甘肃某复杂铌稀土矿石矿物学及选矿工艺特性研究

为探索甘肃某复杂铌稀土矿石的开发利用价值,为资源综合评价提供基础数据和重要依据,利用MLA, SEM, XRF, ICP等先进的检测手段结合显微镜鉴定、单矿物提纯、矿物物理化学性质研究等工艺矿物学研究方法,对该矿石进行矿物学特性和选矿工艺特性研究。研究表明:该矿石属碱性花岗岩型铌稀土锆矿石,有用矿物种类繁多,嵌布粒度微细,嵌布关系复杂;有用矿物与脉石矿物磁性分区和比重差别明显;从原矿中分选稀土矿物、铌矿物和锆石,理论回收率分别为66.97%, 69.95%和82.64%。采用阶段磨矿阶段选别,磁选为主重选为辅,浮选扫尾的选矿分离原则流程,可实现有价金属综合回收和尾矿综合利用。     

真实情境与化学学科核心素养的发展——基于《普通高中化学课程标准(2017年版)》的解读

《普通高中化学课程标准（2017年版）》构建了化学学科核心素养的内容体系及其发展水平框架,重视开展“素养为本”的教学,重视真实情境的创设。在分析教学情境的内涵与功能的基础上,解读了新课标中课程内容、实施建议和命题原则中对真实情境创设与应用的要求,讨论了真实情境在发展学生化学学科核心素养中的教育价值。通过对具体教学案例的分析,探讨了基于学生化学学科核心素养发展的教学情境设计的策略。     

Stationary Fluid Dynamic Behaviour of V-Shaped Diffuser/Nozzle Elements for Valveless Micropump

A novel type of V-shaped （isosceles triangle cross-section） diffuser/nozzle element is proposed for use for valveless micropump. Stationary fluid dynamic behaviour of V-shaped diffuser/nozzle elements in a valveless micropump is investigated by experiment and simulation. Both the results agree well with each other when the Reynolds number is higher than 100 and the pressure loss coefficient ratio of micropump nearly always keeps a constant. For a single V-shaped diffuser, the general trends of variation of pressure loss coefficient with opening angle and Reynolds number are opposite in small and large angles. Compared with conical and flat-wall diffusers, V-shaped diffuser shows the smallest pressure loss when the Reynolds number is 200.     

Nitrogen Dioxide Sensing Properties and Mechanism of Copper Phthalocyanine Film

Copper phthalocyanine film, a p-type organic semiconductor, is synthesized by vacuum sublimation and its surface morphology is characterized by SEM. A silicon-based copper phthalocyanine film gas sensor for NO2 detection is fabricated by MEMS technology. The results show that the resistance and sensitivity of copper phthalocyanine film decrease obviously as the NO2 concentration increases from Oppm to lOOppm. However, the sensitivity nearly keeps a constant of O. 158 between 30 ppm and 70 ppm. The best working temperature of the gas sensor is 90℃ for NO2 gas concentrations of lOppm, 20ppm and 30ppm, which is much lower than that of general metal oxide gas sensor.     

Two Copper Complexes Based on Pyrazole-3-carboxylic Acid as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Highly Selective Oxidation of Alkylbenzenes

Two new copper complexes based on pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid(H_2pca)ligand,Cu(Hpca)_2(H_2O)_2·2H_2O(1)and Cu_2(pca)_2(H_2O)_4(2)have been synthesized and fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction(SXRD),infrared spectroscopy(IR),thermal gravity analysis(TGA),powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD)and elemental analyses.Complex 1 is mononuclear while complex 2 shows a dinuclear structure.Complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system,space group P2_1/c with Z=2,a=6.5591(5),b=21.696(2),c=4.9486(2)?,V=680.94(9)?~3,F(000)=366,D_c=1.745 g/cm~3,μ=1.650 mm~(-1),the final R=0.0340 and w R=0.0792.Complex 2crystallizes in the monoclinic system,space group P2_1/n with Z=2,a=5.1935(4),b=9.6052(7),c=12.7347(9)?,V=634.44(8)?~3,F(000)=420,D_c=2.195 g/cm~3,μ=3.404 mm~(-1),the final R=0.0305 and w R=0.0653.The three-dimensional frameworks of two complexes are formed by the O-H···O and N-H···O hydrogen bonding interactions.Notably,two copper complexes are further used as catalysts in the oxidation of alkylbenzenes using t-butylhydroperoxide(TBHP)as the oxidant and they exhibit excellent catalytic performance(Conv.up to 98.9%,Sele.up to 98.7%).     

采用优化的DFTB参数对铜(111)表面碳二聚化的分子动力学研究（英文）

针对铜表面化学反应,我们发展了一套铜-碳体系的密度泛函紧束缚(DFTB)参数。测试结果表明这套参数可以很好的描述吸附铜或碳原子前后铜表面的几何结构和能量。基于这套参数,我们对Cu(111)表面的碳二聚化过程进行了分子模拟研究。即使在高温下,直接的分子动力学模拟也很难观察到碳二聚体的形成。这是因为高温下铜表面显著的结构弛豫一定程度上阻止了二聚化。为了研究高温下铜表面碳二聚化的机理,我们进行了赝动力学模拟。发现在二聚化的过程中,碳原子形成C-Cu-C桥状结构以后,会绕中间Cu原子转动,最后形成碳二聚体。1300 K下碳二聚化的自由能垒约0.9 eV。     

植物酶催化光度法测定痕量甲胺磷的初步研究

对植物酶催化酯类检测痕量有机磷农药残留量的方法进行了初步研究。在乙酸-乙酸钠的缓冲体系中,应用植物淀粉酶促进α-乙酸萘酯分解生成α-萘酚,甲胺磷农药抑制淀粉酶的活性,淀粉酶的活性随甲胺磷浓度增加而降低,α-乙酸萘酯分解生成的α-萘酚量也减少,以FeCl3指示反应,反应生成一种紫色络合物,利用该反应对甲胺磷进行定量测定。确定了反应的最佳条件,方法已应用于蔬菜表面甲胺磷残留量的分析。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定人体尿液中4种有机磷农药代谢物

建立了同时测定尿液中4种有机磷类农药代谢物的气相色谱/串联质谱分析方法.尿液样品以WCX固相萃取柱富集提取,乙酸乙酯-乙腈(70∶30,V/V)再萃取,浓缩干燥,甲苯溶解,N-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺衍生化.采用HP-5MS色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)程序升温分离,串联质谱多反应检测,内标法定量.通过比较尿样中代谢物在不同萃取溶剂、固相萃取柱及pH值洗脱液等条件下的回收率,优化了前处理方法.在0.2～ 200 μg/L范围内,4种代谢物峰面积与内标峰面积的比值与质量浓度的线性关系良好(R2≥0.992),方法检出限为0.083 ～0.667μg/L,定量限为0.2～2.0 μg/L,平均回收率为54.1％～68.6％,相对标准偏差均小于8.5％(n=6).本方法稳定、可靠,分析时间短,不需要使用大量有机溶剂,可同时处理大批量样品,适用于人群有机磷类农药暴露情况的评估.     

概念的建构过程应促进学生的认识发展——“溶解度”的教学与思考

以"溶解度"的概念教学为例,分析概念建构过程中如何促进学生的认识发展。在概念教学中,应关注学生的前科学认识,挖掘学生的认识角度和思路,发展学生的认识方式,从而形成学生的认识能力。     

具有激素活性的Schiff碱化合物的研究(Ⅰ)──苯氧乙酸类Schiff碱的合成及其生物活性

具有激素活性的Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ碱化合物的研究（Ⅰ）──苯氧乙酸类Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ碱的合成及其生物活性汪焱钢,叶文法,尹大学,黄君珉,陆爱红（华中师范大学化学系,武汉,４３００７０）关键词Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ碱,氨基苯氧乙酸,植物激素活性芳胺的Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ碱类化合物,...