Rearrangement during cyclisation of some 3-(2-pyrrolyl) propionic acids and related compounds

Cyclisation of the title compounds leads to mixtures of the expected 4H-cyclopental[b]pyrrol-4-ones (1), the corresponding 6-ones (3) by a single rearrangement, and the cyclopenta[c]pyrrol-4-ones (4) by a double rearrangement, the proportions depending upon the substituents.The ¹H NMR spectra of 2-methyl-4H-cyctopenta[b]thiophen-6-one (3f) shows 6J long range $\text{CH}{}_3\text{CH}{}_2$ coupling, but this is absent in the corresponding pyrroles (3c,d). The ¹³C spectra of 1 and 3 cannot be interpreted on the basis of substituent chemical shifts in pyrroles and thiophens, and are clearly -CH = CH-X (X = NMe, NPh, S) bridged derivatives of cyclopent-2-enone.     

Calculation of harmonic force constants,vibrational frequencies and integrated intensities of some organic molecules using the MINDO—Forces method

The harmonic force constants, vibrational frequencies and integrated intensity ratios of CH₂, H₂O, CH₂O, C₂H₂, CO₂, HCN, CH₃, CH₄, and C₂H₄ have been calculated using the MINDO—FORCES program and the Pulay method for the calculation of the molecular force constants. The results obtained are in general quite satisfactory when compared with available literature values. The results are, however, not as satisfactory in case of molecules containing heteroatoms, due to the neglect of some dipolar repulsion integrals for the heteroatoms by the MINDO/3 method. Calculated integrated intensities for CH₃ and C₂H₄ agree well with experimental results. The calculated integrated intensities for other molecules are obtained for the first time and no comparison with published data is therefore possible.Part of the M.Sc. Thesis of K. H. A. 1978.     

有机分子与聚电解质静电吸附成膜特性研究

选取多种有机分子及聚电解质，采用静电吸附自组装法制备了聚电解质，聚电解质、聚电解质，有机分子、有机分子，有机分子的复合薄膜，讨论了这些体系的静电吸附成膜特性及其成膜机理．     

1,3,3—三甲基—2—[β—（5—取代苯基—2—呋喃基）乙烯基]—3H—吲哚盐的合成

1,3,3- 三甲基-2-[β-(4-取代苯基)乙烯基]-3H-吲哚盐是熟知的聚甲川型染料,常由费歇尔碱与芳香醛制备,也可由该碱的季铵盐一步合成。但这些方法往往需要使用较昂贵的溶剂,有的尚未分出染料纯品.近年来这类染料获得许多新的用途,如作光敏电照相记录材料和电照相增感剂等.本文考察了碘化1,2,3,3-四甲基-3H-吲哚(Ⅰ)与5-取     

Effective removal of chlorinated organic pollutants by bimetallic iron-nickel sulfide activation of peroxydisulfate

Chlorinated organic pollutants(COPs) have caused serious contaminants in soil and groundwater,hence developing methods to remove these pollutants is necessary and urgent.By a simple hydrothermal method,we synthesized the bimetallic iron-nickel sulfide(FeNiS) particles which exhibited excellent catalytic property of COPs removal.FeNiS was chosen as the peroxydisulfate(PDS) activator to removal COPs including 4-chlorophenol(4-CP),1,4-dichlorophenol(1,4-DCP) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol(2,4,6-TCP).The results show that FeNiS can efficiently activate PDS to produce sulfate radical(SO_4~(·-)) which plays major role in the oxidative dechlorination and degradation due to its strong oxidizing property and the ability of producing hydroxyl radicals(~·OH) in the alkaline condition.Meanwhile,the Cl-abscised from COPs during the dechlorination can turn into the chlorine radicals and enhance the degradation and cause further mineralization of intermediate products.This bimetallic FeNiS catalyst is a promising PDS activator for removal of chlorinated organics.     

Uptake of weathered p,p′-DDE by plant species effective at accumulating soil elements

Ten plant species previously shown to accumulate inorganic elements effectively from natural solids were grown under field conditions in p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p′-DDE) contaminated soil. The plant species, which included rye, mustard, canola, vetch, pigeonpea, clover, peanut, and 3 cultivars of white lupin, represented both monocots and dicots, as well as two major families within the dicots: the Brassicaceae and the Fabaceae. The plants varied widely in their ability to phytoextract and translocate weathered p,p′-DDE. The percentage of contaminant phytoextracted ranged from 0.06% (white lupin) to 0.22% (clover, vetch), and the translocation factors (TF; contaminant concentration ratio of stems to roots) ranged from 0.04 (clover, white lupin) to 0.37 (canola). An inverse relationship exists between the amount of contaminant in the roots as measured by the root BCF (bioconcentration factor; dry weight contaminant concentration ratio of root to soil) and the TF. Duplicate mounds of each species were periodically amended with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), nitrogen and phosphorus together (N/P); a minus phosphorus treatment involved the addition of AlSO₄ to the soil prior to planting. The effect of nutrient regime on plant biomass, p,p′-DDE uptake and translocation, and inorganic element content varied greatly among the 10 plant species. For some species (rye, vetch, pigeonpea, clover, white lupin), reductions or non-significant changes in p,p′-DDE uptake were observed under the nutrient treatments and were not correlated with plant biomass effects. For mustard, canola, and peanut, the percentage of p,p′-DDE phytoextracted in the various treatments was more than doubled and was directly correlated with a two-fold increase in total plant biomass. Although it is generally assumed that fertilizer amendments will enhance the phytoremediation of organic and inorganic pollutants, the data here suggest that such effects are highly species specific and in some cases may actually decrease remediation potential.     

CHARACTERIZATION OF RADIATION GRAFT COPOLYMER OF INORGANIC COMPOUND ONTO ALKENE

ＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＲＡＤＩＡＴＩＯＮＧＲＡＦＴＣＯＰＯＬＹＭＥＲＯＦＩＮＯＲＧＡＮＩＣＣＯＭＰＯＵＮＤＯＮＴＯＡＬＫＥＮＥＺｈａｎｇＷａｎｘｉ；ＣｈｅＪｉｔａｉ；ＹａｎＭｅｉｌａｎ（ＣｈａｎｇｃｈｕｎｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｐｐｌｉ...     

离线超临界流体萃取和气相色谱/质谱联用对实验室内空气中气相有机污染物的测试

通过团体吸附剂富集，再用超临界ＣＯ２脱附后用气相色谱及质谱技术对实验室内空气中气相有机污染物进行了考察。文中对采样和萃取条件进行了优化，并与热脱附所得结果做了比较。结果表明在２２ＭＰａ，８０℃时，用甲醇改性的超临界ＣＯ２进行萃取的结果优于热脱附法。该法鉴定出气相有机污染物中５２个组分，占色谱峰总面积的９９．６％。     

Enhancing the organic dye adsorption on porous xerogels

We investigate the adsorption of four different organic dyes (i.e., methyl orange, alizarin red S, brilliant blue FCF, and phenol red) on porous xerogels. To understand the factors affecting the adsorption capacity of the xerogels, we vary the hydrophobicity and the textural properties of the xerogels as well as the solution pH. We control the hydrophobicity by mixing two different precursors (i.e., vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)) and the textural properties by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a templating agent. We find that the adsorption capacity is enhanced as the organic/inorganic hybrid xerogel or the templated xerogel is used instead of the purely inorganic or the untemplated xerogel. In all the cases studied, adsorption decreases as the pH is increased due to the electrostatic repulsion between the dyes and the xerogel surface. We find that both the hydrophobic surface and larger pore size/volume are required to enhance the adsorption capacity significantly.     

气相色谱法测定饮料酒中的低沸点有机酸

在非质子极性溶剂-二甲基乙酰胺中,室温下用碘乙烷与C_1—C_6脂肪酸及乳酸的四甲基铵盐反应制备各酸相应的乙酯。乙酯在15%的邻苯二甲酸二壬酯与6%的土温-80混合固定液填充柱上获得满意分离。用本法测定饮料酒中的低沸点有机酸含量,简便、快速、准确。