Improving MCM‐41 as a Nitrosamines Trap through a One‐Pot Synthesis

Copper oxide was incorporated into MCM‐41 by a one‐pot synthesis under acidic conditions to prepare a new mesoporous nitrosamines trap for protection of the environment. The resulting composites were characterized by XRD, N₂ adsorption–desorption, and H₂ temperature‐programmed reduction techniques, and their adsorption capabilities were assessed in the gaseous adsorption of N‐nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR). The adsorption isotherms were consistent with the Freundlich equation. The copper salt was deposited onto MCM‐41 during the evaporation stage and was fixed on the host in the calcination process that followed. MCM‐41 was able to capture NPYR in air below 373 K but not at 453 K. Loading of copper oxide on MCM‐41 greatly improved its adsorption capability at elevated temperatures. The influence of the incorporation of copper into MCM‐41 samples and the adsorption behavior of these samples are discussed in detail.     

固定波长同步荧光光谱参数的理论计算

基于荧光激发光谱和发射光谱对波长呈高斯分布的设定,本文推导出固定波长同步荧光光谱峰峰值位置、相对强度和半峰宽度等3个主要光谱参数的理论计算式。所提出的计算式应用于若干荧光物质光谱参数的计算,并和实测值、文献计算值作了对照。结果表明,和文献计算方法相比,本法与所研究物质的实际光谱参数较为接近,可为固定波长同步荧光光谱参数的理论计算提供一有效方法。     

A study of the chemiluminescence of some acidic triphenylmethane dyes

Chemiluminescence was observed when some acidic triphenylmethane dyes were oxidized with hydrogen peroxide in alkaline solution. Trace amounts of Co(II) catalysed this chemiluminescent reaction strongly, especially in the presence of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The chemiluminescence spectra of some compounds and the absorption spectra of some products of the chemiluminescent reactions were investigated, and some acidic triphenylmethane dyes were studied by the Hückel molecular orbital method. On the basis of these investigations, a possible mechanism for this chemiluminescent reaction, and an initial explanation for the relationship between the structure of the reagents and their chemiluminescent behaviour were proposed. The optimum conditions for use of some of the chemiluminescent reaction systems were selected by means of the modified simplex method, and a chemiluminescent analytical method for determination of ultratrace amounts of cobalt was established, with a detection limit of 5 pg/ml. It was used for analysis of natural water samples, and good results were obtained.     

Entropy-enthalpy compensations in solutions of dual character molecules with polymeric chromatographic liquid phases

Careful gas chromatographic studies provide thermodynamic data for insights into solution processes in nonvolatile solvents. Using 24 solutes and five stationary phases, several entropy-enthalpy compensation effects in the thermodynamics of solution were identified. Despite solute structure differences, when excess enthalpy and entropy of solutions were examined, entropy-enthalpy compensation effects were found in solvents dominated by single types of interaction: squalane and, to some extent, methoxy poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The main reason for the absence of linearity in other solvents is pure solute state interactions in the reference state and the multicharacter nature of solvents. In this study, consideration of solute state interactions was removed through examination of the thermodynamics of transfer between solvent pairs. It was found that solute transfers from squalane to poly[methyl(trifluoropropyl)siloxane] (QF-1) and to poly(methylphenyl) (DC-550) also gave linear relationships. The former system contains a second correlation for ester type solutes. The transfer data for squalane to poly(methylsiloxane) (DC-200) had smaller ranges and were more scattered. The effects of derivatizing groups on the transfer enthalpy and entropy were treated as a summation of hydrocarbon cores with the derivative groups. The group properties of transfer then also show entropy-enthalpy compensation effects. Many solution effects could be explained on the basis of solvent composition and local interactions with solutes.     

Separation and determination of biphenyl nitrile compounds by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography with mixed surfactants

A mixture of six biphenyl nitrile compounds and three related substances with high hydrophobicity and similar structures was successfully separated by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) within 30 min. The microemulsion system contained 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 80 mM sodium cholate (SC), 0.81% v/v heptane, 7.5% v/v n-butanol, 10% v/v acetonitrile, and 10 mM borate. The addition of SC, organic modifiers, sample preparation, and temperature all showed remarkable effects on the separation. The capacity factor (k) was calculated by using dodecyl benzene as the marker for microemulsion, and the calculated partition coefficient log P(o/w) of the solutes was in the range of 3.35-7.38. The log k values matched well with the log P(o/w) with a correlation coefficient of 0.96. In addition, the linear correlation coefficients of each compound between peak area and concentration were from 0.996 to 0.998 with the repeatability RSD value < 1.2% for migration time and < 4.8% for peak area, and the highest theoretic plate number was > 586000. MEEKC was compared with micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) indicating that the former method is more suitable for this separation and can be used for the quality control of biphenyl nitrile compounds in the synthesis of liquid crystals.     

Detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: validation of a one-well assay and quantitative pooling studies

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are currently being mapped and databased at a remarkable pace, providing a viable means for understanding disease susceptibility, differential drug response and human evolution. Consequently, there is an increasing demand for SNP genotyping technologies that are simple, rapid, cost effective and readily amenable to automation for high-throughput analyses. In this study, we improved the Survivor Assay, a SNP detection method based on electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), with several developments. One improvement is the development of a one-well assay, requiring no off-line purification of the polymerase chain reaction product, achieved by simple addition of reagent solution into a single well. Another is the on-line separation of magnesium and dideoxynucleotides using an in-house made monolithic metal chelating column, eliminating any off-line sample preparation prior to mass spectrometric analysis. Here the Survivor Assay is extended from a proof-of-principle concept to a validated method by genotyping six SNPs from five different regions of human genomic DNA in 55 individual samples with 100% accuracy. This improved Survivor Assay eliminates the tedious and time-consuming steps of sample preparation, minimizes sample handing and offers a high-throughput analysis of SNPs by ESI-MS. The current combined preparation and analysis time is 2 min per sample. The simplicity of this method has potential for full automation and parallel chromatography and, thus, reduced analysis time. In addition, we have adapted the Survivor Assay for quantitative SNP analysis in pooled DNA samples. The capabilities and sensitivity of this approach were evaluated. We demonstrate that an allele occurring at a frequency of 2% can consistently be quantitated.     

Ag+、Hf2+与Tl3+对Belousov-Zhabotinskii反应影响的初步研究

本文初步研究TAg＋、Hg’十与T13十对以Mh‘十为催化剂的B－Z反应的影响，观察这些Br’去除离子存在下的极投环行为，并对其机理进行初步研讨．按照FKN机理同，B－Z反应是受Br一控制的．1979年N。SZtiCZills将适量的Ag十加入B·Z反应系统，澳离子选择电极上振荡虽被抑制了，但拍电极上却出现频率更高的振荡问．由于Ag十与Bt一生成了AgBr沉淀，使系统的［Br则降至其临界值以下，因此，Noszticzius认为不可能是Br控制的，FKN机理不再适用．1981年K5rs。等人报导了能与Br一形成稳定配合物的Hg‘十与T户十对B－Z反应的影响［3］…     

四(三苯基氧膦)高氯酸钕合乙醇配合物的合成及结构测定

合成了Nd(ClO_4)_3·4phP=O·C_2H_5OH配合物,用四园衍射仪测定了它的分子及晶体结构,此晶体属三斜晶系P1空间群,晶胞参数为:a=13.475(61)A;b=15.003(15)A;c=18.697(15)A;α=85.44(7);β=78.49(24)°;γ=83.13(26)°;V=3671.2A,分子由99个非氢原子组成,实际上分子可分为三个部分即:配阳离子[Nd(ClO_4)_2·4phPO]~+;阴离子ClO_4和溶剂合分子C_2H_5OH配阳离子的钕与八个氧配位,四个氧来自双齿配位的ClO_4,四个氧来自四个ph_3PO,八个配位氧组成三角十二面体。 中性膦(磷)类化合物包括(RO)_3P=O和R_3P=O是一类重要的萃取剂。工业上已应用的TBP和TOPO都属于这一类。为了研究这类萃取剂在不同底液中萃取行为之所以不同的内在因素,我们制备了不同希土盐类与三苯基氧膦的配合物,并对它们进行了结构测定。已知的中性氧膦希土配合物中进行过结构测定的有Ce(NO)·2phP=O、Nd(NO)_2·2php=O·C_2HOH、La(NO_3)_3·3php=O·C_2H_5OH·CHCl_3和Nd(NCS)·4php=O。这些配合物晶体及分子结构各异,这表明了三苯基氧膦在形成配合物时的复杂性。本文报导的Nd(ClO_4)·4phP=O·C_2H_5OH实际上是由三部分组成;即[Nd(ClO_4)_2·4phP=O]~+外界的ClO_4和溶剂合分子。这在中性配体与高氯酸希土形成的配合物中时有发现。已知结构的     

中性磷(膦)类稀土萃合物的结构研究(Ⅲ)——三(三苯基氧膦)合硝酸镧的合成及结构测定

合成了三(三苯基氧膦)合硝酸镧络合物, 经鉴定确定络合物化学式为La(NO_3)_3·3ph_3PO·C_2H_5OH·CHCl_3。其中C_2H_5OH和CHCl_3为溶剂化分子。经X射线单晶衍射, 测定了该络合物属单斜晶系P2_1/n空间群, 晶体学参数如下a=1.3111(5) nm Z=4b=2.5075(10) nm F(000)=2687.65c=1.8725(6) nm μ吸收系数=9.83(cm~(-1))β=98.53(3)° d计算=1.45 gcm~(-3)V=6.088 nm d实验=1.43 gcm~(-3)La与9个氧直接配位, 其中六个氧来自三个双卤配位硝酸根, 另三个氧分别由三个苯基氧膦上的膦酰基所提供。La-O平均键长0.2549 nm。     

表面活性剂混合物水溶液中的囊泡形成

1:1烷基羧酸钠-溴化烷基三甲铵混合水溶液的浓度在cmc以上时, 能自发或超声分散形成一类新型混合表面活性剂囊泡(单层膜), 正负离子表面活性剂的突出囊泡形成能力以及不同表面活性剂结构组合变化所显现的多样特性, 皆预示出混合功能有序组合体研究的广阔前景。