一种可用于分析任意介电常数张量的各向异性波导导模的二维时域有限差分模型

为分析具有任意介电常数张量的各向异性波导的导模，本文通过把简化的二维时域有限差分（２－ＤＦＤＴＤ）法扩展至任意各向异性介质，提出了一种以Ｄ、Ｅ和Ｈ场为基础的统一的简化２－ＤＦＤＴＤ模型．利用该模型，研究了简化的复数２－ＤＦＤＴＤ方法与实变数２－ＤＦＤＴＤ方法之间的关系．文中还讨论了复变数方法和实变数方法的激励技术．     

Sharp upper and lower bounds on the blow-up rate for nonlinear Schrödinger equation with potential

We consider the blow-up solutions of the Cauchy problem for critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a repulsive harmonic potential. In terms of Merle and Raphaël’s recent arguments as well as Carles’ transform, the sharp upper and lower bounds of the blow-up rate are obtained.     

Total Syntheses of (−)‐Huperzine Q and (+)‐Lycopladines B and C

Utilizing a late‐stage enamine bromofunctionalization strategy, the twelve‐step total synthesis of (?)‐huperzine Q was accomplished. Furthermore, the first total syntheses of (+)‐lycopladines B and C are described. An unprecedented X‐ray crystal structure of an unusual epoxyamine intermediate is also reported, and the synthetic application of this intermediate in natural product synthesis is demonstrated.     

Small‐Sized Tungsten Nitride Particles Strongly Anchored on Carbon Nanotubes and their Use as Supports for Pt for Methanol Electro‐oxidation

The anchoring of small‐sized WN (tungsten nitride) nanoparticles (NPs) with good dispersion on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offers an effective means of obtaining promising materials for use in electrocatalysis. Herein, an effective method based on grinding treatment followed by a nitridation process is proposed to realize this goal. In the synthesis, a solution containing H₄[SiO₄(W₃O₉)₄] (SiW₁₂) and CNTs modified with polyethylenimine (PEI‐CNTs) was ground to dryness. Small‐sized WN NPs were anchored onto the CNTs with good dispersion after calcination under NH₃. Under hydrothermal assembly conditions (absence of grinding), WN particles of larger size and with inferior dispersion were obtained, demonstrating the important role of the grinding process. The benefit of the small‐sized WN has been demonstrated by using WN/CNTs as a support for Pt to catalyze the methanol electro‐oxidation reaction. The mass activity of Pt‐WN/CNTs‐G‐70 (where G denotes the grinding treatment, and 70 is the loading amount (%) of WN in the WN/CNTs) was evaluated as about 817 mA mg^?1_Pt, better that those of commercial Pt/C (340 mA mg^?1_Pt) and Pt/CNTs (162 mA mg^?1_Pt). The Pt‐WN/CNTs‐G also displayed good CO tolerance. In contrast, Pt‐WN/CNTs prepared without the grinding process displayed an activity of 344 mA mg^?1_Pt, verifying the key role of grinding treatment in the preparation of WN/CNTs with good co‐catalytic effect.     

化学遗传学简介

化学遗传学是20世纪90年代开始兴起的交叉学科,是利用生物活性小分子与蛋白相互作用研究生物学系统功能的一种方法,是经典遗传学的补充。化学遗传学的历史可以追溯到几百年前。在现代药物靶标的发现上,化学遗传学起着非常重要的作用。     

改进的QuEChERS结合气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法快速测定酸肉中10种挥发性N-亚硝胺类化合物

采用改进的QuEChERS方法进行提取和净化,建立了气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(GC-MS/MS)快速测定酸肉样品中10种挥发性N-亚硝胺类化合物的检测方法。样品经乙腈提取和正己烷除脂后,采用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶(C18)和N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)混合吸附剂净化,采用DB-WAX色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)分离,在选择反应监测(SRM)模式下进行测定,外标法定量。10种N-亚硝胺类化合物在1~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均0.99。10种N-亚硝胺类化合物的加标回收率为79.8%~115.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.6%~22.9%(n=6);方法的检出限(LOD,S/N=3)和定量限(LOQ,S/N=10)分别为0.04~0.3μg/kg和0.1~1μg/kg。该法简便快速,灵敏有效,适用于酸肉中N-亚硝胺类化合物的快速筛查和测定。     

一种考虑拉伸保持效应的多轴疲劳寿命模型

通过定义考虑拉伸保载效应的CFI因子(creep-fatigue interaction factor)，将拉伸蠕变损伤和疲劳损伤进行非线性耦合. 根据断裂实验的观察，针对拉伸主 导的裂纹萌生、扩展及破坏的多轴疲劳问题，给出了一个基于临界面方法的能量型高温多轴 疲劳寿命预测模型. 所给出的模型可对不同温度、不同载荷特点、不同保载时间的多轴疲劳 寿命进行预测，模型的材料参数不依赖于温度和载荷. 并且此方法可以很方便地推广到其它 因素主导破坏的高温多轴疲劳寿命预测. 通过拟合高温合金Udimet720Li单轴带保持时间的 低循环疲劳(low cycle fatigue, LCF)寿命试验数据，得到了材料常数. 结合黏 塑性有限元分析方法，对高温双轴带保载循环载荷下Cruciform试件的寿命进行了 预测，预测结果基本落在2倍分散带内，达到工程的要求，证明了该模型的有效性.     

Tunable synthesis of propylene glycol ether from methanol and propylene oxide under ambient pressure

A series of basic and acidic ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide (BMIMOH), 1-acetyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AcMIMCl) and AcMIMCl-FeCl₃, or analogues of AcMIMCl, namely 1-potassium acetate-3-methylimidazolium chloride (KAcMIMCl), 1-potassium (sodium, ammonium) acetate-3-methylimidazolium hydroxides (KAcMIMOH, NaAcMIMOH and NH₄AcMIMOH), were prepared and used as catalysts for catalytic synthesis of propylene glycol ether via reaction of propylene oxide (PO) with methanol under mild reaction conditions. KAcMIMOH exhibited outstanding catalytic performance with 94.2% of conversion of PO and 99.1% of selectivity to 1-methoxy-2-propanol (MP-2) at 60°C and ambient pressure for 4 h. However, AcMIMCl-FeCl₃ showed a good catalysis performance with high selectivity to 2-methoxy-1-propanol (MP-1). The tunable synthesis of MP-2 or MP-1 catalyzed by basic compound KAcMIMOH or acidic ionic liquid AcMIMCl-FeCl₃ was realized.