Tuning the Composition and Structure of Ni@MoC Nanosheets for Highly Active and Stable Electrocatalysis in Water Splitting

The conventional electrolytic water-splitting process for hydrogen production is plagued by high energy consumption, low efficiency, and the requirement of expensive catalysts. Therefore, finding effective, affordable, and stable catalysts to drive this reaction is urgently needed. We report a nanosheet catalyst composed of carbon nanotubes encapsulated with MoC/Mo₂C, the Ni@MoC-700 nanosheet showcases low overpotentials of 275 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction and 173 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction at a current density of 10 mA ⋅ cm⁻². Particularly noteworthy is its outstanding performance in a two-electrode system, where a cell potential of merely 1.64 V is sufficient to achieve the desired current density of 10 mA ⋅ cm⁻². Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrates exceptional durability, maintaining its activity over a continuous operation of 40 hours with only minimal attenuation in overpotential. These outstanding activity levels and long-term stability unequivocally highlight the promising potential of the Ni@MoC-700 catalyst for large-scale water-splitting applications.     

(Pr0.9La0.1)2(Ni0.74Cu0.21Ga0.05)O4+δ-Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ复合阴极的制备及电化学性质

采用EDTA-柠檬酸盐法制备了(Pr0.9La0.1)2(Ni0.74Cu0.21Ga0.05)O4+δ(PLNCG),并与Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ(CGO)形成复合阴极PLNCG-CGO。XRD和SEM分析结果表明PLNCG与CGO在1 000℃具有较好的化学相容性。电化学阻抗测试结果表明PLNCG-30%CGO复合阴极在700℃的极化电阻为0.092Ω·cm2;过电位为39.3 m V时,电流密度达到113.3 m A·cm-2。氧分压分析表明电极反应的速率控制步骤为电荷转移过程。阳极支撑单电池(Ni-CGO/CGO/PLNCG-30%CGO)在700℃的最大输出功率密度达到569 m W·cm-2,开路电压(OCV)为0.76 V。     

Surface Modification of a Magnetic SiO2 Support and Immobilization of a Nano-TiO2 Photocatalyst on It

This study presented an effective method to modify the surface chemical reactivity of a SiO₂/Fe₃O₄ support. The unmodified SiO₂/Fe₃O₄ support was prepared by the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethoxysilane on the surface of hydrophilic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. These were then modified by a heat treatment in an ethanol/water solution under reflux. The resulting samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission/scanning electron microscopy. The immobilization of a TiO₂ nanocatalyst on both unmodified and modified supports was performed to investigate the effects of the modification of the magnetic silica support on the loading of a TiO₂ nanocatalyst and the photocatalytic activity. The loading of TiO₂ and the photocatalytic activity were both improved.     

Non-enzymatic Glucose Biosensor Based on Cu/SWNTs Composite Film Fabricated by One-step Electrodeposition

Based on the adsorption of copper ions on single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs) in electrolyte, Cu/SWNTs nanocomposite film was initially prepared on indium-doped tin oxide(ITO) substrate by one-step electrodeposition. This method may provide a versatile and facile pathway to fabricate other SWNTs-supported metal composite films. Electrochemical experiments revealed that the obtained Cu/SWNTs/ITO electrode offered an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of glucose and could be applied to the construction of non-enzymatic glucose biosensor. The linear range of the sensor was 1.0×10–6 to 6.0×10–4 mol/L and the response time was within 2 s. Particularly, its sensitivity reached as high as 1434.67 μA·L·mmol–1·cm–2, which was superior to any other non-enzymatic glucose biosensor based on copper-carbon nanotubes electrode reported previously.     

Fano effect of a parallel-coupled triple Rashba quantum dot system

Using the nonequilibrium Keldysh Green's function technique, the Fano effect of a parallel-coupled triple Rashba quantum dot system is investigated. The conductance as a function of electron energy is numerically calculated. Compared with the case of a parallel-coupled double quantum dot system, two additional Fano resonance peaks occur in the conductance spectrum. By adjusting the structural parameters, the two Fano resonance peaks may change into the resonance peaks. In addition, the influence of Rashba spin-orbit interaction on the conductance is studied.     

平行耦合双量子点分子A-B干涉仪的电荷及其自旋输运

利用非平衡格林函数方法,理论研究每臂中嵌有一个平行耦合双量子点分子的A-B干涉仪(平行耦合双量子点分子A-B干涉仪)的电荷及其自旋输运性质.无外磁场时,与每臂中嵌有一个量子点的A-B干涉仪相比较,平行耦合双量子点分子A-B干涉仪中电子隧穿变得更加容易发生.当平行耦合双量子点分子A-B干涉仪中引入外磁场时,能够在电导能谱中观察到一个Fano共振和一个反共振,这两种输运状态在磁场取适当数值时能够同时消失.此外,通过调节左右两电极间的偏压、磁通和Rashba自旋轨道相互作用,可以对体系自旋输运进行调控.     

基于可见光通信的室内两点定位算法研究

针对可见光通信中基于接收信号强度的三边定位法在实际中难以应用的现状,提出一种基于可见光通信的室内两点定位模型,只需2个LED,能够克服定位需要多灯环境的限制,同时定位接收端结构简单,不需以往研究中的复杂设计,只在平面上配置3个光电探测器即可。利用收发两端的位置关系计算坐标的可能解,以光电探测器组合成的三角形具有相对位置不变的性质作为判据,判断出真实坐标完成单点定位,最后进行加权定位提升鲁棒性。不降噪处理时,大小适中的接收端在5m×3m×3m的室内环境中,55%以上区域的定位精度在25cm以内,同时能够有效克服接收端水平旋转或上下抖动对定位效果的影响,具备实际应用价值。     

利用双模板剂的多级孔ZSM-11分子筛的合成、表征和催化性能

ZSM-11与ZSM-5分子筛具有相似的孔道结构,通常表现出相似的催化性能,但近年来的研究发现,ZSM-11分子筛在某些反应过程具有明显优于ZSM-5的催化性能,因而逐渐引起科研界和工业界的广泛重视.但受其微孔尺寸的限制,在使用过程中往往容易积碳,并导致快速失活.为此,向微孔体系引入介孔制备多级孔ZSM-11分子筛是一种规避上述问题的有效方式.我们研究组前期已对分子筛进行碱处理脱硅及在该体系中加入CTAB制备多级孔分子筛进行了系统研究.在此基础上本文通过改变介孔模板剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和微孔模板剂四丁基溴化铵(TBABr)的摩尔比(R),采用一步法制备了一系列多级孔ZSM-11分子筛材料,并通过多种表征手段对材料的性质进行了系统研究.随着R值的增加,广角XRD测试结果表明,产物的结晶度逐渐下降,同时小角XRD测试结果表明产物中逐渐产生有序介孔相; XRF测试结果表明,产物的总包硅铝比呈上升趋势; SEM表征结果表明,首先棒状纳米晶团聚体形貌的ZSM-11分子筛的晶粒尺寸逐渐降低,随后晶粒之间插入无定形样品,直至最终产物几乎完全为无定形材料构成; TEM图片与上述表征结果一致,样品初始晶格条纹清晰且晶粒边缘规整,随后晶粒边缘开始弯曲不平,接着晶体样品中开始产生有序介孔材料,最终几乎完全变为有序介孔材料.综合上述表征结果和相关文献可推测,该有序介孔材料为类MCM-41材料.另外,我们采用N2物理吸附对材料的织构性质进行了考察,发现随着R值增大,产物的微孔减少,介孔增多.然而TEM结果表明,在类MCM-41产生之前,样品中介孔的增多并非来源于晶内孔,而是来源于晶粒之间的堆积孔,这是由于在合成过程中CTAB胶束嵌入ZSM-11的晶粒之间所导致.合成体系的碱度对产物的物化性质和织构性质也起了非常重要的作用.我们将这个体系与NaOH+CTAB对分子筛进行脱硅后处理体系进行了对比,发现虽然前者只能产生晶间孔而后者可产生晶内孔,但碱度对两者的作用相似,即降低碱度均可导致类MCM-41有序介孔相的产生.此外,还通过NH3-TPD和Py-IR技术对材料的酸性进行了考察.基于上述研究结果,提出了多级孔ZSM-11分子筛的形成机理.随着R值的变化,CTAB分别起了覆盖效应、胶束效应和模板效应.这些效应在合成多级孔ZSM-11分子筛过程中相互协同,同时又与TBABr的结构导向效应相互竞争,进而影响合成产物的孔结构、形貌、酸性以及用于二甲醚和苯烷基化的催化性能.     

Additive-free porous assemblies of Ti_3C_2T_x by freeze-drying for high performance supercapacitors

Ti_3C_2T_x has shown great potential in energy storage filed,but the restacking between Ti_3C_2T_x nanosheets seriously hampers the maximization of its capacitance.In this study,we rationally designed and synthesized porous Ti_3C_2T_x assemblies without any additive by introducing ice as spacers using a facile freeze-drying method.The porous Ti_3C_2T_x assemblies have a three-dimensional network structure,which consists of ultra large Ti_3C_2T_x lamellar walls and lots of macro-and mesopores.It has been proven that there are more-O groups on the surface of the porous Ti_3C_2T_x assemblies than the Ti_3C_2T_x film.The porous Ti_3C_2T_x assemblies deliver a maximum areal capacitance of 1668 mF/cm2 when the mass loading is 8.4 mg/cm2,an optimized specific capacitance of 247.2 F/g when the mass loading is 5.3 mg/cm2,and87% capacitance retention over 10000 cycles.The symmetric solid-state supercapacitors based on the porous Ti_3C_2T_x assemblies show an areal capacitance of 355.8 mF/cm2,the maximum power density of50 mW/cm2 and an outstanding flexibility under different deformation.