用于部分氧化甲烷制合成气铈基氧载体的性能分析

对铈基氧载体在熔融盐中利用其品格氧直接部分氧化甲烷制合成气的反应性能进行了研究；分别制备了在650，750，850和950℃焙烧下的铈基氧载体，在不同的反应温度下，利用制备的铈基氧载体对甲烷转化率、H2及CO的选择性进行了试验研究，结果表明：750℃下焙烧的铈基氧载体具有最高的活性，反应温度为825℃时，甲烷的转化率达到了96．5％，同时H2的选择性也比其他温度制备的氧载体高；对750℃焙烧下的氧载体分别添加1％MgO和1％TiO2，考察助剂对氧载体反应性能的影响，结果表明：添加1％MgO和1％TiO2能较好的改善氧载体的性能，且添加1％MgO时氧载体的性能最好。     

Mechanistic study of partial oxidation of methane to syngas using in situ time-resolved FTIR and microprobe Raman spectroscopies

In situ time-resolved Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and microprobe Raman spectroscopies were used to characterize the reaction mechanisms of the partial oxidation of methane to syngas over SiO(2)- and gamma-Al(2)O(3)-supported rhodium and ruthenium catalysts. The interaction of both pure methane and a methane/oxygen mixture at a stoichiometric feed ratio with an oxygen-rich catalyst surface led to the formation of CO2 and H(2)O as the primary products. For the H(2)-pretreated samples, the reaction mechanisms with the catalysts differ. Only Rh/SiO(2) is capable of catalyzing the direct oxidation of methane to syngas, while syngas formation over Rh/gamma-Al(2)O(3), Ru/SiO(2), and Ru/gamma-Al(2)O(3) can be achieved mainly via a combustion-reforming scheme. The significant difference in the mechanisms for partial oxidation of methane to syngas over the catalysts can be correlated to the differences in the concentration of oxygen species (O(2-)) on the catalyst surface during the reaction, mainly due to the difference in the nature of the metals and supports.     

In-Situ FT-IR Investigation Methane to Syngas over of Partial Oxidation of Rh/SiO2 Catalyst

Partial oxidation of methane to syngas （POM） over Rh/SiO2 catalyst was investigated using in-situ FT-IR. When methane interacted with 1.0wt%Rh/SiO2 catalyst, it was dissociated to adsorbed hydrogen and CHx species. The adsorbed hydrogen atoms were transferred to SiO2 surface by ＂spill-over＂ and reacted with lattice oxygen to form surface -OH species. POM mechanism was investigated over Rh/SiO2 catalyst using in-situ FT-IR. It was found that CO2 was formed before CO could be detected when CH4 and O2 were introduced over the preoxidized Rh/SiO2 catalyst, whereas CO was detected before CO2 was formed over the prereduced Rh/SiO2 catalyst.     

磷改性HZSM-5分子筛的制备及其在合成气一步法制二甲醚反应中的应用

 以磷酸为前驱体,采用浸渍法制备了一系列不同P2O5含量(分别为5%, 10%和15%)的磷改性HZSM-5分子筛(P2O5/HZSM-5), 并采用氨程序升温脱附和吡啶吸附红外光谱法研究了其酸性. 结果表明,随着P2O5含量的增大, P2O5/HZSM-5样品的酸量尤其是强Brnsted酸位的酸量逐渐减少. 以上述P2O5/HZSM-5分子筛为甲醇脱水催化剂与工业甲醇合成催化剂(Cu-ZnO-Al2O3)组成双功能催化剂,在连续流动加压固定床反应器上考察了其对合成气一步法制二甲醚反应的催化性能. 结果表明,以适量磷(10%P2O5)改性的HZSM-5分子筛作为甲醇脱水催化剂,可使产物中二氧化碳和烃类副产物的选择性分别由改性前的43.3%和3.0%下降至低于33%和0.1%, 从而使二甲醚的选择性由49.7%提高到63%以上. 当P2O5/HZSM-5中的磷含量(15%P2O5)过高时,产物中甲醇的选择性高达30%以上,表明反应所生成的中间产物甲醇无法有效地转化,从而使二甲醚的选择性和一氧化碳的转化率均大大降低.     

Influence of Reaction Conditions on Methanol Synthesis and WGS Reaction in the Syngas-to-DME Process

A series of CuO-ZnO catalysts (with different Cu/Zn molar ratios) were prepared, and evaluated under the reaction conditions of syngas-to-dimethyl ether (DME) with three sorts of feed gas and different space velocity. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The experiment results showed that the reaction conditions of syngas-to-DME process greatly affected the methanol synthesis and WGS reaction. The influence caused by Cu/Zn molar ratio was quite different on the two reactions; increasing of percentage of CO2 in feed gas was unfavorable for catalyst activity, and also inhibited both reactions: enhancement of reaction space velocity heavily influenced the performance of the catalyst, and the benefits were relatively less for methanol synthesis than for the WGS reaction.     

改性Mo2C／Al2O3催化剂用于甲烷部分氧化制合成气

 制备了含有少量Ni，Co，Cu或K的Mo2C／Al2O3催化剂，用于甲烷部分氧化（POM）制合成气反应，并用程序升温表面反应（TPSR）进行了表征．Ni可以促进氧化钼被氢还原，进而促进氧化钼的碳化及甲烷的活化，故Ni改性催化剂具有很高的催化活性和选择性，并且有很高的催化稳定性．Co也可以促进氧化钼的碳化及甲烷的活化，故Co改性催化剂也具有较高的催化活性和稳定性．Cu的添加有利于氧化钼的碳化及甲烷的活化，故Cu改性催化剂在开始阶段表现出对甲烷转化的促进作用，但随后其促进作用消失，与Cu的存在状态发生变化有关；Cu改性催化剂具有较低的选择性，则与其促进氧的活化作用有关．K的添加不利于氧化钼的碳化及甲烷的活化，故K改性催化剂的催化活性和选择性较低．     

La2NiO4／Al2O3催化剂上CH4／CO2的重整

 通过溶胶－凝胶方法制备了尖晶石结构的La2NiO4／Al2O3催化剂，采用BET，XRD和TG表征了催化剂的孔分布、比表面积、体相组成以及凝胶样品的热失重和热分解过程．将催化剂应用于CH4／CO2重整反应制合成气，考察了惰性气体和反应温度对转化率、选择性以及积碳的影响．结果表明，在高空速（GHSV＝4．8×104ml／（g·h））下，CH4和CO2转化率分别为51％和60％，CO和H2的选择性约为98％和92％，惰性气体He的引入明显地提高了CH4和CO2的转化率．     

Influence of the Sol-Gel Method on a NiO/Al2O3 Catalyst for CH4/O2 to Syngas Reaction

NiO/-Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared by the impregnation and the sol-gel method. The sintering and loss of nickel, carbon deposition and 80 h life-test for POM reaction over the catalyst were investigated by a flow-reactor and by XPS, TG, EXAFS and AAS analysis. The results indicated that the sol-gel method could enhance the ability to suppress carbon deposition and to resist nickel sintering and loss over nickel-based catalysts.     

Improvement of stability of out-layer MgAl2O4 spinel for a Ni/MgAl2O4/Al2O3 catalyst in dry reforming of methane

Summary The stability of Ni/-Al₂O₃ catalyst in dry reforming of methane was found to be improved by the addition of MgO into the catalyst, probably due to the formation of out-layer MgAl₂O₄ spinels, which can effectively suppress the phase transformation to form NiAl₂O₄ spinel phases, stabilize the tiny Ni crystallites and suppress carbon deposition in dry reforming of methane.     

Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂上CH_4部分氧化制合成气机理的IR研究(英文)

在２．９％（ｗｔ）Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上用ｉｎｓｉｔｕＦＴＩＲ研究了ＣＨ４部分氧化制合成气的反应机理。结果表明，催化剂表面的活性碳物种与化学吸附的Ｏ原子反应生成ＣＯ；ＣＨ４／Ｏ２（２：ｌ）混合气在催化剂表面吸附的ＩＲ谱图表明只有Ｈ２Ｏ和ＣＯ２存在，说明ＣＨ４和ＣＯ２的重整反应没有发生。因此，我们认为ＣＯ和Ｈ２是一级产物。