Fabrication and laser performance of highly transparent Nd:YAG ceramics from well-dispersed Nd:Y<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> nanopowders by freeze-drying

Well-dispersed Nd:Y₂O₃ powders with uniform particle size of about 60 nm were synthesized from freeze-dried precursors. Highly transparent 2 at.% Nd:YAG ceramics were fabricated from the as-synthesized Nd:Y₂O₃ powders and commercial Al₂O₃ powders by vacuum sintering at 1,750 °C for 5 h. Phase evolution, microstructures, and spectroscopic properties of the Nd:YAG transparent ceramics were investigated. Freeze-drying played an important role in the synthesis of high-quality Nd:Y₂O₃ nanosized powders, which were essential for the fabrication of highly transparent Nd:YAG ceramics. Optical transmittance of a 3-mm thick sample reached 82% in the wavelength range of 200–900 nm. 5.23 W output power was obtained with 14.3 W diode laser pumping, giving a slope efficiency of 36.5%.     

Microstructure evolution of laser solid forming of Ti-Al-V ternary system alloys from blended elemental powders

Morphology evolution of prior β grains of laser solid forming (LSF) Ti-xAl-yV (x 11,y 20) alloys from blended elemental powders is investigated. The formation mechanism of grain morphology is revealed by incorporating columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) mechanism during solidification. The morphology of prior β grains of LSF Ti-6Al-yV changes from columnar to equiaxed grains with increasing element V content from 4 to 20 wt.-%. This agrees well with CET theoretical prediction. Likewise, the grain morphology of LSF Ti-xAl-2V from blended elemental powders changes from large columnar to small equiaxed with increasing Al content from 2 to 11 wt.-%. The macro-morphologies of LSF Ti-8Al-2V and Ti-11Al-2V from blended elemental powders do not agree with CET predictions. This is caused by the increased disturbance effects of mixing enthalpy with increasing Al content, generated in the alloying process of Ti, Al, and V in the molten pool.     

Efficient two-photon sensitized luminescence of europium （Ⅲ） complex based on hypersensitive transitions

Red frequency-upconversion fluorescence emission is observed in europium(Ⅲ) complex with encapsulating polybenzimidazole tripodal ligands, pumped with 930- and 1070-nm picosecond laser pulses. The lumines- cence of transition 5D0 →7F2 (612 nm) is induced by two-photon absorption of hypersensitive transitions 7F0 →5D2 (465 nm) and 7F1 →5D1 (535 nm). Analysis results suggest that the two-photon excitation strength of these hypersensitive transitions is increased dramatically owing to the C3 symmetry of the coordination field.     

Tunneling of Boseben-Einstein condensate and interference effect in a harmonic trap with a Gaussian energy barrier

The tunneling effect of Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a harmonic trap with a Gaussian energy barrier is studied in this paper. The initial condensate evolves into two separate moving condensates after the tunneling time under certain conditions. The interference pattern between the two moving condensates is given as a comparison and as a further demonstration of the existence of the global phase.     

Varistor behavior study in undoped tungsten trioxide ceramic

In this paper, varistor property and mechanism of undoped tungsten trioxide (WO₃) ceramic have been studied. Experimental results revealed that pure WO₃ ceramic could exhibit a nonohmic behavior which was formed in the cooling process of ceramic, and very sensitive to heat treatment in different atmospheres. By comparison with the reported SnO₂ and ZnO varistor systems, it is supposed that the surface of WO₃ grain is more ready to adsorb oxygen and form high enough barriers at grain boundaries responsible for varistor behavior. The influences of heat treatments on the varistor properties of WO₃ ceramic have been investigated.     

First-principles calculations on electronic structures of Fe-vacancy-codoped TiO2 anatase (1 0 1) surface

The electronic structures of Fe-doped TiO₂ anatase (1 0 1) surfaces have been investigated by all spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) plane-wave pseudopotential method. The general gradient approximation (GGA)+U (Hubbard coefficient) method has been adopted to describe the exchange-correlation effects. Through the density functional calculations for the formation energies of various configurations, the complex of a substitutional Fe plus an O vacancy was found to form easily in the most range of O chemical potential. The calculated density of the states of the system of Fe-doped surface with a surface oxygen vacancy shows a band gap narrowing from 2.8 to 1.9 eV comparing with the pure surface due to the synergistic effects of surface Fe impurities with O vacancies. The system processes high visible light sensitivity and photocatalytic ability by decreasing extrinsic absorption energy. By comparing the partial DOS of some O and Ti atoms lying in the outermost and bottom layers of Fe-doped surfaces, it was found that the influence of Fe impurities on the electronic structure of the system is localized.     

Synthesis of dimension-tunable ZnO nanostructures via the design of zinc hydroxide precursors

A facile synthesis route is presented to achieve dimension-tunable ZnO nanostructures by the design of zinc hydroxide precursors under the surfactant-free condition. From three types of zinc hydroxide precursors, namely, crystalline Zn(OH)(NO₃)(H₂O) nanobelts, amorphous zinc hydroxides microparticles and soluble Zn(OH)^2-₄\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{OH})^{2-}_{4} species, the porous ZnO nanosheets, ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO nanowires can be achieved, respectively. The porous ZnO nanosheets exhibit large polar surface area. Thermal analysis indicates that the crystalline Zn(OH)(NO₃)(H₂O) nanobelts were converted to the porous ZnO nanosheets by in situ lattice reconstruction, which was attributed to the unique fibrous structure of Zn(OH)(NO₃)(H₂O) nanobelts. The as-prepared dimension-tunable ZnO nanostructures have potential applications in solar cells, photocatalysis, novel chemical and biological sensors, etc.     

Synthesis,formation mechanism and electric property of hollow InP nanospheres

The present work reports on novel four-layer thermally driven piezoresistive cantilevers implemented in one- and two-dimensional arrays for parallel proximity scanning. There, the heater (metallic meander), the piezoresistive deflection sensor, and the metal actuation film with significantly higher thermal expansion coefficient make up separate layers. Actuation efficiency and cross-talk of the novel cantilever design are studied and compared with two recent designs: thin metallic film and ion-implanted heater. The novel actuator, integrated on a 240 μm long and 3 μm thick silicon cantilever and supplied by V _dc=1 V enables deflections up to 5 μm of the AFM-tip with an actuation efficiency of about 170 nm/mW and suppressed cross-talk between actuator and sensor.     

立方五次方非线性Schrdinger方程的动力学性质研究

采用辛算法数值求解了一维立方五次方非线性Schrdinger方程,研究了不同非线性参数下非线性Schrdinger方程的动力学性质.数值结果表明,随着立方非线性参数的增加,系统经历了拟周期状态、混沌状态和周期状态,且在五次方项的调制下,呼吸子解可以退化为单孤子解.     

关于B~0→π~-~+■_衰变过程分支比的计算

通过构造适当的关联函数,计算B→π跃迁形状因子fB+π(q2),fBπ(q2)和标量形状因子f0(q2),从而就能研究轻子质量对B0→π-+ν(l=e,μ,τ)衰变过程的影响.首次分别计算B0→π-e+νe,B0→π-μ+νμ,B0→π-τ+ντ衰变过程的分支比,并发现轻子质量me,mμ可以忽略,但重轻子质量mτ不能忽略,它对分支比计算有一定的贡献.把计算结果与最近的实验数据进行比较,发现理论结果与实验数据基本符合.