柠檬酸配合法制备CuMnCeOx催化剂及常温催化氧化性能研究

摘要：常温催化氧化是消除室内HCHO污染最可行的方法之一,其中以过渡金属氧化物为代表的催化剂因性能优异、成本低廉而备受广泛关注。采用柠檬酸络合法和水热法制备了一系列CuMnCeOx催化剂,研究考察制备方法及载体对催化剂氧化性能的影响,并利用XRD、SEM、BET、H2-TPR、XPS和IR等对催化剂进行微观表征与分析。研究发现,制备方法及载体类型对催化剂的表面结构形貌、氧化性能产生显著影响,其中采用柠檬酸络合法所制的CuMnCeOx-C催化剂性能最佳,48h的HCHO去除率达98.6%,完全满足GB50325-2001标准要求,其介孔结构,晶体粒径及所形成的铈基铜锰固溶体均利于形成大量氧空位及催化氧化反应,且展示出良好的抗水蒸气和稳定性能,其在常温催化氧化VOCs方面具有重要应用前景。     

纸吸管中非挥发性迁移物的非靶向筛查及风险评估

根据欧盟法规推荐的两种食物模拟物对纸吸管样品进行模拟迁移试验,并基于超高效液相色谱－四极杆飞行时间质谱（UPLC－Q－TOF MS）对样品中的迁移物进行非靶向筛查,得到包括润滑剂、施胶剂、抗氧剂降解产物、消泡剂在内的31种有意添加物和非有意添加物。利用该课题组前期建立的风险矩阵,即风险 = 危害（毒性水平 + Cramer分级 + 4 × 致突变性） × 暴露（4 × 水溶性 + 4 × 渗透性）,对纸吸管中31种迁移物进行风险分级。结果表明,未发现Ⅰ级高风险物质,Ⅱ级风险物质中得分较高的来自润滑剂（十六酸酰胺等）、施胶剂（海松酸等）和消泡剂（聚乙二醇等）中的成分,对Ⅱ级风险物质进行半定量分析,通过对比暴露量和TTC阈值,发现酰胺类润滑剂（尤其是芥酸酰胺）存在健康风险,应在纸吸管生产加工过程中引起关注。     

Size-controllable carbon spheres doped Ni (II) for enhancing the catalytic oxidation of methanol

Ni(II)/CSs were prepared using a simple two-step hydrothermal method. The morphology and composition of the catalysts were studied with scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the surface of the prepared carbon spheres was rich in hydroxyl groups, which was beneficial to remove CO intermediates, and therefore, improving the catalytic efficiency and the antipoisoning ability of the catalysts. The results of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry showed that the electrocatalytic activity and stability of Ni(II)/CSs were higher than that of unloaded NiAc under alkaline environment. When the nickel content was 5 wt.%, the peak oxidation current density of methanol on Ni(II)/CSs electrocatalyst reached the maximum of 34.54 mA/cm², which was about 1.8 times that of unloaded NiAc. These results indicate that Ni(II)/CSs has potential applications in the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol.     

多模光纤不同模式布里渊散射参数

基于射线光学和波动光学理论分析了多模光纤的布里渊散射特性,提出了确定布里渊散射角取值范围的方法;推导了阶跃型和渐变型多模光纤不同模式群布里渊频移、线宽、散射谱和散射功率的表达式.结果表明,阶跃型和渐变型多模光纤布里渊散射角的最大取值范围为全反射临界角的2倍到π;阶跃型光纤的布里渊频移、线宽、归一化峰值增益和散射功率随模式群的变化比渐变型光纤缓慢,且随着模式群编号的增加,阶跃型光纤的上述参量分别在11.084~10.932GHz、21.760~21.168 MHz、1~0.933和1.990×10-9~1.857×10-9 W范围内呈曲线下降;渐变型光纤的上述参量分别在11.064~10.969GHz、21.683~21.314MHz、1~0.957和2.052×10-9~1.965×10-9 W范围内呈直线下降.     

光栅投影相位法系统模型及标定方法

本文针对传统投影光栅相位法的光学三角法模型进行了改进,采用直入射光路并配合使用一种简便易行的标定方法,只需使用相移公式求取相位差,而不会引入与系统几何位置关系有关的量,简化了求取高度矩阵的要求。实验结果表明,新系统模型精度良好,测量误差为0.107 mm。采用该模型和标定方法可以克服传统方法系统模型的局限性,最大限度减少误差源并提高抗干扰性。     

SnO_2/石墨纳米片复合电极及其在超级电容器中的应用

在电场的作用下对石墨棒进行电化学剥离,使其表面形成相互平行排列,且垂直于石墨棒基底的二维(2D)石墨纳米片阵列(GNSA).然后通过阴极还原电沉积法制备Sn O2/石墨纳米片阵列(Sn O2/GNSA)复合电极.采用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱对其形貌和结构进行了表征.电化学测试表明该复合电极具有优异的超电容性能,在0.5 mol·L-1Li NO3电解质中,扫描速率为5 m V·s-1,电位窗口为1.4 V时,比电容达4015 F·m-2.由Sn O2/GNSA复合电极和相同电解质组装成的对称型超级电容器,在扫描速率为5 m V·s-1时,其电位窗口可增至1.8 V,能量密度达到0.41 Wh·m-2,循环5000圈后其比电容仍保持为初始比电容的81%.     

噻唑类缓蚀剂与青铜器表面粉状锈相互作用的理论研究

利用密度泛函(DFT)、概念DFT和自然键轨道理论(NBO)分析了3种常见的噻唑类缓蚀剂5-氨基-2-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑(AMT)、3-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三氮唑(ATA)和5-乙酰氨基-2-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑(MAcT)及其与青铜器表面粉状锈中CuCl2作用后形成配合物X(X=Ⅰ-Ⅲ)的结构和反应性能.通过计算研究发现,AMT的缓蚀活性最强,与CuCl2之间的相互作用能最大,所形成配合物Ⅰ的二级稳定化能Eij(2)为603.37kJ·mol-1,并且配合物Ⅰ的反应活性最强,相互间形成聚合物的可能性最大.     

A New Porous Cadmium(Ⅱ) Complex Based on 1,10-Phenanthroline Derivative and Dicarboxylate:Syntheses,Structure, Thermal Behavior and Luminescence

A new porous Cd(Ⅱ) coordination compound, namely, [Cd(bpdc)(L)2]·3H2O(1, L = 11-fluoro-dipyrido[3,2-a:2,3-c]phenazine and bpdc = 1,1-biphenyl-2,2-dicarboxylate) was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in tetragonal, space group P4122 with a = 9.8486(4), b = 9.8486(4), c = 45.925(4)A, V = 4454.5(5) 3, Z = 4, C50H29 Cd F2N8O7, Mr = 1004.21, Dc = 1.497 g/cm3, F(000) = 2028, μ(Mo Ka) = 0.562 mm-1, R = 0.0566 and w R = 0.1585. Each Cd(Ⅱ) atom is coordinated by one bpdc anion and two L ligands to give a discrete molecule. Neighboring discrete molecules are stacked by π-π interactions among L ligands, resulting in an interesting 1D supramolecular chain. Moreover, the 1D supramolecular chains are packed with each other to give a porous structure, in which an infinite channel is filled with water molecules. In addition, the thermal behavior and luminescent property of 1 have also been studied.     

硅烷基咪唑双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺离子液体气相色谱固定相的性能评价

以双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺离子([NTf₂]^-)为阴离子,合成阳离子烷基取代不同(C1、C2和C4)的硅烷基咪唑离子液体,以其为固定相制备气相色谱填充柱。 硅烷基咪唑离子液体为强极性固定相;阳离子结构影响固定相的热稳定性、极性和分离性能。 在这些离子液体固定相中,1-丁基-3-[(3-三甲氧基硅基)-丙基]咪唑双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺([PBIM]NTf₂)对Grob试剂分离性能较好。 利用溶剂化作用参数模型,评价[PBIM]NTf₂固定相特性,研究固定相-组分分子之间相互作用机制;同时考察[PBIM]NTf₂色谱柱对不同类型化合物的分离性能。 结果表明,[PBIM]NTf₂固定相主要作用力是氢键碱性和偶极作用,对烷烃、醇、酯和胺等不同类型的样品组分表现出良好的分离能力。     

Synthesis of new cyclotriphosphazene derivatives bearing Schiff bases and their thermal and absorbance properties

In this study, a series of cyclotriphosphazene derivatives containing a Schiff base (3a–3d) were synthesized by the reactions of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (1) with bis-aryl Schiff bases ( 2a – 2d ) having different terminal groups (H, F, Cl, and Br). The products ( 3a – 3d ) were characterized by elemental and mass analyses, FT-IR, and ¹ H, ¹³ C, and ³¹ P NMR spectroscopies. Furthermore, the structure of compound 3a was also determined by X-ray crystallography. The thermal behaviors and the spectral properties of the new cyclotriphosphazene compounds ( 3a – 3d ) were investigated and the results were compared in the series.