Highly sensitive giant magnetoimpedance in a solenoid containing FeCo-based ribbon

The highly sensitive giant magneto-impedance effect in a solenoid containing a magnetic core of Fe36Co36Nb4Si4.8B19.2(FeCo-based) ribbon under a weak magnetic field(WMF) is presented in this paper.The FeCo-based amorphous ribbon is prepared by single roller quenching and annealed with Joule heat in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere.The giant magnetoimpedance effect in solenoid(GMIES) profiles are measured with an HP4294A impedance analyzer.The result shows that the GMIES responds to the WMF sensitively(as high as 1580 %/A·m 1).The high sensitivity can be obtained in a moderate narrow range of annealing current density(30-34 A/mm 2) and closely depends on the driven current frequency.The highest sensitivity(1580 %/A·m 1) is obtained when the FeCobased amorphous ribbon is annealed at 32 A/mm 2 for 10 min and then driven with an alterning current(AC) at the frequency of 350 kHz.The highly sensitive GMIES under the WMF may result from the multiple magnetic-anisotropic structure,which is induced by the temperature gradient produced during Joule-heating the ribbon.     

In-situ multi-information measurement system for preparing gallium nitride photocathode

We introduce the first domestic in-situ multi-information measurement system for a gallium nitride (GaN) photo- cathode. This system can successfully fulfill heat cleaning and activation for GaN in an ultrahigh vacuum environment and produce a GaN photocathode with a negative electron affinity (NEA) status. Information including the heat clean- ing temperature, vacuum degree, photocurrent, electric current of cesium source, oxygen source, and the most important information about the spectral response, or equivalently, the quantum efficiency (QE) can be obtained during prepa- ration. The preparation of a GaN photocathode with this system indicates that the optimal heating temperature in a vacuum is about 700 C. We also develop a method of quickly evaluating the atomically clean surface with the vacuum degree versus wavelength curve to prevent possible secondary contamination when the atomic level cleaning surface is tested with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photocurrent shows a quick enhancement when the current ratio between the cesium source and oxygen source is 1.025. The spectral response of the GaN photocathode is flat in a wavelength range from 240 nm to 365 nm, and an abrupt decline is observed at 365 nm, which demonstrates that with the in-situ multi-information measurement system the NEA GaN photocathode can be successfully prepared.     

An effective reflectance method for designing broadband antireflection films coupled with solar cells

The solar spectrum covers a broad wavelength range,which requires that antireflection coating(ARC) is effective over a relatively wide wavelength range for more incident light coming into the cell.In this paper,we present two methods to measure the composite reflection of SiO2/ZnS double-layer ARC in the wavelength ranges of 300-870 nm(dualjunction) and 300-1850 nm(triple-junction),under the solar spectrum AM0.In order to give sufficient consideration to the ARC coupled with the window layer and the dispersion effect of the refractive index of each layer,we use multidimensional matrix data for reliable simulation.A comparison between the results obtained from the weighted-average reflectance(WAR) method commonly used and that from the effective-average reflectance(EAR) method introduced here shows that the optimized ARC through minimizing the effective-average reflectance is convenient and available.     

Thermospin effects in parallel coupled double quantum dots in the presence of the Rashba spin-orbit interaction and Zeeman splitting

The thermoelectric and the thermospin transport properties,including electrical conductivity,Seebeck coefficient,thermal conductivity,and thermoelectric figure of merit,of a parallel coupled double-quantum-dot Aharonov-Bohm interferometer are investigated by means of the Green function technique.The periodic Anderson model is used to describe the quantum dot system,the Rashba spin-orbit interaction and the Zeeman splitting under a magnetic field are considered.The theoretical results show the constructive contribution of the Rashba effect and the influence of the magnetic field on the thermospin effects.We also show theoretically that material with a high figure of merit can be obtained by tuning the Zeeman splitting energy only.     

Laser guiding of cold molecules in a hollow optical fiber and continuous-wave cold molecular beam generation

A novel scheme for guiding arbitrary buffer-gas cooled neutral molecules in a hollow optical fiber(HOF) using a red-detuned HE 11 mode is proposed and analysed theoretically.We give the electromagnetic field distribution of the HE 11 mode in the HOF and calculate the optical potential of an I 2 molecule,and study the molecule guiding mechanism using a classical Monte Carlo simulation.Using a 6 kW input laser,an S-shape HOF with a 2 cm curvature radius for both bends,and an input molecular beam with a transverse temperature of 0.5 K and longitudinal temperature of 5 K,we obtain a guiding efficiency of ～0.126% for the scheme,and the transverse and longitudinal temperatures of the guided molecular beam are 1.9 mK and 0.5 K,respectively.     

Propagation properties of stochastic electromagnetic double-vortex beams in a turbulent atmosphere

Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle,we study the propagation properties of stochastic electromagnetic double-vortex beams in a turbulent atmosphere.The result shows that the spreading of partially coherent double-vortex beams can be smaller than that of fully coherent ones.The degree of polarization of this kind of beam will experience change,which is dependent on the degree of polarization of the source plane,the atmospheric turbulence,topological charge,and the spatial coherence.The results may have applications in space optical communication.     

Mechanical properties of silicon nanobeams with an undercut evaluated by combining the dynamic resonance test and finite element analysis

Mechanical properties of silicon nanobeams are of prime importance in nanoelectromechanical system applications.A numerical experimental method of determining resonant frequencies and Young’s modulus of nanobeams by combining finite element analysis and frequency response tests based on an electrostatic excitation and visual detection by using a laser Doppler vibrometer is presented in this paper.Silicon nanobeam test structures are fabricated from silicon-oninsulator wafers by using a standard lithography and anisotropic wet etching release process,which inevitably generates the undercut of the nanobeam clamping.In conjunction with three-dimensional finite element numerical simulations incorporating the geometric undercut,dynamic resonance tests reveal that the undercut significantly reduces resonant frequencies of nanobeams due to the fact that it effectively increases the nanobeam length by a correct value △L,which is a key parameter that is correlated with deviations in the resonant frequencies predicted from the ideal Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and experimentally measured data.By using a least-square fit expression including △L,we finally extract Young’s modulus from the measured resonance frequency versus effective length dependency and find that Young’s modulus of a silicon nanobeam with 200-nm thickness is close to that of bulk silicon.This result supports that the finite size effect due to the surface effect does not play a role in the mechanical elastic behaviour of silicon nanobeams with thickness larger than 200 nm.     

Density functional study of uranyl （VI） amidoxime complexes

Uranyl (Ⅵ) amidoxime complexes are investigated using relativistic density functional theory. The equilibrium structures, bond orders, and Mulliken populations of the complexes have been systematically investigated under a generalized gradient approximation (GGA). Comparison of (acet) uranyl amidoxime complexes ([UO 2 (AO) n ] 2 n , 1≤ n ≤4) with available experimental data shows an excellent agreement. In addition, the U-O(1), U-O(3), C(1)-N(2), and C(3)-N(4) bond lengths of [UO 2 (CH 3 AO) 4 ] 2 are longer than experimental data by about 0.088, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.056 A. The angles of N(3)-O(3)-U, O(2)-N(1)-C(1), N(3)-C(3)-N(4), N(4)-C(3)-C(4), and C(4)-C(3)-N(3) are different from each other, which is due to existing interaction between oxygen in uranyl and hydrogen in amino group. This interaction is found to be intra-molecular hydrogen bond. Studies on the bond orders, Mulliken charges, and Mulliken populations demonstrate that uranyl oxo group functions as hydrogen-bond acceptors and H atoms in ligands act as hydrogen-bond donors forming hydrogen bonds within the complex.     

Growth and spectroscopic characteristics of Nd-doped PbWO₄ crystal

Nd-doped PbWO4 crystals are grown by using the modified Bridgman method.The spectroscopic properties of the crystals are investigated.The changes of the absorption band at 350 nm are discussed for samples annealed at 740℃ and 1040℃.The radiative lifetime of the 4 F 3/2 level is calculated by using the Judd-Ofelt theory according to the absorption spectrum of 0.5 at.% Nd-doped PbWO 4 crystal.The spontaneous Raman scattering properties of the crystals are analysed.     

Strain relaxation and optical properties of etched In_0.19Ga_0.81 N nanorod arrays on the GaN template

InGaN/GaN epilayers,which are grown on sapphire substrates by the metal-organic chemical-vapour deposition(MOCVD) method,are formed into nanorod arrays using inductively coupled plasma etching via self-assembled Ni nanomasks.The formation of nanorod arrays eliminates the tilt of the InGaN(0002) crystallographic plane with respect to its GaN bulk layer.Photoluminescence results show an apparent S-shaped dependence on temperature.The light extraction efficiency and intensity of photoluminescence emission at low temperature of less than 30 K for the nanorod arrays are enhanced by the large surface area,which increases the quenching effect because of the high density of surface states for the temperature above 30 K.Additionally,a red-shift for the InGaN/GaN nanorod arrays is observed due to the strain relaxation,which is confirmed by reciprocal space mapping measurements.