炸药类型对富铁矿爆破效果影响的试验研究

为探究炸药类型对铁矿石爆破效果的影响,选用相同药量的3种炸药对铁矿石试样进行爆破试验。对比研究了不同炸药爆炸作用后试样表面裂纹分形维数和碎块块度分布特征,进而对试样的破坏程度和爆破效果进行了定量的对比与评价。同时,从爆炸应力波叠加、能量释放与传递角度,对爆破效果的差异进行了理论分析。研究结果表明:（1）松散装药以及混合装药均会导致爆源相同距离处爆炸应力场分布的均匀性变差;（2）炸药爆热越大、炸药铁矿石波阻抗匹配程度越高,炸药爆炸后释放的能量越大且能量传递效率越高,铁矿石破坏程度越大;（3）爆破工程中炸药选型时,应重点考虑炸药密度、爆热和爆速3个参数,选择与矿（岩）体波阻抗匹配程度高且爆热合适的炸药,使得爆破后产生的大块和小块均较少。     

New fractional derivative with sigmoid function as the kernel and its models

Based on the idea of the fractional derivative with respect to another function, a new fractional derivative operator with sigmoid function as the kernel in this article, is proposed for the first time. Then, we make use of this new fractional operator to model various nonlinear phenomena from different fields of applications in science, such as the population growth, the shallow water wave phenomena and reaction-diffusion processes, and so on. As a result, we hope that the new fractional operator can be used to discover more evolutionary mechanisms of these phenomena.     

中能高浓度氦离子注入对钨微观结构的影响

采用15 keV, 剂量1×10¹⁷/cm², 温度为600 ℃氦离子注入钨, 分别以块体钨研究氦离子对钨的表面损伤; 以超薄的钨透射电镜样品直接注入氦离子, 研究该条件下钨的微观结构变化, 以了解氦离子与钨的相互作用过程; 采用扫描电子显微镜、聚焦离子束扫描显微镜、透射电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜等分析手段研究氦离子注入对钨表面显微结构的影响及氦泡在钨微观结构演化中的作用.     

Effect of aspect ratio on triaxial compression of multi-sphere ellipsoid assemblies simulated using a discrete element method

Here, we present a numerical investigation of the mechanical behavior of ellipsoids under triaxial compression for a range of aspect ratios. Our simulations use a multi-sphere approach in a three-dimensional discrete element method. All assemblies were prepared at their densest condition, and triaxial compression tests were performed up to extremely large strains, until a critical state was reached. The stress–strain relationship and the void ratio–strain behavior were evaluated. We found that the stress–dilatancy relationship of ellipsoids with different aspect ratios could be expressed as a linear equation. In particular, the aspect ratio influenced the position of the critical state lines for these assemblies. Particle-scale characteristics at the critical state indicate that particles tend to be flat lying, and the obstruction of particle rotation that occurs with longer particles affects their contact mechanics. Lastly, anisotropic coefficients related to aspect ratio were investigated to probe the microscopic origins of the macroscopic behavior. A detailed analysis of geometrical and mechanical anisotropies revealed the microscopic mechanisms underlying the dependency of peak and residual strengths on aspect ratio.     

Two-Dimensional Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in Incompressible Fluids at Arbitrary Atwood Numbers

The Rayleigh-Taylor instability in two-dimensional incompressible fluids at arbitrary Atwood numbers is studied by expanding the perturbation velocity potential to third order. The second and third harmonic generation effects of single-mode perturbation are analyzed, as well as the nonlinear correction to the exponential growth of the fundamental modulation. The mode coupling coefficients are dependent on the Atwood numbers. Our simulations support the weakly nonlinear results. We find that the ratio of the nonlinear saturation amplitude ηs and the perturbation wavelength λ is dependent on the Atwood number AT and the relation is ηs/λ=（1/π）[√2/5/√（1＋3AT2 ）].     

GLOBAL ATTRACTIVITY IN A CLASS OF HIGHER-ORDER NONLINEAR DIFFERENCE EQUATION

In this paper the global attractivity of the nonlinear difference equation xn 1 = a bxn / A xn-k, n =0, 1, …，is investigated, where a, b, A ∈ (0, ∞), k is an positive integer and the initial conditions x- k, …，x- 1 and x0 are arbitrary positive numbers. It is shown that the unique positive equilibrium of the equation is global attractive. As a corollary, the result gives a positive confirmation on the conjecture presented by Kocic and Ladas [1,p154].     

Effect of local atomic phase separation in the x-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy of FeSexTe1−x

Ab initio X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) calculations for FeSe_xTe_1−x, using a structural model that combines FeSe and FeTe phases at the nanoscale, are compared with Fe K-edge XANES measurements in the “pre-edge” region. The important aspects of this model are (i) magnetic order in the FeTe phase; (ii) Se and Te atoms placed randomly in both FeSe and FeTe crystallographic positions and; (iii) the two distinct distances for Fe–Se and Fe–Te of the bulk phases. The calculated spectra reproduce the observed increase of spectral weight in the experiments on FeSe_xTe_1−x with Se concentration. This is consistent with an inhomogeneous local electronic structure of FeSe_xTe_1−x. Additionally, we have calculated projected electronic density of d-states for the Fe atom, revealing increased spectral weight in the “pre-edge” region of the XANES spectra, which correlates with the increase in Se concentration. The decrease of calculated Fe d-density of states for the Fermi level, N(ε_F), for high Te content is consistent with the suppression of superconductivity in the title system.     

An analytical solution for a linear viscoelastic layer loaded with a cylindrical punch: Evaluation of the rebound indentation test with application for assessing viability of articular cartilage

A general closed-form solution for the so-called rebound indentation test’ is obtained for a cylindrical flat-ended punch indenting a linear viscoelastic layer lying on a rigid substrate. Under the assumption of time-independent Poisson's ratio, we derive closed-form analytical expressions for the contact force (in a displacement controlled regime) and for the indentation displacement (in a load-controlled regime) and we consider in detail the case of standard viscoelastic solid. Our results indicate that the rebound displacement (in other words the indentation displacement in the load-controlled stage) is independent of the relaxed elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio, and also of the layer's thickness. Our analytical solution can be used for layered samples of arbitrary materials exhibiting viscoelastic properties; however, since the rebound indentation test has been recently suggested for assessing the viability of biomedical materials, we have applied our theoretical framework to the identification of materials parameters from experiments on articular cartilage. In this context, we have found a pretty good agreement for the rebound deformation, even until the strain becomes relatively large.     

高温下钙蒙脱石膨胀特性的分子动力学模拟

高温下蒙脱石的膨胀特性在核废料深部封存、二氧化碳封存及页岩气开发等应用中有着重要影响,但相关机理尚不明确.本工作使用分子动力学模拟为技术手段计算5 MPa和298—500 K等条件下,1.40—4.00 nm晶面间距(d)的一系列饱和钙蒙脱石的膨胀压力.以模拟所得的数值结果为依据,基于水化效应、双电层效应和离子关联效应等模型推演膨胀压力随温度与d的变化规律,并与相应的实验数据进行对比.模拟结果表明,当d较小时,因为高温会弱化水化力的强度,钙蒙脱石膨胀压力震荡的幅度降低,同时水化力作用的d的范围减小.当d较大时,因为高温强化离子关联效应,膨胀压力降低,同时双电层力的作用的d的范围增加.在较高温度和较大d时,膨胀压力为收缩力,阻碍膨胀.这些膨胀压力的变化规律与前期钠蒙脱石体系的研究类似.然而,通过对比两种蒙脱石体系的模拟结果,发现两种体系存在显著的差异—钙蒙脱石比钠蒙脱石更难膨胀到较大的d.此模拟结果与前人实验观测的结果相符.我们进一步将此差异归于钙蒙脱石的离子关联效应要远大于钠蒙脱石.有别于分子模拟中对于离子关联效应的精确描述,连续化的Poisson-Boltzmann方程因为忽略了离子关联效应,从而无法表达出与两种体系模拟结果都相吻合的膨胀压力变化规律.     

FRACTAL DESCRIPTION OF ROCK FRACTURE BEHAVIOR

岩石可压裂性的定量评价是非常规油气资源开采中一个重要且复杂的问题,利用已有岩心实验数据,考虑岩石的岩性及压裂裂隙的分形特征,建立了岩石压裂裂隙的分维数、岩石抗压强度和裂隙面密度之间的定量关系,并根据所采岩心,利用自行开发的软件计算出其压裂后分形维数,验证了裂隙越复杂,分形维数越大. 提出采用压裂裂隙的分维数来表征岩石的可压裂性, 为定量分析和评价岩石可压裂性与储层开采价值提供了一个新的思路.