十八胺修饰镍微球的制备与表征

采用热分解方法,以醋酸镍为前驱体,以表面活性剂十八胺为溶剂、还原剂和稳定剂,在镍纳米微粒初生成时进行原位表面修饰,制备出接近单分散的镍微球.采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪等分析了产物的尺寸、形貌、晶体结构及成分.结果表明,所制备的镍微球具有面心立方结构,由分散性良好、尺寸为300～400nm的纳米微粒组成;其在有机介质中具有良好的分散性,同时保持磁性纳米微粒的特性,可望用于电磁屏蔽材料和吸波材料.     

氢氧化镍/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的溶剂热法制备及电容性能

采用溶剂热法制备了氢氧化镍/多壁碳纳米管[Ni(OH)2/MWCNTs]复合纳米材料;借助X射线衍射仪和透射电镜分析了产物的结构和形貌,利用循环伏安测试测定了复合材料的电容特性.结果表明:片状β-Ni(OH)2较好地附着在MWCNTs上;复合样品的循环伏安行为明显有别于空白样品Ni(OH)2,峰电流较高.这表明引入MWCNTs可改善Ni(OH)2的电化学性能.与此同时,当MWCNTs的质量分数为10%时,相应的Ni(OH)2/MWCNTs复合物的氧化还原峰电位差最小,循环可逆性最佳.     

2，5-二甲基对苯醌二亚胺与烷氧基苯共聚物的合成及性能表征

通过金属配合物催化法,在1,3-双（二苯基膦）丙烷二氯化镍（1I）存在的条件下,合成了2,5-二甲基对苯醌二亚胺与不同碳数的碘代烷氧基苯的3种共聚物。通过FT—IR、^1H—NMR、UV—Vis、循环伏安（CV）、XRD和凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）等测试手段对其进行了表征。结果表明：3种共聚物在三氟乙酸（TFA）溶液中的紫外可见最大吸收波长分别在517、576、651nm处;该类共聚物均在-0．2～0．8V出现两对氧化还原峰;共聚物的规整度较高,衍射峰的位置在19．6v～23．5°。     

All Solid State Nickel(II)‐Selective Potentiometric Sensor Based on an Upper Rim Substituted Calixarene

A new ionophore, i.e. p‐(2‐thiazolazo)calix[4]arene ( I ) has been explored for its selective behavior towards Ni(II) ions. A poly(vinyl chloride) based membrane containing ( I ) as an electroactive material along with sodiumtetraphenylborate (NaTPB), and nitrophenyloctyl ether in the ratio 10 : 100 : 3 : 150 (I:PVC:NaTPB:NPOE) (w/w) was used to fabricate an all solid state nickel(II)‐selective sensor. The developed sensor exhibited a working concentration range of 1.0×10^?6–1.0×10^?1 M, with a Nernstian slope of 28.9±1.0 mV/decade of activity and a response time of 10–15 s. This sensor shows a detection limit of 9.0×10^?7 M. Its potential response remains unaffected of pH in the range 3.0–7.6, and the cell assembly could be used successfully in partially nonaqueous medium (up to 10 % v/v) without any significant change in the slope value or the working concentration range. The sensor worked satisfactorily for about ten weeks and exhibited excellent selectivity over a number of mono‐, bi‐, and tri‐valent cations including alkali, alkaline earth metal, and transition metal ions. It could be used as an indicator electrode for the end point determination in the potentiometric titration of nickel ions against ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as well as for the determination of nickel ion concentration in real samples.     

Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的2-MF气相加氢合成2-MTHF性能研究

2-甲基四氢呋喃(2-MTHF)是极具市场潜力的生物燃料、绿色溶剂和化学中间体.采用浸渍法制备Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂,在固定床反应器评价其2-甲基呋喃(2-MF)气相加氢合成2-甲基四氢呋喃(2-MTHF)反应性能.通过XRD、N2等温吸附-脱附、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD、TEM、H2吸附和XPS对催化剂结构和表面性质进行表征,研究Ni负载量、焙烧温度和反应条件对催化剂性能的影响规律.结果表明:Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的Ni金属面积、晶粒尺寸、反应温度和压力都会影响2-MF的转化率;孔结构、酸量和反应温度是影响2-MTHF选择性的主要原因,平均孔径大、酸量大和适宜的反应温度有利于提高2-MTHF选择性. 400℃焙烧的负载量为15%的Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂, Ni金属面积大、晶粒尺寸小、总酸量多,催化剂表面的金属活性中心与酸性中心协同作用促进了2-MF呋喃环上C=C加氢生成2-MTHF,性能较优.在2 MPa、100℃、WHSV=2.7 h-1、H2/2-MF=6.4的条件下,该催化剂上2-MF转化率为99.8%, 2-MTHF选择性为98.0%,催化剂可以稳定运行40 h.     

N-苯基亚氨基二乙酸镍二维网状配合物的合成及结构表征(英)

A new nickel(Ⅱ) coordination compound [Ni(L^2-)(2,2′-bipy)(H₂O)]·2H₂O (H₂L=phenyliminodiacetic acid) was obtained by self-assembly of phenyliminodiacetic acid, 2,2′-bipy, and NiCl₂·6H₂O in the mixed solvent of water and ethanol (V∶V=1∶1). The complex was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, and X-ray crystallography analysis. The crystal is monoclinic, space group P2₁ /c with a=0.867 4(2) nm, b=0.907 3(1) nm, c=2.643 5(5) nm, β=91.01(1)°, V=2.080 2(4) nm³, Z=4, F(000)=992, D_c=1.520 Mg·m^-3, R₁=0.027 0 and wR₂=0.067 5. In the complex, nickel (Ⅱ) atom is coordinated with a distorted octahedral geometry and extensive hydrogen bonds link the complexes into a 2D network structure. CCDC: 244926.     

在充放电循环过程中Ni/MH电池正负极的结构和性能变化

本文对在连续进行充放电循环过程中Ni/MH电池的放电容量、中值电压与循环周期的关系以及电池正负极结构和性能的变化进行了研究。结果表明：电池在循环过程中正极活性物质基本构型未变化，而负极储氢合金表面逐渐生成了La(OH)₃、Al(OH)₃、LiMnO₂，正负极活性物质随循环次数的增加不断发生粉化，这些都是导致Ni/MH电池放电性能下降的主要因素。     

Catalytic dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol by Ni/Fe nanoparticles prepared in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation

In this study, nickle/iron (Ni/Fe) nanoparticles were synthesized by liquid phase reductive method in the presence of 20 kHz ultrasonic irradiation to improve nanoparticles’ disparity and avoid agglomeration. The characterized results showed that this method has obviously modified most of the particles in term of sizes and specific surface areas. Meanwhile, the improved nanoscale Ni/Fe particles were employed for the reductive dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) as a function of some influential factors (Ni content, Ni/Fe nanoparticles dosage, reaction temperature and initial pH values) and degradation path. Experimental results showed that 2,4-DCP was first adsorbed by Ni/Fe nanoparticles, then quickly reduced to o-chlorophenol (o-CP), p-chlorophenol (p-CP), and finally to phenol (P). The application of ultrasonic irradiation for Ni/Fe nanoparticles synthesis was found to significantly enhance the removal efficiency of 2,4-DCP. Consequently, the phenol production rates increased from 68% (in the absence of ultrasonic irradiation) to 87% (in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation) within 180 min. Nearly 96% of 2,4-DCP was removed after 300 min reaction with these optimized conditions: Ni content over Fe⁰ 3 wt%, initial 2,4-DCP concentration 20 mg L⁻¹, Ni/Fe dosage 3 g L⁻¹, initial pH value 3.0, and reaction temperature 25 °C. The degradation of 2,4-DCP followed pseudo-first-order kinetics reaction and the apparent pseudo-first-order kinetics constant was 0.0737 min⁻¹. This study suggested that the presence of ultrasonic irradiation in the synthesis of nanoscale Ni/Fe particles could be a promising technique to enhance nanoparticle’s disparity and avoid agglomeration.     

锌酸钙负极材料的水热法制备及其性能研究

采用水热法,合成了锌酸钙电极材料,制备成电极并组装成模拟锌镍电池．采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析、粒度分析、红外光谱以及模拟电池的充放电等方法,对制备出的样品进行了表征．结果表明该方法制备的锌酸钙具有不规则的晶形、较小的粒径和较少的结晶水．模拟锌镍电池的充放电实验表明该样品材料具有良好的电极材料性能：以该锌酸钙为负极活性物质的模拟锌镍电池具有较低的充电电压、较高的放电平台和优良的循环性能．     

Silica gel-polyethylene glycol as a new adsorbent for solid phase extraction of cobalt and nickel and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

In this paper a novel solid phase extraction method to determine Co(II) and Ni(II) using silica gel-polyethylene glycol (Silica-PEG) as a new adsorbent is described. The method is based on the adsorption of cobalt and nickel ions in alkaline media on polyethylene glycol-silica gel in a mini-column, elution with nitric acid and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The adsorption conditions such as NaOH concentration, sample volume and amount of adsorbent were optimized in order to achieve highest sensitivity. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 0.5-200.0 ng mL⁻¹ for Co(II) and 2.0-100.0 ng mL⁻¹ for Ni(II) in the initial solution. The limit of detection based on 3S_b was 0.37 ng mL⁻¹ for Co(II) and 0.71 ng mL⁻¹ for Ni(II). The relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) for ten replicate measurements of 40 ng mL⁻¹ of Co(II), and Ni(II) were 3.24 and 3.13%, respectively. The method was applied to determine Co(II) and Ni(II) in black tea, rice flour, sesame seeds, tap water and river water samples.