X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate the microstructure and phase separation of mixed multilayers of cadmium stearate (SA) and behenate (BA) deposited onto hydrophilic glass by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. No unitary fatty acid diffraction peaks in the XRD spectra of the mixed LB films, which reveals that domains in these samples are small and uniform. The interplanar spacing of the mixed LB films changes with the ratio of BA to SA in a step-shaped curve, which suggests that with the changing of the ratio between BA and SA, only three kinds of ordered structure form in the mixed system, and each microstructure, in particular, the short chains against long chains meshed microstructure can be maintained in a certain ratio range . In addition, for the meshed microstructure, the alkyl chains of both SA and BA stand straight or may have exactly the same small tilted angle from the substrate normal, as is indicated by the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibration of methylene (CH2) peaks which are at 2847.80 and 2914.37 cm-1respectively in the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) transmission spectra. The mixed system always goes through a longitudinal regularity decreasing process when BA/SA is out of the intermediate ratio range (BA/SA: 1/5-1/1), which is illustrated by the relative XRD intensity changing with the ratio of BA/ SA in a \W" shape. These results for the mixed LB films of BA/SA provide meaningful data for choosing the mixture ratio when fabricating composite films with special structure. 相似文献
The longitudinal ultrasonic velocity (Vl), attenuation (ffl), magnetization and resistivity of single phase polycrystalline La1=3Sr2=3CoO3 were measured as a function of temperature from 20 K to 300 K. The resistivity shows metallic behavior in the whole temperature range and a kink at 235 K was observed, which coincides with the ferromagnetic transition temperature (Tc). As the temperature cools down from Tc, the Vl softens conspicuously at beginning and reaches a minimum at 120 K. After that the Vl dramatically stiffens below 120 K accompanied by a wide attenuation peak. The analysis of the results suggests that these ultrasonic anomalies may correspond to local lattice distortions via the Jahn-Teller effect of intermediate spin Co3+. 相似文献
The elastic behavior of the polymer chain was investigated in a three-dimensional off-lattice model. We sample more than 109 conformations of each kind of polymer chain by using a Monte Carlo algorithm, then analyze them with the non-Gaussian theory of rubberlike elasticity, and end with a statistical study. Through observing the effect of the chain flexibility and the stretching ratio on the mean-square end-to-end distance, the average energy, the average Helmholtz free energy, the elastic force, the contribution of energy to the elastic force, and the entropy contribution to elastic force of the polymer chain, we find that a rigid polymer chain is much easier to stretch than a flexible polymer chain. Also, a rigid polymer chain will become difficult to stretch only at a quite high stretching ratio because of the effect of the entropy contribution. These results of our simulation calculation may explain some of the macroscopic phenomena of polymer and biomacromolecular elasticity. 相似文献
The electronic structure of finite and infinite linear, cyclic and M?bius strip polyacenes has been investigated by adopting
Hückel and semiempirical schemes. Using the Hückel approach, it turns out that the M?bius belting process modifies the highest
occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap in such a way its evolution with chain length
is similar to the linear polyacenes rather than their cyclic analogs. These results are corroborated at the Austin model 1
(AM1) level, where the geometry relaxation effects are taken into account. The optimized AM1 structures show that the M?bius
defect is localized and extends over a third of the ring. With respect to the Hückel approach, accounting for geometry distortion
at the AM1 levels results in an increase in the HOMO–LUMO gap of the M?bius strip relative to the linear and cyclic finite-size
structures. On the other hand, when including electron-hole correlation at the configuration interaction singles/Zerner's
intermediate neglect of differential overlap level the behavior with system size of the first excitation energy of cyclic
and M?bius polyacenes differs from their linear analogs and leads to smaller singlet excitation energies.
Received: 20 September 2000 / Accepted: 21 September 2000 / Published online: 28 February 2001 相似文献
The effectiveness of therapeutically used iron compounds is related to their physical and chemical properties. Four different iron compounds used in oral, intravenous, and intramuscular therapy have been examined by X-ray powder diffraction, iron-57 Mössbauer spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, BET surface area measurement, potentiometric titration and studied through dissolution kinetics determinations using acid, reducing and chelating agents. All compounds are nanosized with particle diameters, as determined by X-ray diffraction, ranging from 1 to 4.1 nm. The superparamagnetic blocking temperatures, as determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy, indicate that the relative diameters of the aggregates range from 2.5 to 4.1 nm. Three of the iron compounds have an akaganeite-like structure, whereas one has a ferrihydrite-like structure. As powders the particles form large and dense aggregates which have a very low surface area on the order of 1 m2?g?1. There is evidence, however, that in a colloidal solution the surface area is increased by two to three orders of magnitude, presumably as a result of the break up of the aggregates. Iron release kinetics by acid, chelating and reducing agents reflect the high surface area, the size and crystallinity of the particles, and the presence of the protective carbohydrate layer coating the iron compound. Within a physiologically relevant time period, the iron release produced by acid or large chelating ligands is small. In contrast, iron is rapidly mobilized by small organic chelating agents, such as oxalate, or by chelate-forming reductants, such as thioglycolate.