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991.
Summary The coagulation concentration for a titania sol decreases if the concentration of a mixture of electrolytes and papain decreases. If the concentration of papain is increased then lesser amount of electrolytes is needed to coagulate the sol. If glycine is added as an additional substance then the value decreases more rapidly. There is no significant change in the pH and the electrical conductance of the sol by the addition of papain or electrolytes. There is a little change, when glycine is added as an additional substance. These observations are explained due to the formation of negative papain ions in a low pH region. The possibility of the adsorption or the release of the counter ions is ruled out.The authors wish to thank Dr.R. C. Mehrotra, Professor and the Head of the Chemistry Department for providing all the facilities for this work. We are also thankful to the Ministry of Education, Government of India, for the award of a research scholarship to one of us (V.K.S.). 相似文献
992.
993.
Shen MM Hu YH Zhu HY Liu TD Wei ST Dong L Chen Y 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2003,257(2):408-411
The dispersion of thoria on the surface of gamma-Al2O3 and the surface properties of ThO2/gamma-Al2O3 samples, as well as the influence of the loading amount of thoria on the reduction behavior of copper oxide species, have been studied using XRD, XPS, FTIR, and TPR. The results indicate that the dispersion capacity of thoria, like that of ceria, is much lower than for two other tetravalent metal oxides, zirconia and titania, and the surface adsorption amount of the carbonyl compound and H2O slightly increases with increasing thoria loading. The different thoria loadings can influence the reduction behavior of the dispersed copper oxide by comparing the TPR results of CuO/ThO2/gamma-Al2O3 samples. In addition, the lower dispersion capacities of thoria and ceria on gamma-Al2O3 are tentatively discussed by considering the structural stability of the two oxides. 相似文献
994.
995.
Prof. Dr. Akira Watanabe Dr. Hisako Tamai Mrs. Kyoko Hayashi 《Colloid and polymer science》1977,255(8):773-781
Summary The adsorption of ionic dyes, the builder effect, and the interaction between ionic dyes and surface active agents were investigated by using the electrocapillarity at oil/water interfaces. The oil phase was the solution of tetra-butylammonium chloride, sodium cetylsulphate, cetylpyridinium chloride or stearylamine in methylisobutylketone, and the water phase contained various dyes in addition to the inorganic electrolyte. The interfacial tension decreased over the anodic (or cathodic) polarization range, when anionic (or cationic) dyes were added to the water phase, thus indicating the dye adsorption at the interface. The interfacial excess of dye ions was found to increase linearly with the cubic roots of dye concentration and of ionic strength of the water phase. The counterion binding took place at the oil/water interface between anionic (or cationic) dyes and positive (or negative) head groups of surface active agent ions adsorbed at the interface. It was found that the equilibrium constants of binding between anionic dyes and cationic surface active agents at the oil/water interface were of the same order of magnitude as, and a little larger than, those obtained at the water bulk phase.
With 12 figures and 2 tables 相似文献
Zusammenfassung An Öl-Wasser-Grenzflächen wurde die Adsorption ionischer Farbstoffe, die Füllerwirkung und die Wechselwirkung zwischen ionischen Farbstoffen und grenzflächenaktiven Verbindungen mit Hilfe der Elektrokapillarität untersucht. Die Ölphase bestand aus einer Lösung von Tetrabutylammoniumchlorid, Natriumcetylsulfat und Cetylpyridiniumchlorid oder Stearylamin in Methylisobutylketon. Die wässerige Phase enthielt verschiedene Farbstoffe und anorganische Elektrolyte. Die Grenzflächenspannung wurde durch anodische (bzw. kathodische) Polarisation erniedrigt, wenn anionischer (bzw. kationischer) Farbstoff zur Wasserphase gegeben wurde. Dies zeigt an, daß Farbstoff an der Grenzfläche adsorbiert wird. Die Grenzflächenkonzentration des Farbstoffions nimmt linear mit der Kubikwurzel der Farbstoffkonzentration und mit der Ionenstärke zu. Als Gegenionen für die anionischen (bzw. kationischen) Farbstoffe an der Grenzfläche wirken die positiven (bzw. negativen) Endgruppen der Tenside, die ebenfalls in der Grenzschicht adsorbiert sind. Die Gleichgewichtskonstanten für die Wechselwirkung zwischen den ionischen Farbstoffen und den grenzflächenaktiven Verbindungen sind an der Öl-Wasser-Grenzfläche von der gleichen Größenordnung bzw. geringfügig größer als in der wässerigen Volumenphase.
With 12 figures and 2 tables 相似文献
996.
997.
Dr. A. Woppmann 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1974,105(2):419-426
The kinetics of the diazotization of o-, m-, p-chloroaniline in 0.005n- to 0.4n-methanolic HCl-solution at 25, 15, 0, ?10 ?20, and ?30°C was invertigated. It was found that the nitrosation reaction (the same as in1) $$C_6 H_4 ClNH_2 + NOCl \mathop \rightleftharpoons \limits^k C_6 H_4 ClNH_2 NO^ + + Cl^ - $$ is a proceeding advance-back-reaction. The decomposition of C6H4ClNH2NO+ by splitting off a proton is the rate determining step. The free activation enthalpies ΔG * for the nitrosation reaction, the activation entropies ΔS *, the activation enthalpies ΔH * and the activation energiesE a at the given temperatures are calculated. The experimentally found and the calculated velocities are given in Tables 1–6. The equilibrium constants of the o-, m-, p-chloroanilinium ions, and nitrosyl-chloride in methanol are indicated in Table 7, diagram 1. TheK M values (the ionic products of methanol, extrapolated at infinite dilution) together with theK A values of Table 7 give theK B values (p. 2) using the table10. The ΔG B values can be calculated using equation ΔG B = ?RTlnK B Fig 2 shows the linear dependance of the logarithmus of the ΔG * values from the logarithmus of theK B values. 相似文献
998.
The model of Onsager in which a polar molecule undergoes a reaction field due to the polarization of the molecular surroundings is used to evaluate by a S.C.F. calculation (CNDO/2 approximation) the modifications of a molecular structure in the liquid state.Application to water molecule and to three polar dimers for values of the dielectric constant varying between 3 and 78, shows that most of geometric parameters and dipoles moments vary of few per cent when the molecule is inserted in a liquid. In the liquid state dipole moments do not depend very much on the dielectric constant but energies and relative stabilities of isomers are strongly dependent on the medium.[/p] 相似文献
999.
介绍了锗在光纤通信中的作用,分析了世界光纤市场的变化及其对锗的市场结构的影响,预测近期国内锗的市场结构不会有大的变化。 相似文献
1000.
Zinc triflate was found to be an effective reagent for the C3-alkylation of indoles by alkyl halides in the presence of Hünig's base and tetrabutylammonium iodide. This new method for indole alkylation proceeds by a S(N)1-like pathway, and is general for allylic, benzylic, and tertiary halides. 相似文献