丁苯、丁腈基聚氨酯的形态与性能

用示差扫描量热法 (DSC)、红外分光光度计 (FTIR)和原子力显微镜 (AFM)研究了端羟基聚丁二烯 苯乙烯共聚物 (HTBS)、端羟基聚丁二烯 丙烯腈共聚物 (HTBN)和端羟基聚丁二烯 (HTPB)与甲苯二异氰酸酯、1 ,4 丁二醇构成的溶液法聚二烯烃基聚氨酯 (PU)的形态结构 .结果表明HTPB和HTBS基PU的相分离程度很大 ,而HTBN基PU的相分离程度小 .这可能归因于HTBS软段的极性低 ,不能与硬段形成氢键 ,而HTBN软段中的腈基具有很强的极性 ,且可以与硬段形成氢键作用 ,增加了软硬段间的相容性 ,相分离程度明显降低 .AFM表明HTBN PU随着硬段含量提高 ,表面粗糙度增大 ,由软段为连续相逐渐过渡到双连续结构 .在硬段含量 6 3%时 ,HTBN和HTPB基PU均呈双连续结构 ,而HTBS PU中硬段为连续相 .HTBN PU软段的相区尺寸在1 2nm左右 ,表面粗糙度较大 ,HPBS PU软段的相区尺寸在 1 1nm左右 ,表面粗糙度最小 ,HTPB PU存在 1 4nm和 5 0nm大小不等的软段相区尺寸 .力学性能表明 ,在软段中引入苯乙烯和丙烯腈结构 ,可使聚氨酯抗张强度分别提高 1 5和 2倍 ,模量和断裂伸长率也明显提高     

纳米尖晶石LixMn2O4的制备与电化学性能表征

Nano-spinel Li_xMn₂O₄(0.6 ≤x≤ 1.0) was synthesized by two steps of coprecipitation and calcination. The influences of calcination temperature, time and Li/Mn ratio on the crystal structure and the particle size of Li_xMn₂O₄ were investigated. It was shown that the higher the calcination temperature, the more complete the crystal structure, and the larger the particle size. Moreover, the influence of calcination time on the crystal structure was insignificant when it was more than 3h at 700℃. With the increase of x in Li_xMn₂O₄ in the range of 0.6～1.0, the d111 and lattice parameter a increased first and then decreased. The electrochemical properties of nano-spinel LiMn₂O₄ using as cathode material of lithium-ion battery were studied. The low discharge capacity might be due to the irreversible capacity loss brought by the large surface area and lattice vacancies of the nano-spinel.     

微波辅助聚合物支载的有机反应

微波辐射下，聚合物支载的有机反应易于进行，操作简便，反应速率高，反应 时间短，产率高，纯度好，聚合物载体稳定，综述了微波辅助不溶性聚合物和可溶 性聚合物支载的有机反应。     

含呋喃环Schiff碱型大环化合物的合成及其与Ba^2+,Sr^2+配合行为

利用Mn^2+，Ba^2+及Sr^2+作为模板离子，合成了一类新型的含呋喃环系 Schiff碱型大环化合物，如L^1和配合物L^2Ba(ClO4)2，L^3Ba(ClO4)2和L^4Ba (ClO4)2.L^2-L^4的Ba^2+配合物经与NaSO4水溶液反应解络，得到自由配体L^2， L^3和L^4，配体L^2和L^3分别与Sr^2+作用，得到配合物L^2Sr(ClO4)2和L^3Sr (ClO4)2。上述大环配体和各种配合物均经元素分析，IR，^1H NMR，MS等证实了它 们的结构和组成。     

异丙氧基-异羟肟酸-氧钒（V）配合物的合成、晶体结构和量子化学研究

以苯甲酰异羟肟酸为配体，首先合成四价氧钒化合物，以此为基础合成了标题 化合物，并用元素分析，红外光谱，~1H NMR，~(13)C NMR，~(15)V NMR，电子吸 收光谱等，分别对它进行了表征，其结构用单晶X射线衍射法测定，晶体属三斜晶 系，P1-bar空间群，所得晶体学参数为a = 1.1119(3) nm，b = 1.1735(3) nm，c = 0.8660(2) nm，α = 96.84(1)°，β = 106.93)(1)°，γ = 88.97(1)°，V = 1.0731(2) nm~3，D_c = 1.415 g/cm~3，Z = 2，F(000) = 478，μ = 5.06 cm~(-1)。采取ab initio(GTO-6-31d)方法对标题化合物的结构单元的成键情况进 行了分析，讨论了化合物的稳定性、分子轨道能量、原子静电荷分布等情况。     

复盐法制备无水氯化镁的热解机理及动力学研究

The complex compound (MgCl₂·C₆H₅NH₂·HCl·6H2O) was prepared by reaction of C₆H₅NH₂·HCl with MgCl₂·6H₂O. Reaction mechanism and kinetics of the compounds decomposition were studied by means of the TG-DTA-MS coupling technique and the TG-DTA technique. The results show that there are four steps in the complex′s thermal decomposition, the first two steps correspond to the loss of six crystal waters and the last two steps loss one Aniline hydrochloride. The first three steps belong to the R2 mechanism with 2-dimentional phase boundary reaction as the control step, and the last step belongs to the D3 with 3-dimensional diffusion (sphere Jander equ.) as the control step. The apparent active energy of four steps are, 127.4 kJ·mol^-1, 124.8 kJ·mol^-1, 142.3 kJ·mol^-1 and 329.0 kJ·mol^-1, respectively and the frequency factor are 1.28 × 10¹⁸ s^-1, 7.94 × 10¹⁵ s^-1, 5.98 × 10¹⁶ s^-1 and 4.39 × 10³⁴ s^-1, respectively.     

固相萃取-液质联用法同时测定饮用水中双酚A和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯

建立了饮用水中痕量双酚A和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯同时测定的LC/MS-MS快速分析方法.水样中双酚A和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯经HLB固相萃取小柱富集,以V(乙腈)∶V(水)＝90∶10为流动相,选择双酚A m/z 227/212、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯m/z 301/228为检测离子对,利用多反应监测(MRM)和扫描时间分段检测技术实现正、负离子不同扫描模式一次完成.该方法对水样体积为250 mL时双酚A和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的线性范围为0.4～40 ng/L,检出限分别为0.16和0.10 ng/L,低中高3个不同水平的加标平均回收率均在90%以上.应用于5种不同来源的饮用水及原水中双酚A和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的测定.     

A re-statement of the Hohenberg–Kohn theorem and its extension to finite subspaces

Bearing in mind the insight into the Hohenberg–Kohn theorem for Coulomb systems provided recently by Kryachko (Int J Quantum Chem 103:818, 2005), we present a re-statement of this theorem through an elaboration on Lieb’s proof as well as an extension of this theorem to finite subspaces. Contribution to the Serafin Fraga Memorial Issue.     

Enzyme catalysis in organic solvents: a promising field for optical biosensing

The ability of enzymes to work in non-aqueous media offers new and almost unexploited possibilities for the development of new optical biosensors. The advantages of performing biocatalytic reactions in non-aqueous media are discussed in relation to their possible application in optical biosensor design. Attention is focused on the factors that influence enzymatic catalysis in organic solvents, including the role of enzyme-associated water, criteria for solvent selection and the alteration of enzyme specificity. Recent examples of relevant applications and future prospects of organic-phase optical biosensing are discussed.     

高密度聚乙烯／超高分子量聚乙烯共混物高取向薄膜形态结构与力学性能的研究

高密度聚乙烯／超高分子量聚乙烯共混物高取向薄膜形态结构与力学性能的研究张伟广，赵勇，杨德才中国科学院长春应用化学研究所，高分子物理开放实验室，长春，１３００２２）关键词ＨＤＰＥ、ＵＨＭＷＰＥ、共混物、形态结构、力学性能如何提高高分子材料抗张强度和模量...