用于部分氧化甲烷制合成气的铈基氧载体性能表征

将稀土氧化物CeO2中的晶格氧用于熔融盐体系下甲烷部分氧化制取合成气的新方法,采用浸渍法制备了负载型铈基氧载体,利用XRD、O2-TPD、H2-TPR分析手段对氧载体进行了表征.在甲烷气氛下进行了CeO2的热重实验.在熔融盐反应器中分别考察了添加1%TiO2和MgO两种不同助剂对10?O2-Al2O3负载型氧载体反应性能的影响.结果表明,CeO2容易失去晶格氧被还原为低价态铈的氧化物,同时把甲烷部分氧化成H2和CO,有着良好的循环使用性能.助剂的添加能够明显改善氧载体的反应活性,其中以添加MgO比较理想.     

Cr/MgO催化剂上乙腈和甲醇选择性合成丙烯腈的研究

用浸渍法制备了系列MgO负载过渡金属氧化物催化剂，比较了这些催化剂的催化性能，详细考察了Cr／MgO催化剂的活性组份含量、焙烧温度及反应温度等因素对乙腈和甲醇选择性合成丙烯腈的影响。结果表明，对于Cr／MgO催化剂，当负载量3％时催化性能最佳，过高的负载量对生成丙烯腈的选择性影响不大，但乙腈转化率呈下降趋势，焙烧温度对生成丙烯腈选择性的影响不大，但经600℃焙烧的催化剂乙腈转化率最高，随着反应温度提高，乙腈转化率提高，而生成丙烯腈选择性400℃左右出现最高值，CO2-TPD表明，催化剂强吸附碱中心越多，越有利于乙腈和甲醇选择性合成丙烯腈反应，Cr／MgO催化剂中引入Na2O后，提高了乙腈的转化率，而生成丙烯腈的选择性降低。     

植物还原法制备负载型金纳米催化剂催化乙醇选择氧化反应

采用侧柏叶提取液还原氯金酸制备负载型金纳米催化剂,通过乙醇选择氧化反应,筛选出催化性能较好的TiO2载体。以TiO2载体为载体,考察了Au负载量、焙烧温度、催化剂用量、碳酸氢钠添加量及催化剂反应条件(时间、温度、压力)等因素对乙醇选择氧化反应的影响。结果表明,1.5%Au/TiO2催化剂(Au负载量为1.5%,质量分率,下同)催化乙醇选择氧化反应性能最佳,产物为乙醛、乙酸乙酯和缩醛,0.5%碳酸氢钠添加剂可抑制缩醛的生成,并可显著提高乙醇转化率和乙酸乙酯选择性。通过优化催化反应条件(1.5%Au/TiO2催化剂焙烧温度为400℃、用量为0.4 g、反应温度为100℃、氧气压力为3 MPa、反应时间为3 h时),乙醇转化率为47.9%,乙酸乙酯选择性为89.1%。     

甲烷催化燃烧的新型载体

采用高分子表面修饰法成功地制备了粒度小、分散性好，1000℃高温焙烧后无团聚的新型Ce-Mg-O纳米材料，以其为载体通过浸渍法制备成Feox/Ce-Mg-O催化剂用于甲烷燃烧反应。采用TEM，AFM，XRD，H2-TPR技术对Ce-Mg-O纳米材料的结构、形貌以及还原性能、氧恢复性能进行了表征。结果表明，由于CeO2中引入MgO后形成独特的结构特点和良好的氧性能，采用该纳米材料用于催化剂载体后，有利于提高催化剂对甲烷的氧化活性。在7．0％FeOx／CM催化剂上，甲烷的T90转化温度为560℃。     

CeO2/Co3O4氧载体的制备及其甲烷化学链燃烧性能研究

制备了系列甲烷化学链燃烧用CeO₂/Co₃O₄复合氧载体,采用XRD、H₂-TPR、甲烷程序升温和恒温反应对氧载体进行了表征与评价。研究了不同CeO₂的负载量对复合氧载体的结构、氧化还原性、产物选择性的影响。结果表明,氧化铈的添加不仅降低了氧载体的初始反应温度,还延长了有效反应时间,但铈添加量过高会降低产物CO₂选择性,使甲烷向部分氧化进行。CeO₂(30%)/Co₃O₄氧载体在650 ℃经20次循环后甲烷转化率和CO₂选择性均未明显降低,表现出较高的活性和化学链循环稳定性。     

丙烯气相一步氧化制环氧丙烷用Ag-Mo催化剂的研究

 用浸渍法和溶胶－凝胶法制备了一系列以银及氧化钼为活性组分，负载于不同载体上的催化剂．在以分子氧为氧化剂，且原料气中不添加任何抑制剂的情况下，采用微反－色谱联合装置考察了催化剂对丙烯气相一步氧化制环氧丙烷的催化性能．结果表明，载体和助剂对催化剂上丙烯环氧化性能产生明显的影响．以TiO2－ZrO2为载体，CsNO3－NaCl为助剂的Ag－MoO3催化剂具有较好的催化性能，在400℃下，氧的转化率和环氧丙烷的选择性可分别达到11．3％和34．8％；在450℃下，氧的转化率和环氧丙烷的选择性可分别提高到33．0％和35．3％．采用溶胶－凝胶法制备的MoO3／SiO2催化剂对丙烯气相一步环氧化反应也具有一定的催化活性．     

柠檬酸络合法制备NiO-CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物及其在甲烷部分氧化反应中的应用

 采用柠檬酸络合法制备了NiO-CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物并将其用于甲烷部分氧化反应,考察了柠檬酸加入量、Ce/Ti原子比、焙烧温度和镍组分含量对催化剂活性的影响. 结果表明,NiO-CeO2-TiO2对甲烷部分氧化反应具有很高的活性和稳定性. 在原料气体积组成为20%CH4, 10%O2和70%N2, GHSV=55200 ml/(g·h), 反应温度在650～850 ℃范围内, 700 ℃焙烧的10%NiO-Ce0.50Ti0.50O2催化剂具有最高的CH4转化率和H2选择性, 750 ℃下经50 h连续测试后,其活性和选择性仍保持在较高水平. 催化剂的XRD和TPR表征结果说明NiO处于高分散状态; 在NiO-TiO2催化剂中, NiO与TiO2发生固相反应并以NiTiO3形式存在,而NiTiO3比与载体发生相互作用的表面NiO难还原; 加入CeO2可以形成Ce-Ti-O固溶体,对NiO和TiO2的固相反应有抑制作用,有利于提高催化剂的中低温反应活性,同时NiTiO3对甲烷部分氧化反应也具有催化活性.     

赤泥作为氧载体用于甲烷化学链燃烧:反应与循环性能

将拜耳法赤泥作为氧载体用于甲烷化学链燃烧,研究了不同预处理条件对赤泥氧载体的反应与循环性能的影响.对赤泥氧载体的物理化学性质的表征结果表明,高温焙烧导致氧载体反应活性下降,但有利于赤泥中各组分之间发生反应生成稳定的复合物(如Na_6Al_4Si_4O_(17)和Ca_2Al_2Si O_7),从而提高了赤泥氧载体的热稳定性.通过测试不同温度(800,850,900和950℃)下制备的赤泥氧载体(800-RM,850-RM,900-RM和950-RM)与CH_4的反应性能发现,900-RM的反应活性和循环性能均优于其它样品,CH_4转化率和CO_2选择性分别达到了71%和79%,说明900℃为最佳焙烧温度.在900℃下经30次redox循环后,赤泥氧载体的反应性能和物相结构未发生明显变化,表明其具有优良的循环稳定性.     

高活性MgO/SnO2复合金属氧化物催化剂的合成及在双氧水选择氧化环己酮制ε-己内酯反应中的应用

通过共沉淀法制备了一系列Mg基复合金属氧化物,采用X射线衍射（XRD）、热重（TG）以及N2 吸附（BET）等表征手段对催化剂的结构进行了表征,并研究了其对双氧水体系中环己酮Baeyer-Villiger氧化制己内酯的催化反应性能,考察了不同组成和配比的催化剂以及反应条件对催化活性的影响。结果表明,在以H2O2水溶液为氧化剂,苯甲腈和二氧六环混合溶液为溶剂时,复合金属氧化物MgO/SnO2体现出比MgO/La2O3、MgO/TiO2、MgO/ZnO、MgO/ZrO2等催化剂更优异的催化性能。同时发现金属摩尔比为7:3,焙烧温度为600℃ 的MgO/SnO2催化剂在优选反应条件下可使环己酮的最高转化率达90.5%,己内酯的选择性达到100%。     

泡沫金属微反应器内富氢重整气中CO选择性甲烷化

在微反应器中,用泡沫金属镍为载体负载4Ni-2Ru/ZrO2双金属催化剂,用于选择性甲烷化去除富氢重整气中的CO。考察了催化剂负载方法、焙烧温度和空速等对CO选择性甲烷化的影响,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等手段对催化剂制备方法与催化性能的关系进行了探讨。结果表明,直接将4Ni-2Ru/ZrO2催化剂涂布在泡沫镍片上,350℃下焙烧,反应温度为260℃,空速为2 000 h-1~6 000 h-1,可将富氢转化气中CO降至30×10-6以下,其中空速为5 000 h-1,可将CO出口浓度降至7×10-6,CO2的转化率低于1.5%。反应温度在260℃~300℃,CO的转化率在99.6%以上,CO出口浓度在50×10-6以下。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。     

Stages of thermal decomposition of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur

Thermal behaviour of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur: Na₂SO₄, Na₂S₂O₇, Na₂S₂O₆, Na₂SO₃, Na₂S₂O₅, Na₂S₂O₄, Na₂S₂O₃, Na₂S₃O₆ and of sulphides Na₂S and Na₂S₂ was studied on heating up to 1000°C. The experiments were performed with anhydrous compounds obtained from commercial products by recrystallisation and dehydration. The stage mechanisms of decomposition of anionic sub-lattices of the salts have been proposed basing on the Górski’s morphological classification of simple species. The thermal stability and the stage decomposition mechanisms were correlated with the structure and the potential chemical properties of the salt anions. The thermal decomposition processes were studied by means of thermal analysis, and the decomposition products were identified by means of X-ray phase analysis.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.