高温超导涂层导体CeO2缓冲层的化学溶液法制备及其热反应过程研究

本文通过化学溶液法在双轴织构的金属Ni-W衬底上外延生长了CeO2超导涂层导体缓冲层薄膜.X衍射极图表明其面内外织构良好.扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜观察薄膜表面光滑、平整且粗糙度低.采用差热分析研究了升温速率及样品质量对前驱溶液热反应过程的影响,结果表明其热反应主要经历了三个过程,其中吸附水的脱去和醋酸组的解离分别发生在110～140℃与230～240℃两个温度范围内,且受升温速率的影响很小,表明这两个反应都在较短的时间内完成.而发生在250～500℃温度段的氧化合成反应则需要较长的时间,其反应结束温度与升温速率近似成线性增加.X衍射分析进一步证实了上述三个热反应过程,当温度达到700℃时CeO2可以得到完好的结晶.     

Effect of temperature on the anisotropy of AZ31 magnesium alloy rolling sheet under high strain rate deformation

In order to investigate the effect of temperature on the anisotropic behaviour of AZ31 magnesium alloy rolling sheet under high strain rate deformation, the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar was used to analyse the dynamic mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy rolling sheet in three directions, rolling direction(RD), transverse direction (TD) and normal direction (ND). The texture of the rolling sheet was characterised by X-ray analysis and the microstructure prior and after high strain rate deformation was observed by optical microscope (OM). The results demonstrated that AZ31magnesium alloy rolling sheet has strong initial {0?0?0?2} texture, which resulted at the obvious anisotropy in high strain rate deformation at 20 °C. The anisotropy reflected in stress–strain curve, yield stress, peak stress and microstructure. The anisotropy became much weaker when the deformation temperature increased up to 250 °C. Continuing to increase the deformation temperature to 350 °C the anisotropy of AZ31 rolling sheet essentially disappeared. The decreasing tendency of anisotropy with increasing temperature was due to the fact that when the deformation temperature increased, the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) for pyramidal 〈c + a〉 slip, which was the predominant slip mechanism for ND, decreased close to that of twinning, which was the predominant deformation mechanism for RD and TD. The deformation mechanism at different directions and temperatures and the Schmid factor (SF) at different directions were discussed in the present paper.     

具有分子间氢键的刚性长侧链液晶高分子的合成

主链液晶高分子材料力学性能的各向异性,限制了其作为结构材料的应用和发展^[1].含马来酸酐共聚物(如与乙烯、异丁烯、十八碳烯、苯乙烯和氯乙烯等交替、无规结构共聚物,其中马来酸酐质量分数为5%～50%)是一种耐热性和加工性优良的树脂.     

Textural Properties of Densified Aerogels

Base catalysed silica aerogels have been densified using both an isostatic pressure and a thermal treatment. The density range investigated corresponds to 0.186–0.65. Textural properties such as the specific surface area and the pore size distribution are analysed as a function of the sample's bulk density, using the N2 adsorption-desorption technique. A comparison between specific surface areas obtained previously by small angle X-ray scattering is done. Experiments show that the isostatic pressure leads to materials having a narrow pore size distribution while the specific surface area remains unchanged.     

An evaluation of the Larson-Doi model for liquid crystalline polymers using recoil

The mesoscopic models for the rheological properties of liquid crystalline polymers proposed by Larson and Doi in 1991 and Kawaguchi and Denn in 1999 are based on phenomenological expressions that describe the evolution of the defect density and the contribution of the “texture” to the stress. In the present work, we attempt to assess some of these assumptions by monitoring how the energy stored in the texture of liquid crystalline materials evolves during shear flows. For that purpose, strain recovery is measured as a function of the applied strain for flow reversal and intermittent flow. Solutions of poly-benzylglutamate in m-cresol, hydroxypropylcellulose in water and a nematic surfactant solution are used as model systems. Although the behaviour is described qualitatively by the model, discrepancies between the predictions and the experiments are observed, especially when the shear history includes rest periods. Received: 14 July 1999 /Accepted: 30 August 1999     

Studies on Liquid Crystalline Bis[4-(p-phenoxy)-phenylbenzoate]-Alkyldicarboxylate

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含氧化偶氮苯介晶基元共聚醚的合成与液晶行为

以1,6-二溴己烷(A)和1,10-二溴癸烷(B)为共缩聚单体,按不同摩尔配比与4,4'-二羟基氧化偶氮苯经相转移催化共聚醚化反应,合成了一系列主链上含有氧化偶氮苯介晶基元的共聚醚,它们均有好的液晶性,其取向膜观察到条带织构,当A/B的摩尔比为1时液晶态范围最宽。     

Effects of Fructose and Oligofructose Addition on Milk Fermentation Using Novel Lactobacillus Cultures to Obtain High-Quality Yogurt-like Products

The incorporation of prebiotics in fermented milk products is one of the best ways to promote health benefits while improving their sensory characteristics at the same time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of fructose and oligofructose (1% and 2%) on the physicochemical, rheological, sensory, and microbiological quality attributes of fermented milk products inoculated with indigenous probiotic starter cultures of Lactobacillus isolated from Polish traditional fermented foods. The samples were evaluated during 35 days of refrigerated storage. The oligofructose and fructose caused increases in the populations of bacteria in comparison to the control fermented milk products without the addition of saccharides. The degrees of acidification in different fermented milk samples, as well as their viscosity, firmness, syneresis, and color attributes, changed during storage. The highest overall sensory quality levels were observed for the samples supplemented with L. brevis B1 and oligofructose. This study is the first attempt to compare the influences of different sugar sources on the physicochemical, rheological, sensory, and microbiological quality attributes of fermented milk products.     

往复条件下织构表面的摩擦学性能研究

为研究往复运动条件下织构表面的润滑减摩性能,选取销-盘式摩擦副,考察了0%、7%、11%和20% 4种织构密度在不同的速度下对摩擦系数的影响规律。结果表明：表面织构的引入使摩擦副在较低的速度下进入流体润滑区域,扩大了流体润滑区域的范围,这与摩擦副在相对转动条件下的结论一致;处于流体润滑区域的织构表面的摩擦系数不一定小于同等工况条件下处于混合润滑区域的无织构表面的摩擦系数;当无织构表面处于流体润滑区域时,试验所涉及的同等工况条件下的不同织构密度表面反而增大了摩擦系数。研究结果也说明了在对表面织构进行摩擦学设计时,应当考虑摩擦副的运动形式因素。     

Occurrence of Both Sinusoidal and Zigzag Supermolecular Structures Associated with Band Textures in a Liquid Crystalline Polymer

Band textures are observed in a precipitation film from a presheared poly(1,4-phenylene terephthalamide) solution, a typical lyotropic main-chain polymeric liquid crystal. By polarized optical microscopy (POM) studies and in the same specimen system, both sinusoidal and zigzag supermolecular structures associated with band textures are found, according to the comparison between the experimental micrographs and the theoretical birefringence patterns. As a consequence, the present paper describes how to distinguish these two supermolecular structures merely by POM and demonstrates that both structure models are reasonable. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.