New criterion for optimization of solar selective absorber coatings

We discuss a merit function F as judgment of photo-thermal conversion efficiency instead of two indepen- dent parameters： solar absorptance α and thermal emittance ε. The merit function F is developed using Essential Macleod software to optimize the photo-thermal conversion efficiency of solar selective coating. Bruggeman and Maxwell-Garnett models are used to calculate the dielectric function of composite cermet film. Mo, W, V, and Pd are used as metallic component as well as infrared （IR） refector materials, and SiO2, A1203, A1N, and TiO2 are used for dielectric component or antireflection （AR） layer materials. The layer structure can be described as substrate （Sub）/IR reflector/ high-metal-volume fraction （HMVF）/ low-metal-volume fraction （LMVF）/AR. Results show that Mo-Al2O3, Mo-AlN, W-SiO2, W-A12O3, V- SiO2, and V-A1203 double-cermet coatings have high conversion efficiency which is greater than 86%. The best among above is Mo-SiO2 with α=0.94, e=0.05 at 450℃, f= 89.9%. Some selective coatings with different layer thicknesses have been successfully optimized for different solar irradiations （air mass （AM0）, AM1.5D, and AM1.5G spectra） and different operating temperatures （300, 450, and 600 ℃）, respectively. However, the optical constants for calculation are from the software, most datum are measured for bulk materials. Therefore. results are more useful to indicate the trend than the exact values.     

冷核聚变十五年

参考在美国麻省理工学院召开的第十届国际冷核聚变会议(ICCF 10)内容,对冷核聚变研究的现状作一简单介绍.国际原子能委员会(IAEA)分管聚变的官员(1995—2001年)T.J.Dolan在清华召开的ICCF 9国际会议上的总结会上提出五种重要的解释冷聚变现象的理论模型,其中有江兴流提出的涡旋动力学模型.涡旋动力学模型的主要论点在于:局域瞬态非平衡体系产生涡旋,而涡旋的内聚作用和极化效应,使体系内的粒子相互靠近,产生局域极化核反应和高度定向的轴向加速高能粒子.这种局域瞬态非平衡体系出现在电极微突起处或多层膜的非平衡点处.这一理论成功地解释了许多异常放热和核嬗变现象,因而受到了广泛重视.对涡旋动力学作以简单介绍. Many papers published in the 10th International Conference of Cold Fusion( MIT, Massachusetts .Aug. 2003) reveal the experimental results of excess heat with a few of products of nuclear reactions. Over the years it is become clear that there are new effects to be surfaced. Thomas J. Dolan listed several interesting theoretical ideas including the model of vortex dynamics proposed by Xingliu Jiang. This model says that excess heat and nuclear reactions in electrical discharge system and other transient...     

柴油燃料HCCI燃烧影响因素的试验研究

本文采用在进气上止点附近进行柴油喷射,利用缸内高温残余废气促进燃油蒸发形成均质混合气,实现了柴油燃料的均质压燃(HCCI)。试验结果表明柴油燃料HCCI燃烧的放热规律呈现低温和高温放热两个阶段,并且NOx排放可以降低95%-98%。本文主要研究了影响HCCI燃烧的因素,指出负荷增大、进气温度增加和负气门重叠期的增加使HCCI着火提前,而外部EGR率的增大可以推迟着火。因此对于低温自燃性好的燃料,冷EGR是控制其HCCI着火燃烧过程的有效措施。     

140 keV质子辐照对石英玻璃光谱性能影响的研究

研究了JGS3 光学石英玻璃在真空、冷黑和能量为 14 0keV的质子辐照下光学透过率变化的基本规律。在辐照剂量大于 5× 10 14 proton/cm2 后 ,主要引起 2 30～ 2 5 0nm的吸收带 ,其吸收峰值随辐照剂量的增加而单调增加。在较大辐照剂量下 ,近紫外和可见区域也存在某些弱的吸收带。 2 30～ 2 5 0nm的吸收带由E′心引起。质子辐照下在JGS3 光学石英玻璃中形成的E′心是受氢扰动的 ,即辐照过程中不仅发生Si -O键的断裂 ,而且发生[≡Si- ]和 [≡Si-O]向 [≡Si-H]和 [≡Si-OH]的转变     

紫外分光光度法测定维生素B6

本文建立了以0.035mol/L HAc(醋酸)为介质,采用紫外分光光度法测定维生素B6的新方法.该方法体系简单,操作方便、快速、灵敏,其表观摩尔吸光系数ε为9.37×104L·mol     

液氮冷却法全无机智能窗器件的制备及其性能研究

为降低溅射过程中摹片温度的上升,进而成功制备非晶多孔、纳米微晶态电致变色薄膜和非晶态离子导电薄膜,介绍了一种配置于磁控溅射设备的液氮冷却装置.利用该装置制备了由WO3、NiOx和LiNbO3 薄膜组成的单基片全无机电致变色智能窗器件.采用分光光度计对该器件的电致变色性能进行了测试,并计算了它的漂白和着色态在400 nm到800 nm波长范围内的平均透射率.实验结果表明,经过50次循环后,该器件的漂白和着色态的平均透射率分别为61.5%和5.5%.X射线衍射和扫描电镜(SEM)图像显示,组成该器件的WO2、NiOx和LiNbO3薄膜分别为非晶多孔、纳米微晶和非晶态结构.     

改性羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸纳米复合材料的结晶行为

利用溶剂复合的方法制备了具有良好生物相容性的表面接枝聚(γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸)的改性羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸纳米复合材料, 并研究了其熔融与结晶行为. 结果表明, 聚乳酸的玻璃化转变温度为60.3 ℃, 而复合材料的玻璃化转变温度达到65.8 ℃, 不同样品在140 ℃等温结晶后, 改性羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸复合材料的球晶直径仅为聚乳酸(PLLA)球晶直径的16.7%~66.7%. 复合材料的熔点提高到184.4 ℃.     

锗-茜素红S极谱配合吸附波的研究

在pH8.2～8.6的氨性缓冲溶液中,可获得锗-茜素红S的三个单扫极谱配合吸附波,在适宜条件下,三个波的峰高均与锗浓度有线性关系,其中第三个配合吸附波(Ep4=-1.130V)最灵敏,其最低检出限为1.0x10[-7]M锗,本文还进一步了三个配合吸附波的电极过程。     

Camera calibration approach using circle-square-combined target

Calibrating a small field camera is a challenging task because the traditional target with visible feature points that fit the limited space is difficult and costly to manufacture.We demonstrate a novel combined target used in camera calibration.The tangent points supplied by one circle located at the center of a square are used as invisible features,and the perspective projection invariance is proved.Both visible and invisible features extracted by the proposed feature extraction algorithm are used to solve the calibration. The target supplies a sufficient number of feature points to satisfy the requirements of calibration within a limited space.Experiments show that the approach can achieve high robustness and considerable accuracy. This approach has potential for computer vision applications particularly in small fields of view.