基于金纳米颗粒信号放大效应电化学检测DNA聚合酶

基于金纳米颗粒(AuNPs)比表面积大、 尺寸小和能够承载大量DNA片段的特点, 建立了一种免标记、 简便、 快速检测DNA聚合酶Klenow fragment exo-(KF^-)的电化学方法. 首先将巯基化的DNA引物片段修饰在金电极上, 然后加入模板DNA链以及修饰有报告DNA链的金纳米颗粒(AuNPs-DNA), 模板DNA链能同时与DNA引物片段和修饰在AuNPs上的报告DNA链进行互补杂交形成"三明治"结构, 从而将AuNPs-DNA修饰在电极表面; 当加入电活性物质钌铵(RuHex)后, RuHex可通过静电吸附作用结合在DNA上. AuNPs上修饰的报告DNA链能够吸附大量RuHex, 导致电化学信号放大. 当加入脱氧核糖核苷三磷酸(dNTPs)以及KF^-聚合酶后, 引物片段发生延伸反应, 将与模板DNA链杂交的AuNPs-DNA竞争下来, 带走大量的RuHex, 使电信号降低, 从而实现对聚合酶的检测. 实验结果表明, 利用该方法可以检测到5 U/mL的KF^-.     

Form invariance and approximate conserved quantity of Appell equations for a weakly nonholonomic system

A weakly nonholonomic system is a nonholonomic system whose constraint equations contain a small parameter. The form invariance and the approximate conserved quantity of the Appell equations for a weakly nonholonomic system are studied. The Appell equations for the weakly nonholonomic system are established, and the definition and the criterion of form invariance of the system are given. The structural equation of form invariance for the weakly nonholonomic system and the approximate conserved quantity deduced from the form invariance of the system are obtained. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.     

Complete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR spectral data for three new triterpenoid saponins from Ilex hainanensis Merr

Three new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, ilexhainanoside C, D and E, all with 24, 28-dioic acid groups, were isolated from the leaves of Ilex hainanensis. They were 3beta-hydroxyolean-12-ene-24, 28-dioic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(1), 3beta, 19alpha-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-24, 28-dioic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(2) and 3beta, 29-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-24, 28-dioic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(3). The structures of these three new compounds were elucidated and complete assignments of the (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic data were achieved by 1D and 2D NMR experiments [heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), HMBC and rotational nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (ROESY)].     

阳离子表面活性剂和有机酸混合水溶液的热响应特性

用稳态和动态流变学方法研究了阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和有机酸3-甲基水杨酸(3MS)的混合水溶液随浓度和温度变化的流变特性。在加热过程中混合溶液呈现三种不同类型的温度响应。其中最有趣的是,当3MS的浓度在80与100 mmol·kg^-1之间时,有浅蓝色的稀溶液出现。随着温度的升高,样品由浅蓝色溶液转化成透明的粘弹性溶液,同时聚集态从囊泡转变成长的蠕虫状胶束,且开始转化的温度随溶液中3MS浓度的增加而升高。利用流变温度扫描和电导率测定对此转变进行了验证。定性解释这个转化是因为在高温下吸附的3MS分子从囊泡上解吸被溶解到水相中。     

生长温度对In_(0.5)Ga_(0.5)As/GaAs量子点尺寸的影响

采用分子束外延(MBE)技术制备In_(0.5)Ga_(0.5)As/GaAs量子点,利用扫描隧道显微镜(STM)对不同衬底温度下生长的样品进行表征分析.研究表明量子点密度随温度升高先增大后减小,其尺寸随温度的升高而增大.另外,量子点以S-K模式生长并受Ostwald熟化机制影响,其尺寸增大所需的能量来自应变能和温度提供的能量,高温条件下表面原子的解吸附作用会限制量子点的生长.     

Analysis of pesticide multi-residues in leafy vegetables by ultrasonic solvent extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE) of pesticide multi-residues including monocrotophos, dimethoate, imidacloprid, carbendazim, carbaryl and simazine from leafy vegetables is presented. The extraction procedure was optimized with regard to the solvent type and amount, sonication time and number of extraction steps. The extract did not need clean-up before injected into liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) which was employed together with electron microscope to verify the effect of USE method. The proposed procedure allows the extraction of six pesticide residues in a single step with 40 ml of ethyl acetate for 35 min sonication, providing recovery over 83% and LOQ less than 1.4 microg/kg. The optimized USE method is a simple, low cost and an effective preparation method for determination of pesticide multi-residues at trace levels in leafy vegetables in comparison with homogenized extraction method.     

细胞吞噬表面电荷不同的硅纳米颗粒的研究

本文以HepG细胞、L-02细胞和MCF-7细胞为代表, 利用异硫氰酸罗丹明荧光SiNPs的荧光信号同步指示作用, 研究了细胞对表面带正电荷的氨基化SiO2荧光纳米颗粒(PSiNPs)和表面带负电荷的SiO2荧光纳米颗粒(NSiNPs)的吞噬情况, 并考察了SiNPs浓度、培育时间及培养基中的血清对细胞吞噬表面电荷不同的SiNPs颗粒的影响.     

赖氨酸衍生氮杂大环化合物的固相合成

基于固相载体的假稀释效应, 设计并合成了由赖氨酸为前体结构衍生的氮杂大环化合物8, 9, 10, 12及13. 合成中的关键构件是在固相树脂上肽链的N端键合的二个相邻的赖氨酸残基, 并以溴乙酸为桥连组份, 先后经酰化及亲核取代(S_N2)反应完成三氮杂十六元环骨架的构建. 5种粗产物的总收率在68.9%～86.1%之间, 并全部经氨基酸组成分析及ESI-MS分析表征.     

Biofunctional Janus particles promote phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages

Herein, a versatile strategy for the construction of biofunctional Janus particles (JPs) through the combination of Pickering emulsion and copper-free click chemistry is developed for the study of particle-mediated cell–cell interactions. A variety of biomolecules including bovine serum albumin (BSA), ferritin, transferrin (Tf), and anti-signal regulatory protein alpha antibodies (aSIRPα), etc., can be incorporated into the Janus platform in a spatially defined manner. JPs consisting of Tf and aSIRPα (Tf–SPA1–aSIRPα JPs) demonstrate a significantly improved binding affinity to either macrophages or tumor cells compared to their uniformly modified counterparts. More importantly, Tf–SPA1–aSIRPα JPs mediate more efficient phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages as revealed by real-time high-content confocal microscopy. This study demonstrates the potential advantages of JPs in mediating cell–cell interactions and may contribute to the emerging cancer immunotherapy.

A versatile Janus particle platform modified with biological ligands can facilitate tumor cell phagocytosis by macrophages for promising cancer immunotherapy.     

一种基于二氧化硅微颗粒的基因载体的制备新方法

建立了一种基于二氧化硅微颗粒的基因载体的制备新方法. 首先将正硅酸乙酯在乙醇和氨水环境下水解， 合成得到二氧化硅微颗粒, 然后通过静电作用将多聚赖氨酸修饰到硅微颗粒上, 制备出可有效地结合DNA的基因载体. 所制备的基因载体可将绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP导入COS-7细胞中, 实现了绿色荧光蛋白的高效表达. 本方法简便、 快速, 在基因转染与基因治疗研究领域具有较好的潜在应用价值.