基于液相色谱-质谱技术的肾脏代谢组学分析方法研究

建立了一种基于高效液相色谱-超高分辨质谱技术的肾脏代谢组学分析方法。肾脏组织于液氮中研磨成粉后,采用甲基叔丁基醚/甲醇/水溶剂体系进行提取,分别得到强极性部分(下层)和弱极性部分(上层)提取物,依次采用HILIC亲水色谱柱和反相C18色谱柱进行梯度洗脱分离后,进行高分辨质谱分析。采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),正、负离子模式检测,扫描方式为全扫描,扫描范围为100~1000 Da,质量分辨率为120000。结果表明,该方法灵敏度高,专属性强,稳定性良好,可同时获取肾脏组织中的强极性和弱极性代谢物信息,可为肾脏疾病和药物肾毒性生物标志物的发现提供一种新的方法。     

利用手持技术探究酸碱性对高锰酸钾氧化性的影响

高锰酸钾作为常用的氧化剂,其氧化性强弱与体系酸碱性相关。通过手持技术,利用氧化还原电势(ORP)传感器和pH传感器去探究体系酸碱性对高锰酸钾氧化性的影响。实验发现:pH在酸性条件下,高锰酸钾溶液的氧化性明显增强,随着体系pH的减小,氧化性继续增强;在碱性条件下,其氧化性明显减弱,随着体系pH的增大,其氧化性继续减弱。实际实验中需要根据各种综合因素选用适宜酸碱性的高锰酸钾溶液做氧化剂。     

基于钨(钼)酸铋半导体复合材料的合成及其在光催化降解中的应用

由于全球的工农业的迅速发展,水污染已成为人类所面临的最大危机。基于半导体光催化法是治理水污染的绿色技术之一,能够有效地降解和去除水中的污染物。在众多光催化材料中,金属氧化物半导体由于其具有低毒性、高稳定性和对水溶液中化学腐蚀的较高的抵抗力等优点,而被科学家们广泛地研究和应用。其中,三元组分的金属氧化物因其具有较窄的禁带宽度和可见光响应性质,在光催化降解领域上的能力已经超过其他的金属化合物。本文系统地介绍了两种典型的三元金属氧化物——钨酸铋和钼酸铋,围绕着基于钨酸铋和钼酸铋的复合型催化剂的制备和在光催化降解废水处理领域中的应用以及发展进行了综述,提出了目前关于钨酸铋和钼酸铋的复合材料的设计、机理研究和改性修饰方法中的所存在的主要问题,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Pt/TiO2-Al2O3整体式催化剂的制备及甲醛废气催化氧化

以Al₂O₃-TiO₂混合物为载体,采用过量浸渍法负载Pt制备出催化剂涂层,再将其涂覆到堇青石蜂窝载体上制备了整体式催化剂,利用N₂吸附/脱附、XRD、NH₃-TPD、SEM-EDS表征。研究了催化剂涂层中TiO₂含量和Pt负载量对甲醛去除率的影响。结果表明：TiO₂的含量为5wt%,Pt的负载量为1wt%的整体式催化剂在室温（5~35 ℃）、甲醛气体进口浓度为50~300 mg·m^-3和体积空速为10000 h^-1的条件下,甲醛去除率达98.4%以上。连续反应150 h之后催化剂仍可保持良好催化活性。      

高分子聚合物/有机物复合型高温缓凝剂的构建及其性能研究

通过水溶液聚合法合成高分子聚合物缓凝剂PID-1,采用红外光谱、热重分析及扫描电镜分析了PID-1的化学结构、热稳定性及微观结构,并基于低场核磁工作分析测试技术及扫描电镜等对其缓凝性能进行了分析。辅以具有缓凝性能的有机物PN构建高分子聚合物/有机物复合型高温缓凝剂PID-2,就其缓凝作用、稠化性能、温度及加量敏感性等进行了探讨,并结合孔隙度演变、水化产物类型及含量揭示了复合型高温缓凝剂PID-2影响水泥浆体系早期抗压强度发育的内在机理。      

基于ESIPT机理香豆素荧光化合物的合成和光学性质

以3-碘苯酚为原料,经过甲酰化反应、Knoevenagel缩合反应、Sonogashira偶联和还原反应得到以香豆素为母体的目标化合物7-（甲氧基苯乙炔基）香豆素-3-甲醇(5)。化合物5的结构经过¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和MS(ESI)分析表征确认。并对化合物5的光学性质进行了研究,结果表明：化合物5具有典型的 ESIPT 发光机理,可以构建比率计量型双光子荧光探针。      

A Perspective: the Technical Barriers of Zn Metal Batteries

Energy storage will witness a leap of understanding of new battery chemistries.Considering the safety that cannot be compromised,new aqueous batteries may surface as the solutions to meet the immense market needs,where the growth of renewables is no longer limited by the lack of storage.Aqueous Zn-metal batteries are intriguing candidates to deliver the desirable properties and exhibit competitive levelized energy cost.However,the fact that most commercial Zn batteries are primary batteries states the difficulty of reversibility for the reactions of electrodes in such batteries.This article will highlight the practical needs that guide the development of storage batteries.The causes of irreversibility for both cathode and zinc metal anode are discussed,and the potential solutions for these challenges are summarized.Zn metal batteries may one day address the storage needs,and there exists a vast potential to further improve the properties of reactions in this battery.     

Enriched Surface Oxygen Vacancies of Photoanodes by Photoetching with Enhanced Charge Separation

A facile photoetching approach is described that alleviates the negative effects from bulk defects by confining the oxygen vacancy (O_vac) at the surface of BiVO₄ photoanode, by 10‐minute photoetching. This strategy could induce enriched O_vac at the surface of BiVO₄, which avoids the formation of excessive bulk defects. A mechanism is proposed to explain the enhanced charge separation at the BiVO₄ /electrolyte interface, which is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The optimized BiVO₄ with enriched surface O_vac presents the highest photocurrent among undoped BiVO₄ photoanodes. Upon loading FeOOH/NiOOH cocatalysts, photoetched BiVO₄ photoanode reaches a considerable water oxidation photocurrent of 3.0 mA cm^?2 at 0.6 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode. An unbiased solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency of 3.5 % is realized by this BiVO₄ photoanode and a Si photocathode under 1 sun illumination.     

Expanding the Toolbox of Metal–Phenolic Networks via Enzyme‐Mediated Assembly

Functional coatings are of considerable interest because of their fundamental implications for interfacial assembly and promise for numerous applications. Universally adherent materials have recently emerged as versatile functional coatings; however, such coatings are generally limited to catechol, (ortho‐diphenol)‐containing molecules, as building blocks. Here, we report a facile, biofriendly enzyme‐mediated strategy for assembling a wide range of molecules (e.g., 14 representative molecules in this study) that do not natively have catechol moieties, including small molecules, peptides, and proteins, on various surfaces, while preserving the molecule's inherent function, such as catalysis (≈80 % retention of enzymatic activity for trypsin). Assembly is achieved by in situ conversion of monophenols into catechols via tyrosinase, where films form on surfaces via covalent and coordination cross‐linking. The resulting coatings are robust, functional (e.g., in protective coatings, biological imaging, and enzymatic catalysis), and versatile for diverse secondary surface‐confined reactions (e.g., biomineralization, metal ion chelation, and N‐hydroxysuccinimide conjugation).     

Photoinduced Single‐Electron Transfer as an Enabling Principle in the Radical Borylation of Alkenes with NHC–Borane

A photoinduced SET process enables the direct B?H bond activation of NHC–boranes. In contrast to common hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) strategies, this photoinduced reaction simply takes advantage of the beneficial redox potentials of NHC–boranes, thus obviating the need for extra radical initiators. The resulting NHC–boryl radical was used for the borylation of a wide range of α‐trifluoromethylalkenes and alkenes with diverse electronic and structural features, providing facile access to highly functionalized borylated molecules. Labeling and photoquenching experiments provide insight into the mechanism of this photoinduced SET pathway.