风格、调整资源柔性开展二元创新提供决策依据。     

基于社会网络的核心-普通农户间知识转移的博弈分析

基于社会网络的核心外围结构,构建了核心农户与普通农户知识转移的博弈模型,分析了在分散式决策、集中式决策与收益共享契约的协调三种情况下的最优知识定价、知识转移水平和社会网络各参数对知识转移和协调机制的影响.研究表明:在核心外围结构下,由于信息不对称,集中式决策的所得利润高于分散式决策,而利用收益共享契约可以解决分散式决策存在的"双边效应"问题并能够提高社会网络各节点收益.     

网络演化知识博弈模型与算法

为了促进社会网络中企业间的知识转移,加快新知识的传播速度,建立企业间知识转移过程的网络演化博弈模型,模拟企业间知识转移过程;在此基础上考虑企业策略优化问题,基于演化博弈模型给出一种促进企业间知识转移过程的算法.首先,运用半张量积理论将网络演化知识博弈模型代数化,通过对博弈演化过程的分析,得出该博弈的演化趋势;其次,运用给出的算法在网络中找到相应的控制节点,从而使得博弈的演化达到期望的状态;最后,通过仿真实例证明该算法的可行性.     

供应链中产品替代性对柔性资源的影响

考虑了一个公司采用柔性资源来应对不确定性,这种柔性资源可以用来生产两种不同的产品,此两种产品有一定的替代性.在第一阶段,基于对市场的不确定需求信息,公司决定柔性资源的购买数量;在第二阶段,随着对市场的了解,公司决定如何将这柔性资源分配给两种产品使得实际收益最大.研究了对于给定柔性资源的购买价格,为了使期望收益最大化,公司如何决定其最优的购买数量以及产品之间的替代性对最优决策的影响.发现柔性资源的最优购买数量取决于顾客需求市场大小和购买价格,并且关于购买价格是递减的;当其他因素不变时,柔性资源的最优购买数量关于产品替代性是递增的;离散程度大的产品市场不确定性对公司的决策有直接的影响,且当需求以更大的概率为高市场时,公司将增加柔性资源的购买数量.     

基于竞争的网络组织间知识转移的均衡模型研究

本文针对网络组织中知识在组织间转移的行为和问题进行研究。许多文献从网络组织整体的角度阐述和论证了网络组织中知识转移的数量和效率对于网络组织的整体绩效成正比例关系,但是,在网络组织中个体企业之间存在着合作与竞争,知识转移的过程也是一个合作与竞争的过程,个体企业追求的是个体最优化的状态。本文在个体目标最优化的基础上,考虑到知识转移的交易与非交易方式,知识转移的风险性,对组织中个体企业间关系的影响,以及知识的转化率,构建了个体企业基于利润、知识转移风险、组织间关系价值、知识转移费用和知识的吸收转化价值的多目标决策模型;并且,运用变分不等式理论与修正投影方法,得到个体最优化状态下的网络组织知识转移的均衡状态;最后,通过算例证明了模型和结果的合理性。     

探究知识网络交汇点 精选纵横联系综合题

知识网络交汇点主要是指在数学的不同分支或不同课题中起支撑作用的、在各部分知识相互联系中起联结作用的知识 .纵观近几年的高考题 ,已由以知识立意转变为以能力立意 ,注重考查知识的迁移、知识的应用 ,注重学科的内在联系和知识的综合 .多数题目尤其是解答题 ,将中学数学中的重要知识相互交融 ,试题设计在知识网络的交汇点上 .因此在高中数学教学尤其是在高三数学复习中 ,一方面要从整体上把握高中数学知识 ,另一方面要特别注意强化知识的纵横联系 .随着复习的深入 ,很有必要设计一些在知识网络交汇点上的综合题目 ,培养学生综合运用知识…     

基于系统动力学的再制造分级回收机制研究

考虑旧件回收质量与回收数量的不确定性特征,在分析再制造系统与回收行为的基础上,构建再制造分级回收系统动力学模型,尝试借助分级回收机制调节回收不确定性,并对再制造系统的长期表现展开研究.仿真结果表明,合理分级回收有利于减少回收流的不确定性,降低相关再制造成本,促使再制造更快进入良性发展状态;再制造产能扩大决策兼顾再制造收益与再制造规模,是再制造持续快速发展的有利保证;检测成本越低、回收质量波动幅度越小,最优分级数越多.再制造企业实施分级回收机制,既可以促进再制造的持续发展,也可以激励消费者提供高回收质量的旧件并改进使用习惯.     

校企合作、企业环境与知识转移绩效——以长三角医疗器械产业为例

本文在长三角地区医疗器械产业问卷调研的基础上,构建了校企合作、企业环境与知识转移绩效间关系的概念模型,并利用结构方程模型(SEM)对理论模型进行了实证研究.研究结果表明:校企合作与企业吸收能力以及企业所处的环境有着密切的关系,企业环境与知识溢出以及企业潜在和实际吸收能力具有正相关关系.最后在理论和实证分析的基础上提出了提高我国校企合作和知识转移绩效的建议.     

Uncertainty and stepwise investment

We analyze the optimal investment strategy of a firm that can complete a project either in one stage at a single freely chosen time point or in incremental steps at distinct time points. The presence of economies of scale gives rise to the following trade-off: lumpy investment has a lower total cost, but stepwise investment gives more flexibility by letting the firm choose the timing individually for each stage. Our main question is how uncertainty in market development affects this trade-off. The answer is unambiguous and in contrast with a conventional real-options intuition: higher uncertainty makes the single-stage investment more attractive relative to the more flexible stepwise investment strategy.     

网络组织治理绩效影响因素的实证研究

本文从网络治理目标、治理结构、治理机制、治理环境四个方面分析网络治理绩效的影响因素,在具有典型网络合作特征的企业展开调查获得第一手资料,运用结构方程模型对网络治理绩效的影响因素进行实证检验。结果表明,成员企业之间的差异性越大、资源互补性越强、文化兼容性越好、关系资本强度越高,治理绩效越好;治理目标、治理环境和治理机制对治理绩效存在一定影响,但对我国企业而言具有其特殊性。     

MRP-controlled batch-manufacturing environment under uncertainty

The overall aim of this research is to model the effects of uncertainty on delivery performance in an MRP-controlled batch-manufacturing environment with multi-product and multi-level dependent demand. To this end, MRP planning and batch-manufacturing system control architectures were modelled using simulation to implement the MRP release logic. Simulation and experimental design were carried out based on a real case enterprise. ANOVA showed that four uncertainty factors—namely late delivery from suppliers, machine breakdowns, process batch size increments and customer design changes—have significant effects on delivery performance. This ANOVA further showed that uncertainties create knock-on and compound effects; the latter are difficult to predict in practice. Significant two-way and three-way interactions among some uncertainty factors were also found, making it more difficult to characterise the precise factor effects. It was found that the more uncertain the environment is, the later the deliveries are. It can be concluded that MRP-controlled batch-manufacturing enterprises should diagnose uncertainties that are significantly affecting delivery performance, and tackle these uncertainties most urgently to prevent diffusion of knock-on and compound effects and improve delivery performance. This conclusion was validated through the case enterprise, for which significant delivery improvement has been achieved.     

Communication and organizational social networks: a simulation model

Recent management research has evidenced the significance of organizational social networks, and communication is believed to impact the interpersonal relationships. However, we have little knowledge on how communication affects organizational social networks. This paper studies the dynamics between organizational communication patterns and the growth of organizational social networks. We propose an organizational social network growth model, and then collect empirical data to test model validity. The simulation results agree well with the empirical data. The results of simulation experiments enrich our knowledge on communication with the findings that organizational management practices that discourage employees from communicating within and across group boundaries have disparate and significant negative effect on the social network’s density, scalar assortativity and discrete assortativity, each of which correlates with the organization’s performance. These findings also suggest concrete measures for management to construct and develop the organizational social network.     

组织公平对知识共享行为的影响及其对策研究——以河北省国有企业为例

员工间知识共享行为作为企业知识资源的积累和更新的重要来源为企业发展提供了动力源泉,另一方面员工间知识共享行为又受到组织环境、员工观念、技术环境等多方面制约。本文以河北省国有企业员工为研究对象,以组织公平为前因变量,组织嵌入为中介变量,知识共享行为为因变量构建理论模型,并且检验了三者之间的关系。研究结果显示:组织公平、组织嵌入对知识共享行为存在显著正向影响,其中组织嵌入在组织公平与知识共享行为之间存在部分中介作用。     

Knowledge exchange processes in Industrial Districts and the emergence of networks

This paper aims at exploring conditions under which the need for knowledge exchange within a small firms?? cluster generates a structure of links between firms. We focus in particular on small firms?? clusters called Industrial Districts (IDs). Specifically, we analyze IDs with flexible specialization, in which knowledge exchange is driven by the search for complementary knowledge assets. Previous works of the authors proposed an agent-based model of IDs to explore the properties of networks emerging from the interaction of firms prompted by the search and exchange of complementary specialized knowledge. This model showed that limited relational capability, due to the small size, and an exchange mechanism solely based on the barter of complementary knowledge are structural conditions that limit individual firms?? growth in IDs with flexible specialization. This paper presents a new version of this model to analyze the role of embeddedness of relationships among IDs firms in shaping the emergent network structures. The aim of the paper is to answer to the following research questions: Can knowledge complementariness explain the emergence of a stable network of firms within a small firms?? cluster? What are the structural properties of these networks? Which role does the embeddedness of relationships among firms play in shaping the structure of emerging networks?     

非对称视角下技术创新网络社群结构涌现及其对双元创新的影响研究

针对介于全局网络与自中心网络间的社群现象及其网络结构的创新悖论,分析了不同层面网络社群结构的涌现特征,从组织间关系的非对称视角,探究网络社群动态变化对双元创新的差异性影响。利用高科技生物制药行业的合作与专利数据,使用快速压缩社群识别算法和多元回归模型进行实证检验。研究结果表明:宏观层面的全局网络存在显著“抱团”的多社群巨元组结构;中观层面的网络社群存在选择偏好的核心-边缘结构;微观层面社群组织动态的跨社群运动和成员流动二维变化加剧;社群动态的二维变化对突破式创新具有正向影响,与渐进式创新呈现倒U型关系;位置非对称性正向调节社群动态对双元创新的影响,技术非对称性的调节作用不显著。研究结论有助于揭示技术创新网络社群的合作创新模式,对提升组织创新能力,维持创新网络平稳运行具有重要意义。     

随机环境下技术开发和授权的最优策略

技术创新的价值实现需要后续的商业化投资,在随机不确定的市场环境下,创新企业面对着投资或等待、自身开发或技术授权的策略选择.利用实物期权方法建立了市场不确定时的决策模型,分析开发能力、不确定性等多种因素对企业授权的影响,在多种情况下得到企业的最优决策并对相关现象给出了解释.研究发现不确定性提高了企业投资的临界值,提高了企业的技术授权价格,高度的不确定性减少了技术授权的可能,较高的能力差异会促进技术交易.     

Validation of decision-aiding spreadsheets: the influence of contingency factors

This paper describes an investigation into the influence of contingency factors on the validation of spreadsheet-based decision support systems (DSS), and develops a methodological framework for validation that takes account of the effect of contingency factors. The research extends and confirms previous research by one of the authors who identified relevant contingency factors. The perceived influence of these contingency factors on validation effort was investigated by an empirical study, and the results of this study were then used to derive contingency-related guidance for validation. This was evaluated by a sample of practitioners and academics with experience in the development of spreadsheet-based DSS, and was then incorporated into a methodological framework for validation. The framework is designed to enable managers, decision-makers, project leaders and other non-OR specialists to identify the extent of validation effort likely to be required to ensure that the spreadsheet models that they build are valid. The research has implications for the validation of other types of OR models.