全文获取类型
收费全文 | 73445篇 |
免费 | 5219篇 |
国内免费 | 9717篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 61765篇 |
晶体学 | 2912篇 |
力学 | 780篇 |
综合类 | 857篇 |
数学 | 6631篇 |
物理学 | 15436篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 77篇 |
2023年 | 532篇 |
2022年 | 922篇 |
2021年 | 2366篇 |
2020年 | 1808篇 |
2019年 | 1956篇 |
2018年 | 1625篇 |
2017年 | 1942篇 |
2016年 | 2436篇 |
2015年 | 2227篇 |
2014年 | 2897篇 |
2013年 | 5891篇 |
2012年 | 3939篇 |
2011年 | 3677篇 |
2010年 | 3384篇 |
2009年 | 4148篇 |
2008年 | 4416篇 |
2007年 | 4775篇 |
2006年 | 4276篇 |
2005年 | 3483篇 |
2004年 | 3346篇 |
2003年 | 2894篇 |
2002年 | 5059篇 |
2001年 | 2324篇 |
2000年 | 1867篇 |
1999年 | 1636篇 |
1998年 | 1436篇 |
1997年 | 1239篇 |
1996年 | 1333篇 |
1995年 | 1151篇 |
1994年 | 1078篇 |
1993年 | 948篇 |
1992年 | 924篇 |
1991年 | 634篇 |
1990年 | 450篇 |
1989年 | 412篇 |
1988年 | 378篇 |
1987年 | 302篇 |
1986年 | 271篇 |
1985年 | 382篇 |
1984年 | 295篇 |
1983年 | 176篇 |
1982年 | 324篇 |
1981年 | 493篇 |
1980年 | 444篇 |
1979年 | 479篇 |
1978年 | 385篇 |
1977年 | 286篇 |
1976年 | 245篇 |
1973年 | 154篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 968 毫秒
31.
Renny Mathew Karolina A. Uchman Lydia Gkoura Chris J. Pickard Maria Baias 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2020,58(11):1018-1025
A combined experimental and computational approach was used to distinguish between different polymorphs of the pharmaceutical drug aspirin. This method involves the use of ab initio random structure searching (AIRSS), a density functional theory (DFT)-based crystal structure prediction method for the high-accuracy prediction of polymorphic structures, with DFT calculations of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters and solid-state NMR experiments at natural abundance. AIRSS was used to predict the crystal structures of form-I and form-II of aspirin. The root-mean-square deviation between experimental and calculated 1H chemical shifts was used to identify form-I as the polymorph present in the experimental sample, the selection being successful despite the large similarities between the molecular environments in the crystals of the two polymorphs. 相似文献
32.
Chao Liu Liying Wang Lin Yang Famei Wang Chunhong Xu Jingwei Lv Guanglai Fu Xianli Li Qiang Liu Haiwei Mu Tao Sun Paul K. Chu 《Physics letters. A》2019,383(25):3200-3206
A single-polarization filter comprising a gold-coated photonic crystal fiber based on surface plasmon resonance is designed and investigated. The pattern matching and coupled polarization characteristics analyzed by the full-vector finite element method (FEM) and losses at 1,540 nm are achieved to 1,016.01739 dB/cm (x-pol core mode) and 33.81917 dB/cm (y-pol core mode). The crosstalk (CT) value of the 1,540 nm band is ?853.12653 dB for fiber length and the bandwidth is 850 nm. The working wavelength of the filter ranges from 1,280 nm to 1,540 nm by varying the diameter of outer air holes (), the diameter of inner air holes (), the metal film thickness (t), as well as the liquid refractive index (n). 相似文献
33.
语音通信系统中,语音通过信道传输将不可避免地引入码间串扰和信号畸变,同时受到噪声污染。本文在分析自适应盲均衡算法CMA(constant modulus algorithm)和改进盲均衡算法的基础上,考虑到自适应盲均衡技术在语音噪声控制方面能力有限,将自适应盲均衡技术与小波包掩蔽阈值降噪算法联合使用,形成一种基带语音增强新方法。仿真试验结果显示自适应盲均衡技术可以使星座图变得清晰而紧凑,有效减小误码率。研究证实该方法在语音信号ISI和畸变严重情况下,在白噪及有色噪声不同的噪声环境中都具有稳定的降噪能力,消噪同时可获得汉语普通话良好的听觉效果。 相似文献
34.
Leonor Contreras Ignacio Villarroel Camila Torres Roberto Rozas 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(6)
Doxorubicin (DOX), a recognized anticancer drug, forms stable associations with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs when properly functionalized have the ability to anchor directly in cancerous tumors where the release of the drug occurs thanks to the tumor slightly acidic pH. Herein, we study the armchair and zigzag CNTs with Stone–Wales (SW) defects to rank their ability to encapsulate DOX by determining the DOX-CNT binding free energies using the MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA methods implemented in AMBER16. We investigate also the chiral CNTs with haeckelite defects. Each haeckelite defect consists of a pair of square and octagonal rings. The armchair and zigzag CNT with SW defects and chiral nanotubes with haeckelite defects predict DOX-CNT interactions that depend on the length of the nanotube, the number of present defects and nitrogen doping. Chiral nanotubes having two haeckelite defects reveal a clear dependence on the nitrogen content with DOX-CNT interaction forces decreasing in the order 0N > 4N > 8N. These results contribute to a further understanding of drug-nanotube interactions and to the design of new drug delivery systems based on CNTs. 相似文献
35.
Comparative study on transport properties of N-, P-, and As-doped SiC nanowires: Calculated based on first principles 下载免费PDF全文
According to the one-dimensional quantum state distribution, carrier scattering, and fixed range hopping model, the structural stability and electron transport properties of N-, P-, and As-doped SiC nanowires(N-SiCNWs, P-SiCNWs, and As-SiCNWs) are simulated by using the first principles calculations. The results show that the lattice structure of NSiCNWs is the most stable in the lattice structures of the above three kinds of doped SiCNWs. At room temperature,for unpassivated SiCNWs, the doping effect of P and As are better than that of N. After passivation, the conductivities of all doped SiCNWs increase by approximately two orders of magnitude. The N-SiCNW has the lowest conductivity. In addition, the N-, P-, As-doped SiCNWs before and after passivation have the same conductivity–temperature characteristics,that is, above room temperature, the conductivity values of the doped SiCNWs all increase with temperature increasing.These results contribute to the electronic application of nanodevices. 相似文献
36.
Simultaneous quantification of leukotrienes and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids in cell culture medium using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry 下载免费PDF全文
Leukotrienes (LTs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) are important bioactive lipid mediators that participate in various pathophysiological processes. To advance understanding of the mechanisms that regulate these mediators in physiological and pathological processes, an analytical method using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous quantification of LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, LTE4, 5‐HETE, 8‐HETE, 12‐HETE and 15‐HETE in cell culture media was developed. A Supel?‐Select HLB solid‐phase extraction cartridge was used for sample preparation. The compounds were separated on a C18 column using gradient elution with acetonitrile–water–formic acid (20:80:0.1, v/v/v) and acetonitrile–formic acid (100:0.1, v/v). The calibration curves of LTB4, LTD4, LTE4 and HETEs were linear in the range of 0.025–10 ng/mL, and the calibration curve of LTC4 was linear in the range of 0.25–10 ng/mL. Validation assessment showed that the method was highly reliable with good accuracy and precision. The stability of LTs and HETEs was also investigated. Using the developed method, we measured LTs and HETEs in the culture supernatant of the human mast cell line HMC‐1. The present method could facilitate investigations of the mechanisms that regulate the production, release and signaling of LTs and HETEs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
37.
The discharge of diverse pollutants has led to a complex water environment and posed a huge health threat to humans and animals. Self-propelled micromotors have recently attracted considerable attention for efficient water remediation due to their strong localized mass transfer effect. However, a single functionalized component is difficult to tackle with multiple contaminants and requires to combine different decontamination effects together. Here, we introduced a multifunctional micromotor to implement the adsorption and degradation roles simultaneously by integrating the poly(aspartic acid) (PASP) adsorbent with a MnO2-based catalyst. The as-prepared micromotors are well propelled in contaminated waters by MnO2 catalyzing hydrogen peroxide. In addition, the catalytic ramsdellite MnO2(R-MnO2) inner layer is decorated with Fe2O3 nanoparticles to improve their catalytic performance, contributing to an excellent degradation ability with 90% tetracycline (TC) removal in 50 minutes by enhanced Fenton-like reactions. Combining the attractive adsorption capability of poly (aspartic acid) (PASP), the composite micromotors offer an efficient removal of heavy metal ions in short time. Moreover, the designed micromotors are able to simultaneously remove antibiotic and heavy metals in mixed contaminants circumstance just in single treatment. This multifunctional micromotor with distinctive decontamination ability exhibits a promising prospective in treating multiple pollutants in the future. 相似文献
38.
39.
Physical aging in amorphous poly(ethylene furanoate): Enthalpic recovery,density, and oxygen transport considerations 下载免费PDF全文
Steven K. Burgess Christopher R. Mubarak Robert M. Kriegel William J. Koros 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2015,53(6):389-399
The current work utilizes three separate techniques to study the physical aging process in amorphous poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF), which is a recently introduced engineering thermoplastic with enhanced properties compared to petroleum‐sourced poly(ethylene terephthalate). Differential scanning calorimetry aging experiments were conducted at multiple aging temperatures and times, and the resultant enthalpic recovery values compared to the theoretical maximum enthalpy loss evaluated from calculations involving extrapolation of the equilibrium liquid line. Density measurements reveal densification of the matrix for the aged versus unaged samples, and provide an estimate for the reduction in free volume for the aged samples. Complementary oxygen permeation and pressure‐decay sorption experiments provide independent verification of the free volume reduction mechanism for physical aging in glassy polymers. The current work provides the first detailed aging study for PEF. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 389–399 相似文献
40.
A new asymmetric Salamo‐based ligand H2L was synthesized using 3‐tert‐butyl‐salicylaldehyde and 6‐methoxy‐2‐[O‐(1‐ethyloxyamide)]‐oxime‐1‐phenol. By adjusting the ratio of the ligand H2L and Cu (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) ions, mononuclear, dinuclear, and trinuclear transition metal (II) complexes, [Cu(L)], [{Co(L)}2], and [{Ni(L)(CH3COO)(CH3CH2OH)}2Ni] with the ligand H2L possessing completely different coordination modes were obtained, respectively. The optical spectra of ligand H2L and its Cu (II), Co (II) and Ni (II) complexes were investigated. The Cu (II) complex is a mononuclear structure, and the Cu (II) atom is tetracoordinated to form a planar quadrilateral structure. The Co (II) complex is dinuclear, and the two Co (II) atoms are pentacoordinated and have coordination geometries of distorted triangular bipyramid. The Ni (II) complex is a trinuclear structure, and the terminal and central Ni (II) atoms are all hexacoordinated, forming distorted octahedral geometries. Furthermore, optical properties including UV–Vis, IR, and fluorescence of the Cu (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) complexes were investigated. Finally, the antibacterial activities of the Cu (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) complexes were explored. According to the experimental results, the inhibitory effect was found to be enhanced with increasing concentrations of the Cu (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) complexes. 相似文献