微波消解技术在金属分析中的应用

简要介绍了微波消解技术的基本原理和特点,提出了消解所用酸的种类和用量,指出了微波消解的一些注意事项,并对近年来微波消解技术在金属方面的应用做了综述。     

荧光光谱法研究β-环糊精衍生物对氟比洛芬的包结作用

采用荧光光谱法研究了β-CD衍生物对氟比洛芬的包结作用。实验考察了β-CD衍生物种类及其浓度、乙醇含量、离子强度及pH等因素对包结作用的影响。实验结果表明:随β-CD衍生物浓度的增大,荧光强度逐渐增强,其中HP-β-CD的增强效果最明显,即表明HP-β-CD对氟比洛芬的包结作用最强。1/(F-F0)对1/[CD]所作的双倒数曲线为直线,说明氟比洛芬与环糊精形成1∶1的包合物。随离子强度增大,包合作用增强;溶液中乙醇比例和pH越大,HP-β-CD与氟比洛芬包结物的包合作用越弱。     

ICP-AES测定7种花茶中8种微量元素的含量和溶出率

采用微波消解样品,电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法测定了金银花、玫瑰茄、玉蝴蝶、仙人草、菊花、薰衣草、腊梅等7种花茶中Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Cd和Pb等元素的含量及其溶出率。结果表明,花茶中Fe含量较高,重金属Cr、Cd和Pb含量普遍较低,花茶中Cu、Zn、Mn和Ni的溶出率相对较高,Fe的溶出率较低,有害的重金属Cd、Pb和Cr的溶出率很低,此测定结果可为探讨花茶的保健作用与微量元素的相关性提供科学数据。     

微波消解ICP-MS测定鲜竹笋中7种微量元素

建立同时检测鲜竹笋中铬、铜、锌、砷、镉、汞、铅等7种元素的分析方法。竹笋样品在硝酸介质中经微波消解,用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)检测,全定量法采集数据。校准曲线线性良好,相关系数在0.9937—1.0000之间;检出限为0.005—0.202μg/L;加标回收率在88.96%—110.5%;精密度RSD小于6.09%;国家标准样品西红柿叶(GSBZ51001-94)中几种元素的测定值都在标准范围内。该方法具有灵敏、可靠、快速、准确等优点,适用于竹笋中微量元素的分析测定。     

薄层色谱-光谱联用鉴定金属清洗剂中非离子表面活性剂组分

采用薄层色谱法分离了金属清洗剂。以氯仿∶甲醇(8.5∶1),加适量三乙胺体系为展开剂,碘蒸气显色,所得斑点清晰、无拖尾,结果表明金属清洗剂含6种组分。采用亚甲蓝-氯仿法鉴定表面活性剂的离子类型,该样品中两种组分为阳离子表面活性剂,4种组分为非离子表面活性剂。利用红外吸收光谱法、核磁共振波谱法确定了4种非离子表面活性剂的分子结构。     

Ni-Zn合金物相分析的实验研究

利用X射线物相分析技术,辅以金相分析方法、差热分析技术研究了Ni-Zn体系的4个合金.实验结果表明,Ni-Zn合金系中存在中间化合物NiZn3,该化合物稳定地存在于650℃到室温之间.400℃下NiZn3(75%Zn)化合物的点阵常量为a=3.31919(4)nm,b=0.8866(2)nm,c=1.2518(2)nm.     

含Dzyaloshinski-Moriya相互作用的三量子位HeisenbergXX链的热纠缠

研究了外加磁场下具有Dzyaloshinski-Moriya(DM)各向异性反对称相互作用的三量子位Heisenberg XX链的对热纠缠以及在热平衡下用该链作为信道来传输未知的量子态。详细地给出了磁场、DM相互作用及温度对热纠缠和平均传输保真度的影响。结果表明:磁场和DM相互作用可以有效地调控对热纠缠;在温度较低情况下,关闭磁场和DM相互作用,顺铁磁链可以很好地用来做隐形传态的信道;纠缠不能完全反映平均传输保真度,相同的纠缠可以导致不同的平均传输保真度。     

Evolution of the ring-like vortices and spike structure in transitional boundary layers

At the late stage of transitional boundary layers, the nonlinear evolution of the ring-like vortices and spike structures and their effects on the surrounding flow were studied by means of direct numerical simulation with high order accuracy. A spatial transition of the flat-plate boundary layers in the compressible flow was conducted. Detailed numerical results with high resolution clearly represented the typical vortex structures, such as ring-like vortices and so on, and induced ejection and sweep events...     

Thermal analysis and expected performance of the low energy instrument on board the HXMT satellite

The Low Energy X-ray Instrument (LE) of the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) uses the Swept Charge Device (SCD) to detect the X-rays in 1-15 keV. The performance of SCD is vulnerable to temperature. We analyzed the thermal condition of LE at different satellite working attitudes with the Finite Element Method (FEM). It is shown that the angle between the sunlight and the normal line of the barrier should be less them 26°, to keep the SCD detectors working in the required temperature range, i.e. -40 ℃ to -80 ℃. We find that the performance of LE is very stable in this temperature range, with a typical energy resolution of 160 eV at 5.9 keV.     

Physical design of scanning gantry for proton therapy facility

A proton therapy facility based on a linac injector and a slow cycling synchrotron is proposed.To achieve effective treatment of cancer,a scanning gantry is required.The flexible transmission of beam and high beam position accuracy are the most basic requirements for a gantry.The designed gantry optics and scanning system are presented.Great efforts are put into studying the sensitivity of the beam position in the isocenter to the element misalignments.It shows that quadrupole shift makes the largest contribution and special attention should be paid to it.