公交车场挥发性有机物暴露水平的GC-MS测定

空气中的挥发性有机物(volatileorganiccompounds,VOCs)日益受到大家的关注,这不仅因为它们具有强烈的环境效应,而且在较高浓度下可直接危害人体健康。研究表明机动车尾气已成为广州市区VOCs的主要来源,街区VOCs的暴露水平高于北美和欧洲的一些国家。目前很多研究报道了广州公共场所,如街道、商场等地的VOCs暴露水平,公交车场内的VOCs在广州还少有报道,本研究选择了广州某室内公交车场研究其VOCs的暴露水平。     

吹扫捕集–气相色谱–质谱法同时测定环境水中101种挥发性有机物

建立吹扫捕集–气相色谱–质谱联用法测定环境水中101种常见挥发性有机物(VOCs)的方法。通过加热吹扫,样品水中的VOCs富集于捕集管中,以DB–624(60 m×0.25 mm,1.4μm)色谱柱分离,内标法定量。结果表明,101种挥发性有机物(VOCs)色谱分离效果良好,质量浓度在0.5~50 ng/mL范围内与色谱峰面积均呈线性关系,高沸点VOCs线性范围较窄。方法定量限(10 S/N)为0.11~0.77 ng/mL,均低于GB 3838–2002《地表水环境质量标准》、GB 5749–2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》及国外相关标准的限值。平均加标回收率在70.3%~123.6%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于8.8%(n=6)。该方法快速、简便,适用于环境水中挥发性有机化合物的分析检测。     

Multivariate optimization and HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis of VOCs in red, yellow and purple varieties of Capsicum chinense sp. peppers

Peppers are used not only in cookery, but also in many other applications, like cosmetic, pharmaceutical and nourishing industry. The chemical composition of peppers is quite complex and several volatile and non-volatile substances contribute to their flavor, which is an important sensorial propriety. In this work a headspace/solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry method was developed to evaluate the profiles of volatile compounds that contribute to the aroma of red, yellow and purple varieties of Capsicum chinense sp. peppers. The optimization of the extraction conditions was carried out using multivariate strategies such as factorial design and response surface methodology. The GC-MS analysis allowed the tentative identification of 34 compounds, with similarities higher than 85%, in accordance with the NIST mass spectral library. The data obtained by the analysis of volatile compounds, according to the proposed method, were treated with PCA chemometrics tool in order to group different varieties of C. chinense sp. peppers with similar VOC profiles. Amongst the most abundant VOCs, hexyl ester of pentanoic acid, dimethylcyclohexanols, humulene and esters of butanoic acid were found. Principal component analysis turned possible to visualize the grouping tendencies of the studied varieties of pepper, as well as the identification of the volatile compounds responsible for discriminating the three groups. Considering the fact that many species of peppers are used as human food, the significance of this work is further emphasized by its applicability to the study of food quality indicators, and as a tool for investigations on the composition of the pepper sources.     

纳米晶粒钙钛矿型La1-xSrx CoO3催化剂的制备及其对VOCs催化燃烧的研究

以共沉淀法制备出了纳米晶粒钙钛矿型LaCoO3和La0.8Sr0.2CoO3催化剂，并考察了其对VOCs的催化燃烧性能，实验结果表明该类催化剂对单一VOC和混合VOCs均有很好的催化活性，而La0.8Sr0.2CoO3的催化活性要比LaCoO3的催化活性更好；在混合VOCs催化燃烧的试验中，三种有机物的易氧化性依次为正丙醇＞甲苯＞环己烷，达到99％的转化率时，环己烷的反应温度则比甲苯的反应温度要低约40℃，同时催化剂100h稳定性试验和表征结果表明，La1-xSrxCoO3（x=0、0.2）钙钛矿型催化剂有着很好的结构稳定性．     

Chromatographic analysis of VOC patterns in exhaled breath from smokers and nonsmokers

Cigarette smoking harms nearly every organ of the body and causes many diseases. The analysis of exhaled breath for exogenous and endogenous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can provide fundamental information on active smoking and insight into the health damage that smoke is creating. Various exhaled VOCs have been reported as typical of smoking habit and recent tobacco consumption, but to date, no eligible biomarkers have been identified. Aiming to identify such potential biomarkers, in this pilot study we analyzed the chemical patterns of exhaled breath from 26 volunteers divided into groups of nonsmokers and subgroups of smokers sampled at different periods of withdrawal from smoking. Solid‐phase microextraction technique and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry methods were applied. Many breath VOCs were identified and quantified in very low concentrations (ppbv range), but only a few (toluene, pyridine, pyrrole, benzene, 2‐butanone, 2‐pentanone and 1‐methyldecyclamine) were found to be statistically significant variables by Mann–Whitney test. In our analysis, we did not consider the predictive power of individual VOCs, as well as the criterion of uniqueness for biomarkers suggests, but we used the patterns of the only statistically significant compounds. Probit prediction model based on statistical relevant VOCs‐patterns showed that assessment of smoking status is heavily time dependent. In a two‐class classifier model, it is possible to predict with high specificity and sensitivity if a subject is a smoker who respected 1 hour of abstinence from smoking (short‐term exposure to tobacco) or a smoker (labelled "blank smoker") after a night out of smoking (long‐term exposure to tobacco). On the other side, in our study "blank smokers" are more like non‐smokers so that the two classes cannot be well distinguished and the corresponding prediction results showed a good sensitivity but low selectivity.     

Recent developments in analytical ion trap mass spectrometry

The current status of quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry is reviewed, with particular emphasis on liquid chromatographic coupling, membrane inlet introduction, laser desorption/ionisation and selective chemical ionisation. The flexibility, high sensitivity and multi-stage tandem mass spectrometric capability of the quadrupole ion trap are all illustrated.     

自制的SPME装置与GC-MS联用测定室内空气中的挥发性有机化合物

用直接进样、固相萃取进样和自制的固相微萃取（SPME）装置进样与气相色谱（GC）及GC—MS联用检测了室内空气中的挥发性有机污染物，对影响SPME操作条件进行了优化。使用的方法在所测范围内具有良好的线性（相关系数为0．968～0．991），检出限达0．3—2、3μg/L，相对标准偏差均小于7％，回收牢为95％～111％。结果表明：自制的SPME装置操作简单、快速、安全，准确度、灵敏度优于其它两种方法。     

Organic vapour sensing using localized surface plasmon resonance spectrum of metallic nanoparticles self assemble monolayer

The response of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectra of gold and silver nanoparticles, and gold nanoshells to organic vapors was investigated. The surface area of nanomaterials was sufficiently high for quantitative adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Surface adsorption and condensation of VOCs caused the environmental refractive index to increase from n = 1.00 in pure air to as high as n = 1.29 in near saturated toluene vapor. The extinction and wavelength shift of the LSPR spectra were very sensitive to changes in the surface refractive index of the nanoparticles. Responses of the LSPR band were measured with a real-time UV-vis spectrometer equipped with a CCD array detector. The response of silver nanoparticles to organic vapors was most sensitive in changes in extinction, while gold nanoshells exhibited red-shifts in wavelength (∼250 nm/RIU) when exposed to organic vapors. The LSPR spectral shifts primarily were determined by the volatility and refractive indices of the organic species. The T₉₀ response time of the VOC-LSPR spectrum was less than 3 s and the response was completely reversible and reproducible.     

A dynamic dilution system-based evaluation of the procedure adopted for determining ozone precursor volatile compounds

A dynamic dilution system was created to evaluate the performance and the reliability of ozone precursor volatile organic compound (VOC) sampling (TO-Can canisters) and analysis (thermal desorption/gas chromatography/flame ionisation detection) techniques used by the Laboratoire Interrégional de Chimie du Grand Est (LIC). Different atmospheres of VOCs were generated at concentrations between 0.8 and 25 ppb, with temperatures of 0, 10, 20 and 30 °C, and with relative humidities of 0, 30, 50, 70 and 90%. These conditions are generally representative of those commonly observed in ambient air in the eastern France. This dynamic dilution allows the simulation of a wide range of scenarios (concentrations, temperatures and relative humidities). After assessing the capacity and performance of the system, it was applied in order to evaluate the recoveries and stabilities of VOCs from canisters used for the collection and analysis of two mixtures of VOCs. The first mixture contained six alkanes (ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane and heptane), and the second contained five alkenes (ethene, propene, butene, 1-pentene and 1-hexene), five aromatics (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene and o-xylene), acetylene, and 1,3-butadiene. No significant losses of alkanes from the canisters were observed after 21 days of storage, and good recoveries of alkanes from the canisters (>80%) were obtained regardless of the concentration, the temperature and the relative humidity. However, losses of certain aromatics were noted at low relative humidity.     

香蒲基生物炭的活化及对VOCs吸附的应用

以香蒲为原料制备生物炭(Biochar), 并用不同试剂进行活化. 活化前的Biochar比表面积和孔体积很小, 分别为1.71 m²/g和0.00421 cm³/g, 而活化后的Biochar比表面积和孔容均增大, 其中经碳酸钠（Na₂CO₃）活化后的Biochar比表面积和孔容最大. 研究了Na₂CO₃与Biochar的质量比对其活化的影响, 确定了Na₂CO₃/Biochar最佳质量比为3∶1条件下, 得到的样品Biochar-Na₂CO₃-3具有最优的表面积和孔容, 分别为624 m²/g和0.211 cm³/g, 并具有优异的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)吸附性能, 其正己烷、 甲苯和92号汽油的静态吸附容量分别为1.03, 0.814和0.751 g/g, 正己烷和甲苯的动态吸附容量分别为1.00和0.796 g/g, 且吸附稳定性相对较高, 优于商业用活性炭(AC)和硅胶(SG).