固体和液体的密度电测量实验方法的研究

用半导体测力计测物体的密度,提高了测量的准确性,可在物理实验中推广。     

快重离子辐照引起Ni/SiO2界面原子混合及相变研究

在室温下用308 MeV的Xe离子和853 MeV的Pb离子辐照Ni/SiO2样品, 用卢瑟福背散射和X射线衍射技术对样品进行了分析。 通过分析Ni/SiO2样品中元素成分分布和结构随离子辐照剂量和电子能损的变化, 探索了离子辐照在Ni/SiO2样品中引起的界面原子混合与结构相变现象。 实验结果显示, Xe和Pb离子辐照均能引起明显的Ni原子向SiO2基体的扩散并导致界面附近Ni, Si和O原子的混合。 实验观测到低剂量Xe离子辐照可产生NiSi2相, 而高剂量Xe离子辐照则导致了Ni3Si和NiO相的形成。 根据热峰模型, Ni原子的扩散和新相的形成可能由沿离子入射路径强电子激发引起的瞬间热峰过程驱动。Ni/SiO2 interface were irradiated at room temperature with 308 MeV Xe ions to 1×1012, 5×1012 Xe/cm2 and 853 MeV Pb ions to 5×1011 Pb/cm2, respectively. These samples were analyzed using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) and X ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), from which the intermixing and phase change were investigated. The obtained results show that both Xe and Pb ions could induce diffusion of Ni atoms to SiO2 substrates and result in intermixing of Ni with SiO2. Furthermore, 1.0×1012 Xe/cm2 irradiation induced the formation of NiSi2 and 5.0×1012 Xe/cm2 irradiation created Ni3Si and NiO phases. The diffusion of Ni atoms and the formation of new phase may be driven by a transient thermal spike process induced by the intense electronic energy loss along the incident ion path.     

Design and fabrication of ultra broadband infrared antireflection hard coatings on ZnSe in the range from 2 to 16 μm

In conventional infrared multilayer antireflection coatings (MLAR) materials of fluoride and chalcogenide types are used, which are disadvantaged due to their low mechanical strength and poor stability against humidity and environmental impacts. In this paper, we show that high performance ultra broadband and hard infrared multilayer antireflection coatings on ZnSe substrates in the wavelength range from 2 to 16 μm can be designed and fabricated. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) hard coating as a mechanical and environmental protection layer was proposed and deposited onto MLAR surfaces (MLAR + DLC) using a pulsed vacuum arc ion deposition technique. The thickness of the high optical quality DLC can be optimized in the design simulation to achieve a practically best antireflection and surface protection performance. We show that a germanium thin film (15 nm) between the MLAR and DLC surfaces can be used as a transition layer for optical and material match. The average transmission of the fabricated MLAR+DLC surfaces was 93.1% in the wavelength range between 2 and 16 μm. The peak transmission was about 97.6%, close to the simulated values. The durability and stability against mechanical impacts and environmental tests was improved significantly compared with the conventional infrared windows.     

KLa(MoO_4)_2∶Yb~(3+),Ho~(3+),Tm~(3+)白光荧光粉的制备及性能研究

采用水热法成功制备了Yb~(3+),Ho~(3+),Tm~(3+)三掺的多晶KLa(Mo O4)2荧光粉。在980 nm激光激发下,KLa(MoO_4)_2∶Yb~(3+),Ho~(3+),Tm~(3+)发出裸眼可见的明亮白光,这其中包括Tm~(3+)离子发出的蓝光(~475 nm)、Ho~(3+)离子发出的绿光(~540 nm)和红光(~651 nm)。根据色度坐标系计算得出的坐标点可以看出,随着Ho~(3+)/Tm~(3+)掺杂浓度之比的增加,KLa(Mo O_4)_2∶Yb~(3+),Ho~(3+),Tm~(3+)所发出的白光呈现从冷白光到暖白光的变化。最后详细讨论了KLa(Mo O_4)_2∶Yb~(3+),Ho~(3+),Tm~(3+)荧光粉可能的发光机制。     

基于形态学的不完全性骨折CT图像裂痕定位

针对不完全性骨折的CT图像损伤位置不易明确定位的问题,提出了一种基于数学形态学的裂痕定位算法。为了从CT图像中获得准确的骨质区域,在CIE Lab均匀色彩空间对原始图像进行双边滤波去噪,利用最大类间方差法计算出最佳阈值,从而分离出骨质区域,采用数学形态学中的黑帽运算结合Canny边缘检测算子对裂痕位置进行精确定位。实验结果表明,能够自动提取并定位不完全性骨折CT图像的裂痕区域。算法易于实现,具有较强的鲁棒性和实用性,方便了医学影像诊断。     

Numerical simulation for the air entrainment of aerated flow with an improved multiphase SPH model

Aerated flow is a complex hydraulic phenomenon that exists widely in the field of environmental hydraulics. It is generally characterised by large deformation and violent fragmentation of the free surface. Compared to Euler methods (volume of fluid (VOF) method or rigid-lid hypothesis method), the existing single-phase Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method has performed well for solving particle motion. A lack of research on interphase interaction and air concentration, however, has affected the application of SPH model. In our study, an improved multiphase SPH model is presented to simulate aeration flows. A drag force was included in the momentum equation to ensure accuracy of the air particle slip velocity. Furthermore, a calculation method for air concentration is developed to analyse the air entrainment characteristics. Two studies were used to simulate the hydraulic and air entrainment characteristics. And, compared with the experimental results, the simulation results agree with the experimental results well.     

基于二元语义组合赋权的制造企业绿色创新能力评价模型及实证研究

随着可持续发展战略成为21世纪全球人类面临的共同选择,绿色创新也逐渐成为企业发展的新趋势和学者关注的新领域。从绿色创新投入能力、绿色创新产出能力及绿色创新支撑能力3个方面构建了制造企业绿色创新能力评价指标体系,运用二元语义AHM法、二元语义离差最大法及二元语义熵值法确定指标权重,然后基于最小距离-最大熵原理集成赋权结果得到组合权重,由此构建出制造企业绿色创新能力评价模型。最后以黑龙江省两家装备制造企业为例进行实证分析,结果表明:两企业在绿色创新方面取得较好的效果,且整体评价值对关键指标变动不敏感。此外,提出进一步提高可持续发展能力的具体决策指导,为我国制造企业绿色创新能力评价和未来决策提供理论参考。     

深孔预裂爆破注浆封孔材料力学特性实验

针对深孔预裂爆破注浆封孔材料配比选择问题,以水泥、速凝剂、水为注浆原料,开展不同材料配比、不同养护时间的单轴抗压强度实验,分析封孔长度与材料力学特性的关系。结果表明:不同配比深孔预裂爆破注浆材料的抗压强度范围为0.60~4.49MPa,最大弹性模量为0.527GPa;注浆材料的抗压强度和弹性模量与水灰比呈负相关关系,与速凝剂和水泥的比例(A/C)呈正相关关系;同一配比条件下,注浆材料抗压强度随养护时间增加而增大,6h后趋于平稳。计算得出封孔长度与材料抗压强度、侧压系数呈负相关关系。综合实验及分析得出,深孔预裂爆破施工中可选用水泥、速凝剂、水为1∶1∶1的比例配比封孔,封孔后养护6h放炮。     

政府行为对制造企业绿色创新模式选择影响的演化博弈研究

为获取竞争优势,企业会根据政府环境规制对绿色创新模式做出合理选择。以企业产品具有可替代性、不同绿色创新模式资本投入具有差异性为前提,构建了政府绿色创新投入补贴与征收碳税对制造企业绿色创新模式选择影响的演化博弈模型,并对演化路径、稳定均衡策略及影响机理进行理论与数值仿真分析。研究结果表明:当政府行为下的企业通过突破式绿色创新获得的最低额外净收益为正值时,企业群体才会向全部选择突破式绿色创新模式的“理想状态”演化;绿色创新投入补贴与征收碳税均能提升企业开展突破式绿色创新活动的可能性,并能诱导企业加速向突破式绿色创新演化;征收碳税的激励作用较为显著,应将其控制在一定范围使其发挥最大促进作用。     

激光辐照TDI-CCD相机饱和串扰效应及侧斑建模仿真分析

根据推扫式线阵TDI-CCD成像系统的信号存储、传输与转换原理,分析了其在激光作用下产生不同饱和串扰现象的机理,建立了激光辐照TDI-CCD红外相机饱和串扰效应模型;考虑了视场外激光干扰过程中出现的侧斑现象,同时借助光学追迹模型,实现了连续激光干扰星载红外相机的成像仿真过程;通过图像质量评估因子定量分析了不同入射条件下激光辐射对相机输出图像质量的影响。结果表明:入射角不同,激光成像结果不同.选用1.064μm视场外激光在一定入射条件下,当改变激光入射角从2.86°到2.89°时,激光将出现侧斑;当激光功率密度提高1~4倍,光斑干扰面积百分比将不同程度的扩大.