匀低速曲柄滑块机构近似解与精确解比较

 叙述和比较了曲柄滑块机构滑块运动方程的近似解和精确解. 导出了理想状态下滑块的运动方程的精确表达式;使用Taylor公式将精确表达式展开获得近似表达式,并保留一阶和二阶;通过数值算例分别比较了滑块的位移、速度和加速度表达式的近似解和精确解;观察数值结果:只有当曲柄和连杆长度比值较小时,近似解才接近精确解;它们的比值较大时,近似解和精确解的差别较大.     

Conformal invariance and conserved quantities of Birkhoff systems under second-class Mei symmetry

This paper proposes a new concept of the conformal invariance and the conserved quantities for Birkhoff systems under second-class Mei symmetry.The definition about conformal invariance of Birkhoff systems under second-class Mei symmetry is given.The conformal factor in the determining equations is found.The relationship between Birkhoff system’s conformal invariance and second-class Mei symmetry are discussed.The necessary and sufficient conditions of conformal invariance,which are simultaneously of second-class symmetry,are given.And Birkhoff system’s conformal invariance may lead to corresponding Mei conserved quantities,which is deduced directly from the second-class Mei symmetry when the conformal invariance satisfies some conditions.Lastly,an example is provided to illustrate the application of the result.     

Non-Noether symmetries of Hamiltonian systems with conformable fractional derivatives

In this paper, we present the fractional Hamilton's canonical equations and the fractional non-Noether symmetry of Hamilton systems by the conformable fractional derivative. Firstly, the exchanging relationship between isochronous variation and fractional derivatives, and the fractional Hamilton principle of the system under this fractional derivative are proposed. Secondly, the fractional Hamilton's canonical equations of Hamilton systems based on the Hamilton principle are established. Thirdly, the fractional non-Noether symmetries, non-Noether theorem and non-Noether conserved quantities for the Hamilton systems with the conformable fractional derivatives are obtained. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the results.     

Fractional cyclic integrals and Routh equations of fractional Lagrange system with combined Caputo derivatives

In this paper, we develop a fractional cyclic integral and a Routh equation for fractional Lagrange system defined in terms of fractional Caputo derivatives. The fractional Hamilton principle and the fractional Lagrange equations of the system are obtained under a combined Caputo derivative. Furthermore, the fractional cyclic integrals based on the Lagrange equations are studied and the associated Routh equations of the system are presented. Finally, two examples are given to show the applications of the results.     

Lie symmetries and conserved quantities of discrete nonholonomic Hamiltonian systems

This paper focuses on studying Lie symmetries and conserved quantities of discrete nonholonomic Hamiltonian systems. Firstly, the discrete generalized Hamiltonian canonical equations and discrete energy equation of nonholonomic Hamiltonian systems are derived from discrete Hamiltonian action. Secondly, the determining equations and structure equation of Lie symmetry of the system are obtained. Thirdly, the Lie theorems and the conservation quantities are given for the discrete nonholonomic Hamiltonian systems. Finally, an example is discussed to illustrate the application of the results.     

Hamilton formalism and Noether symmetry for mechanico—electrical systems with fractional derivatives

This paper presents extensions to the traditional calculus of variations for mechanico-electrical systems containing fractional derivatives.The Euler-Lagrange equations and the Hamilton formalism of the mechanico-electrical systems with fractional derivatives are established.The definition and the criteria for the fractional generalized Noether quasisymmetry are presented.Furthermore,the fractional Noether theorem and conseved quantities of the systems are obtained by virtue of the invariance of the Hamiltonian action under the infinitesimal transformations.An example is presented to illustrate the application of the results.     

多体系统动力学优化设计的增广Lagrange乘子法

针对多体系统的非线性受约束动态优化设计通用模型,基于连续可微目标函数和一阶、二阶灵敏度分析给出多体系统动力学优化设计的增广Lagrange乘子法.其中基于多体系统动力学方程的一阶设计灵敏度采用伴随变量方法进行计算,二阶设计灵敏度使用混合方法进行计算,在设计变量较多时具有较高的计算效率.最后对曲柄-滑块系统数值算例使用增广Lagrange乘子方法进行约束优化,通过对使用不同方法进行一阶灵敏度分析和二阶灵敏度分析所得的最优值、迭代次数及运行时间的比较,得出一阶灵敏度分析中使用变尺度方法效率较高,而使用二阶灵敏度分析可以进一步提高优化效率.     

超细长弹性杆精确模型的运动学问题

作为研究DNA等生物大分子链力学行为的模型,考察弹性细杆精确模型截面随弧坐标和时间的运动学问题.给出了基本假定,用映射的概念阐明离散化思想,得到了杆的运动学方程,导出了存在拉/压变形时弯扭度和角速度的关系;定义了截面的虚位移,表示为弧坐标和时间变分均为零的变分法则,在微分和变分运算次序可以交换的前提下,导出了截面虚角位移的导数与截面弯扭度以及角速度变分的关系,为建立超细长弹性杆精确模型动力学的分析力学方法准备理论基础.     

《趣味刚体动力学》评介

作为"大众力学丛书"的新书,刘延柱教授著述的《趣味刚体动力学》最近由高等教育出版社出版（图1）1。将刚体动力学这门历史悠久、应用广泛的力学分支学科用生动有趣、深入浅出的语言进行阐述,它的意义正如培根所说："知识就是力量。知识的力量不仅取决于其本身价值的大小,更取决于它是否被传播以及传播的深度与广度。"...     

Lagrange equations of nonholonomic systems with fractional derivatives

This paper obtains Lagrange equations of nonholonomic systems with fractional derivatives. First, the exchanging relationships between the isochronous variation and the fractional derivatives are derived. Secondly, based on these exchanging relationships, the Hamilton's principle is presented for non-conservative systems with fractional derivatives. Thirdly, Lagrange equations of the systems are obtained. Furthermore, the d'Alembert–Lagrange principle with fractional derivatives is presented,and the Lagrange equations of nonholonomic systems with fractional derivatives are studied. An example is designed to illustrate these results.