碳量子点阳离子表面活性剂的多功能性

碳量子点以其多彩的荧光及廉价而丰富的制备原料引起人们的广泛兴趣。至今,已有大量关于碳量子点制备及其荧光性能直接利用的文献报道。若采用恰当的方法对碳量子点进行化学修饰,则可以将其转化为实用的精细化学品,从而拓展碳量子点的应用领域。本文报道了一种碳量子点阳离子表面活性剂的制备方法。首先,乙二胺四乙酸、二乙胺及双氧水的混合水溶液经水热处理,获得碳量子点(以OX-CQDs表示),再以氯代正构十二烷对其进行季铵化修饰,获得新型碳量子点阳离子表面活性剂(以OX-CQDs-C₁₂H₂₅表示)。OX-CQDs-C₁₂H₂₅具有良好的降低水的表面张力和减小水接触角的能力,水的界面张力能降低至26.7 mN∙m⁻¹,其性能超过了一些新型的Gemini型阳离子表面活性剂;季铵化的修饰也大大提高了OX-CQDs对大肠杆菌的抑菌能力,低至0.41 mg∙mL⁻¹的OX-CQDs-C₁₂H₂₅溶液其抑菌率接近100%。表面活性剂,抑菌性和荧光性能赋予了OX-CQDs-C₁₂H₂₅的多种功能性。     

多相固体催化剂用于甘油氧化制乳酸研究进展

随着新的全球气候协议下的中国双碳行动计划的实施, 开发和利用可再生生物质资源显得极为重要. 甘油作为生物柴油在生产过程中的主要副产物, 将其催化转化成各种高附加值衍生物受到广泛关注, 其中甘油选择性氧化为乳酸具有巨大的应用前景. 近年来, 采用固体催化剂催化氧化甘油制乳酸成为国内外学者研究的热点. 我们综述了固体催化剂用于甘油催化转化制备乳酸的研究现状, 对甘油催化转化为乳酸的反应途径做了分析, 并讨论了影响催化剂活性的因素, 对当前所存在的问题提出建议, 也对未来相关催化剂制备发展进行了展望.     

Superhydrophobic surface based on micro/nano structured ZnO nanosheets for high-efficiency anticorrosion

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - There are two key factors in the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces. One is to have the appropriate micro/nano structure, and the other is to reduce...     

基于生物炭的高级氧化技术降解水中有机污染物

碳基材料催化剂因具有良好的催化性能,同时可避免金属催化剂的重金属沥出造成的二次污染问题,常被应用于高级氧化领域。其中,以废弃生物质为原材料热解产生的生物炭,不仅具有催化潜力,还具有低成本和绿色环保等优势,被广泛用于活化过氧化氢、过一硫酸氢盐和过二硫酸盐等过氧化物降解水中有机污染物。本文介绍了生物炭的前体种类和制备方法、阐述了二者对生物炭活化能力的影响,总结了生物炭活化过氧化物的机理,分析了水质对降解污染物的影响,综述了生物炭的改性、循环使用及再生,指出了这一技术存在的问题并对后续研究进行了展望。     

微生物铁氧化还原作用对水中砷锑去除影响的研究进展

砷锑污染在全球领域广泛存在,与常规的铁氧化物相比,微生物铁氧化生成的含Fe(Ⅲ)矿物对水中砷/锑(As/Sb)具有更强的吸附能力,并因其高效、实用和环境友好而具有广阔的应用前景,但微生物铁还原也可能导致被吸附的As/Sb再次释放。本文综述了微生物铁氧化还原作用对As/Sb去除影响的研究进展,归纳了铁矿物“合成-溶解-转化”的微生物循环过程以及该循环伴随的水中As/Sb固定、溶解与转化机理,整合了微生物合成Fe(Ⅲ)矿物的矿物学性质、对As/Sb固定的热动力学规律和络合机制,总结了微生物合成Fe(Ⅲ)矿物对As/Sb去除的影响因素,基于该研究的现存问题展望了利用微生物铁氧化还原作用去除As/Sb的发展方向。     

In Vivo Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide in Brain and Cell

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), is proposed as a cytoprotectant and gasotransmitter, involving in many physiological processes and regulating of some diseases. In addition, H₂S is a small molecular with a minimum of steric hindrance compared with other reactive sulfur species. In physiological atmosphere, H₂S is mainly existent in HS⁻, which has a strong nucleophilicity and reducing potency. It also can precipitate with some metal ions forming metallic sulfides with high precipitation coefficient. In recent years, the researchers have a desire to develop methods to achieve real-time detection of H₂S in vivo, further understanding the physiology and pathology of H₂S. In this minireview, we summarize recent progress for detecting of H₂S in brain or cell and briefly expound the principle of methods with the comparison of the different methods between performance and temporal resolution.     

Reversal of circularly polarized luminescence direction and an “on-off” switch driven by exchange between UV light irradiation and the applied direct current electric field

Science China Chemistry - We report the rational design of a dual stimulus-activated quaternary chiral emission nematic liquid crystals (Q-N*-LCs) containing light-driven chiral dopant R-S-R-1, a...     

Solid-phase extraction techniques based on nanomaterials for mycotoxin analysis: An overview for food and agricultural products

Mycotoxin contamination is a globally concerned problem for food and agricultural products since it may directly or indirectly induce severe threats to human health. Sensitive and selective screening is an efficient strategy to prevent or reduce human and animal exposure to mycotoxins. However, enormous challenges exist in the determination of mycotoxins, arising from complex sample matrices, trace-level analytes, and the co-occurrence of diverse mycotoxins. Appropriate sample preparation is essential to isolate, purify, and enrich mycotoxins from complicated matrices, thus decreasing sample matrix effects and lowering detection limits. With the cross-disciplinary development, new solid-phase extraction strategies have been exploited and integrated with nanotechnology to meet the challenges of mycotoxin analysis. This review summarizes the advance and progress of solid-phase extraction techniques as the methodological solutions for mycotoxin analysis. Emphases are paid on nanomaterials fabricated as trapping media of solid-phase extraction techniques, including carbonaceous nanoparticles, metal/metal oxide-based nanoparticles, and nanoporous materials. Advantages and limitations are discussed, along with the potential prospects.     

In-situ grown metal organic framework synergistic system for the enantioseparation of three drugs in open tubular capillary electrochromatography

Metal organic frameworks have received great attention as the chiral stationary phase for racemic drug separation because of their fascinating structures and properties. However, the most homochiral metal organic frameworks were constructed by rare and precious chiral organic ligands. In this work, an achiral metal organic framework, together with a natural chiral selector carboxymethyl β-cyclodextrin built a synergistic separation system in the open tubular capillary electrochromatography. The novel coated columns were developed by inducing metal organic framework nanoparticles to grow on the imidazolyl functional capillary inner wall. The baseline separations of hydroxychloroquine, ofloxacin, and atenolol were achieved in the synergistic separation system. The effects of the concentration of chiral selector, pH, voltage, and the concentration of organic additives were studied. Compared with chiral selector auxiliary bare capillary, the resolutions of three drugs were remarkably improved. The relative standard deviations for the retention time of intraday (n = 6), interday (n = 6), and column-to-column were less than 2.1, 2.6, and 5.2%, respectively. These results demonstrate that affordable synergistic separation systems are prospective for racemic drug enantioseparation in capillary electrochromatography.