Influence of solvents on the formation of ultrathin uniform poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) nanofibers with electrospinning

Although there have been many reports on the preparation and applications of various polymer nanofibers with the electrospinning technique, the understanding of synthetic parameters in electrospinning remains limited. In this article, we investigate experimentally the influence of solvents on the morphology of the poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) micro/nanofibers prepared by electrospinning PVP solution in different solvents, including ethanol, dichloromethane (MC) and N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). Using 4 wt % PVP solutions, the PVP fibers prepared from MC and DMF solvents had a shape like a bead‐on‐a‐string. In contrast, smooth PVP nanofibers were obtained with ethanol as a solvent although the size distribution of the fibers was somewhat broadened. In an effort to prepare PVP nanofibers with small diameters and narrow size distributions, we developed a strategy of using mixed solvents. The experimental results showed that when the ratio of DMF to ethanol was 50:50 (w/w), regular cylindrical PVP nanofibers with a diameter of 20 nm were successfully prepared. The formation of these thinnest nanofibers could be attributed to the combined effects of ethanol and DMF solvents that optimize the solution viscosity and charge density of the polymer jet. In addition, an interesting helical‐shaped fiber was obtained from 20 wt % PVP solution in a 50:50 (w/w) mixed ethanol/DMF solvent. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 3721–3726, 2004     

Control of self‐organized low‐dimensional morphology in poly(styrene‐b‐4vinylpyridine)/polystyrene blend thin films

The surface morphologies of poly(styrene‐b‐4vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) diblock copolymer and homopolystyrene (hPS) binary blend thin films were investigated by atomic force microscopy as a function of total volume fraction of PS (?_PS) in the mixture. It was found that when hPS was added into symmetric PS‐b‐P4VP diblock copolymers, the surface morphology of this diblock copolymer was changed to a certain degree. With ?_PS increasing at first, hPS was solubilized into the corresponding domains of block copolymer and formed cylinders. Moreover, the more solubilized the hPS, the more cylinders exist. However, when the limit was reached, excessive hPS tended to separate from the domains independently instead of solubilizing into the corresponding domains any longer, that is, a macrophase separation occurred. A model describing transitions of these morphologies with an increase in ?_PS is proposed. The effect of composition on the phase morphology of blend films when graphite is used as a substrate is also investigated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 3496–3504, 2004     

Detection of Pb2+ using a hydrogel swelling microcantilever sensor.

Hydrogels containing benzo-18-crown-6 were used to modify microcantilevers for measurements of the concentration of Pb2+ in aqueous solutions. These microcantilevers undergo bending deflection upon exposure to solutions containing various Pb2+ concentrations as the result of a swelling of the hydrogels. It was found that a concentration of 10(-6) M Pb2+ can be detected using this technology. Other cations, such as Na+, have no effect on the deflection of this cantilever. The cation K+, which also complexes with benzo-18-crown-6, could interfere with Pb2+ detection, but only at high concentrations (> 10(-4) M).     

Fluorescent-based single-strand conformation polymorphism/heteroduplex capillary electrophoretic mutation analysis of the P53 gene.

Fluorescent-based single-strand conformation polymorphism (F-SSCP) analysis with capillary electrophoresis (CE) is the most common method for the detection of mutation because of its high sensitivity and resolution. In this study, we prepared an inexpensive linear polyacrylamide (LPA), and successfully applied it to CE-SSCP analysis and tandem CE-SSCP/heteroduplex analysis (HA) of the P53 gene on an ABI capillary genetic analyzer. A comparison of the sieving capabilities of a homemade LPA and commercial polydimethylacrylamide (PDMA) demonstrates that the homemade LPA has a higher resolution, a shorter analysis time, and is more suitable for tandem SSCP/HA than commercial PDMA. To show the usefulness, mutations of P53 gene exon 7 - 8 in 37 tumor samples were investigated by using homemade LPA. The results indicate that 10 mutations were found in 9 of 37 cases; the majority of P53 mutations were missense mutations, and 70% were located in exon 7, which plays an important role in neoplastic progression in human tumorigenesis.     

波段三维ESR成像系统的研制（Ⅴ）——灵敏度与分辨率实验及系统总性能指标

实验确定了自行研制的L波段三维电子自旋共振成像（3D-ESRI）系统的检测灵敏度及成像分辨率指标. 用Tempo水溶液模型测量灵敏度结果表明： 样品体积为10 mm, 高30 mm，测量浓度1×10^-4 mol/L水溶液的信噪比为S/N=4∶1；加梯度磁场后，样品浓度需>5×10^-4 mol/L，样品体积为19 mm, 高30 mm时，获得的投影谱的信噪比可满足图像重建的需要. 用DPPH固体样品确定的成像分辨率结果<1 mm. 文中还对ESRI系统的
各项总体性能做了归纳总结.     

超声速等离子体射流的数值模拟

基于可压缩的全Naiver-Stokes方程，利用PHOENICS程序对由会聚 辐射阳极形状等离子体炬产生的超声速等离子体射流进行了数值模拟.考虑了等离子体的黏性、可压缩性以及变物性对等离子体射流特性影响.研究了超声速等离子体射流的流场结构特性以及不同环境压力对等离子体射流产生激波结构的影响.结果表明，超声速等离子体射流在喷口附近形成的周期性激波结构是其和环境气体相互作用的结果. 关键词： 等离子体炬 超声速等离子体射流 PHOENICS     

晶格失配对异质外延超薄膜生长中成核特性的影响

利用动力学蒙特卡罗方法模拟了异质外延超薄膜生长中的成核过程.研究了薄膜与衬底的晶格失配对超薄膜生长中成核密度、平均核尺寸、标度关系及生长模式的影响.结果发现产生压（张）应变的晶格负（正）失配使生长过程更早（迟）从成核区进入过渡区，失配越大，这一效应越明显.在相同的沉积条件下，负失配导致超薄膜形成较低的成核密度与较大的平均核尺寸，而正失配则相反.成核密度满足标度关系Ns≈(F/D)χ，随着失配度从-0.04增加到0.02，标度系数χ从0.37逐渐减小到0.33，对应超薄膜生长过程从包含二聚体扩散模式转变到无 关键词： 薄膜生长 成核 晶格失配 蒙特卡罗模拟     

Yb:FAP和Yb:C_3S_2-FAP晶体光谱的温度特性和选择激发

报导了Yb :FAP和Yb :C3S2 _FAP晶体在不同温度下的吸收光谱和荧光光谱实验结果 ,研究发现由于电子_声子近共振耦合作用 ,Yb :FAP和Yb :C3S2 _FAP晶体均存在有明显的振动谱 ,Yb :FAP晶体的零声子线在低温下还劈裂为相差 10cm- 1 的两条线 .采用激光选择激发技术研究了Yb3 离子在FAP和C3S2 _FAP晶体中的格位特征 ,结果表明Yb3 离子在这两种基质中都只占据Ca(Ⅱ )格位 ,但由于CaF2 的挥发 ,导致了Ca(Ⅱ )格位的局部畸变 .     

Synthesis And Properties Of Functional Ultra-High Molecular Weight Transparent Styrene-Butadiene Block Copolymer

Functional ultra-high molecular weight transparent styrene-butadiene block copolymer possesses both high transparency and impact resistance and has excellent comprehensive properties prior to other transparent resins. In this paper we not only use anionic polymerization process which includes 1 time addition of initiator and 3 time addition of monomers, but also introduce functional coupling agent for the fist time to prepare mentioned functional block copolymer. The typical preparation proces…     

Crystal Structures of Two Potential Tumor Imaging Agents and Therapeutic Agents Copper（Ⅱ） Ternary Complexes with Salicylidene-tyrosinato Schiff Base and Nitrogen-donor Chelating Lewis Base

The crystal structures of two potential tumor imaging agents and therapeutic agents -copper(Ⅱ) complexes with salicylidene-tyrosinato Schiff base and nitrogen-donor chelating Lewis base, [Cu(sal-tyr)(bipy)] 1 and [Cu(sal-tyr)(phen)]2CH3OH 2 are presented. Our work is helpful to get deep understanding of novel 64Cu tumor imaging agents and therapeutic agents.