2,4-二硝基苯肼衍生-高效液相色谱测定大气细粒子中二羰基类化合物

以2,4-二硝基苯肼作为衍生化试剂,采用高效液相色谱法定量检测了大气细粒子(PM2.5)中二羰基类化合物。以乙二醛和甲基乙二醛为目标化合物,对二羰基类化合物采样条件(采集时间,流速等)、样品处理及分析条件进行了优化。研究表明,利用3mL衍生化溶液(含0.25mmol/LHCl和30μL饱和DNPH-乙腈溶液)和3mL乙腈可有效提取滤膜上的二羰基类化合物;本方法在滤膜采样12h内的采样及洗脱效果较好。利用此方法对上海市宝山区上海大学和崇明东平国家森林公园大气细粒子(PM2.5)中二羰基化合物进行了检测。     

Solitons and periodic waves for the (2 + 1)-dimensional generalized Caudrey–Dodd–Gibbon–Kotera–Sawada equation in fluid mechanics

Nonlinear Dynamics - Fluid mechanics has the applications in a wide range of disciplines, such as oceanography, astrophysics, meteorology, and biomedical engineering. Under investigation in this...     

Radial collapse and physical mechanism of carbon nanotube with divacancy and 5-8-5 defects

By employing molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the radial collapses and elasticities of different chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) with divacancy, and 5-8-5 defects. It is found that divacancy and 5-8-5 defect can reduce the collapse pressure(Pc) of SWCNT(10, 10) while 5-8-5 defect can greatly increase Pc of SWCNT(17, 0). For example, 5-8-5 defect can make Pc of SWCNT(17, 0) increase by 500%. A model is established to understand the effects of chirality, divacancy, and 5-8-5 defect on radial collapse of SWCNTs. The results are particularly of value for understanding the mechanical behavior of SWCNT with divacancy, and the 5-8-5 defect that may be considered as a filler of high loading composites.     

超级铝热剂Al/Fe2O3的制备、表征及对环三亚甲基三硝胺热分解的影响

采用水热法制备了中空短棒状纳米Fe2O3,并用超声分散法将其与纳米Al颗粒复合为单金属氧化基超级铝热剂.利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、扫描电镜及能量散射光谱仪(SEM-EDS)对样品进行表征.并运用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对比研究了超级铝热剂Al/Fe2O3、Al粉和纳米Fe2O3对环三亚甲基三硝胺(RDX)热分解特性的影响.结果表明:超级铝热剂的加入改变了RDX的热分解过程,并加剧了RDX的二次气相反应;随着超级铝热剂含量的增加,RDX的分解峰峰形发生了明显的改变;Al/Fe2O3、Al粉和Fe2O3对RDX热分解的作用主要表现为二次分解峰逐渐明显且峰温降低.     

涂布2,4-二硝基苯肼的环形溶蚀器/滤膜系统和高效液相色谱法检测大气中二羰基化合物

建立了环形溶蚀器/滤膜系统(Annular denuder/filter pack system)和2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)-高效液相色谱法(HPLC)采集和检测大气中气相和颗粒相二羰基化合物的方法。DNPH作为吸附剂分别涂布在环形溶蚀器的内壁和3层滤膜上,当大气样品经过环形溶蚀器时,含有气相二羰基化合物的气体吸附到环形溶蚀管内壁上与DN-PH发生反应,而颗粒相部分穿过环形溶蚀管,采集到滤膜上。样品经乙腈洗脱、浓缩后,采用HPLC进行分析。根据不同的采样流速、采样时间和DNPH的涂布量采集到的二羰基化合物的浓度,确定的最佳采样条件为:采样流速4 L/min,采样时间4~5 h,DNPH浓度0.47 g/L。使用Tedlar bag验证环形溶蚀器乙二醛和甲基乙二醛的采集效率(分别为82%和85%)。利用此方法对实际大气中的二羰基化合物进行了检测。     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Cu(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymer: [Cu(L)(1,10-phen)]_n

A new complex [Cu(L)(1,10-phen)]n(1, L = N-3-pyridine sulfonyl amino acid) has been synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis, and its crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 11.481(2), b = 18.094(4), c = 8.5198(17) , β = 102.26(3)°,V = 1729.5(6) 3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.759 g/cm3, F(000) = 932, μ = 1.422 mm-1, R = 0.0368 and wR = 0.0893. In 1, the Cu(Ⅱ) ion adopts a slightly distorted five-coordinated square pyramidal geometry. The L2- ligand adopts O of the carboxyl bridging adjacent Cu(Ⅱ) units to form an infinite chain structure along the c axis. Also, π-π stacking interactions between the adjacent chains expanded the 1-D structures into a 3-D supramolecular structure.     

A new isoflavone from the roots of Ficus auriculata

A new isoflavone, 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′-hydroxymethylisoflavone (1), together with three known isoflavones, 3′-formyl-5,4′-dihydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavone (2), ficuisoflavone (3) and alpinumisoflavone (4), were isolated from the roots of Ficus auriculata. Among them, 1 is a rare isoflavone containing 16 carbon atoms on the carbon skeleton. The structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and the known compounds were identified by comparisons with data reported in the literature. All compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against five terrestrial pathogenic bacteria in vitro. Compounds 1–4 showed significant antibacterial activities against various terrestrial pathogenic bacteria with MIC values ranging from 1.30 to 39.93 μM.     

基于浸取pH依赖性的离子吸附型稀土分类及高效浸取方法

研究了稀土及主要杂质离子被硫酸铵浸出的pH依赖性。结果证明稀土和钙镁等离子的浸取率在低酸度范围内随酸度增大有明显提高,继续提高酸度并不会进一步提高浸取率,而铝、铁、钪等易水解金属离子的浸取率随酸度增大而持续增加。据此,基于离子吸附型稀土的定义及浸取所需pH值的范围,将离子吸附型稀土进一步区分为易浸稀土和难浸稀土,其中难浸稀土是需要在弱酸性条件(pH≤4)下才能浸取的被胶体等强吸附剂吸附的稀土离子。由于在不同地区和不同矿层及不同粒级的样品中所含强吸附剂的量以及磨蚀pH(pHd)和交换pH(pHt)的不同,这两类离子吸附型稀土的比例不同。对于pHd和pHt值较高的矿样,适当提高浸取酸度可以显著提高稀土浸取率。为此,提出了分阶段浸取稀土并增加石灰水护尾工序来保证稀土浸取率和尾矿安全稳定性的原则流程。     

核磁共振技术研究甲基β-环糊精与水杨酸、苯的相互作用

利用核磁共振技术和理论计算,探索了定性、定量研究分子间相互作用的方法。以水杨酸与甲基β-环糊精(M-β-CD)为实验对象,用扩散排序核磁共振(DOSY)和NOE技术表征了水杨酸在M-β-CD中的包合物,以定量氢谱(1H-NMR)测定了包合物中水杨酸的含量,并与紫外法进行了比较。以水杨酸、苯与M-β-CD为研究对象,定性定量考察了水杨酸与苯在M-β-CD中的包合竞争现象,并通过对水杨酸、苯与M-β-CD的结合能的理论计算分析了该竞争。本文为研究分子间相互作用,尤其是药物与大分子之间的相互作用提供了一个简便、快速、有效的方法。     

原子核对光电离截面的影响

利用Dirac-Slater相对论平均自洽场理论,研究了不同原子体系光电离截面在不同核模型下的差异.考虑原子核大小时,核的尺寸效应使电子所感受到的有效核电荷减小,并进而影响到电子的概率分布及光电离截面等;对没有考虑原子核大小的点模型,由于不存在核的尺寸效应,出射光电子的波函数有较大相移,从而有可能出现Cooper极小.当入射光子的能量远大于相关电子的电离能时,不同核模型下电子束缚能及平均半径等的差异将相对减小,从而使光电离截面随入射光子能量的变化趋于一致.