改性活性炭对土壤镉的吸附性影响

目的研究3种改性活性炭对菜地、河流底泥、荷花底泥镉吸附性的影响。方法对活性炭进行酸改性、碱改性和氧化改性,采用双硫腙分光光度法测定镉含量。结果对实验土样,最佳活性炭添加量为0.025 g/g。随着初始镉含量的升高,土壤对镉的吸附量不断增大。结论 3种改性活性炭相比普通活性炭对湿地土壤的镉吸附量均有不同程度的提升,荷花底泥中,酸性、氧化改性活性炭相比普通活性炭,吸附效果提高7.7%,8.3%,吸附效果提升显著。     

荧光增强型量子点探针检测痕量谷氨酸脱氢酶

建立了荧光增强型量子点探针检测痕量谷氨酸脱氢酶(GLDH)的方法,GLDH是种烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)依赖的酶分子,具有氧化性的NAD+通过电子转移淬灭CdTe量子点的荧光,而GLDH催化的生物化学反应可以消耗NAD+。在所采用的NAD+/GLDH体系中,量子点的荧光先被NAD+淬灭,加入GLDH消耗NAD+,荧光会因NAD+的减少而增强。利用这种高选择性的酶促反应可以检测浓度范围比较宽的GLDH(10~1000 U/L)。对于这个浓度范围GLDH的检测在临床上有重要意义,可用于诊断不同类型的肝脏疾病。     

数字离子阱质谱仪低质量截止值的改进方法

本研究在实验室自制的线形数字离子阱质量分析器上,通过改变数码电源的频率扫描方式,在CID过程中,通过扫描数字束缚方波电源的频率和数字激发方波的频率实现母体解离。例如对于利血平母体离子,当将离子数字束缚方波频率从500 kHz扫描到560 kHz,可以测量到低质荷比的碎片离子,成功实现了串级质谱分析的低质量碎片离子的分析。通过与利血平三重四极质谱串级质谱分析实验结果的比较,发现可以在数字离子阱质谱仪上获得与三重四极质谱相同的串级质谱测量结果。结果表明,本方法可以用于低质量离子的测量,克服了传统离子阱质谱进行串级质谱分析的一个主要难点,显著提高数字离子阱质谱的性能。     

纤维二糖与葡萄糖催化转化制备乙二醇(英文)

选用纤维二糖作为探针分子,探索纤维素催化转化制备乙二醇过程的反应路径.分别考察了纤维二糖和葡萄糖在双组分催化剂H2WO4和Ru/C下的催化反应活性.结果表明,乙二醇不仅来自于纤维二糖水解产物葡萄糖的逆羟醛缩合作用,同时也可以来自于纤维二糖的直接逆羟醛缩合过程.而且,纤维二糖的直接逆羟醛缩合作用对糖苷键的水解也有一定的促进作用.比较发现,钨基催化剂作用下纤维二糖的逆羟醛缩合反应活性比葡萄糖要低,因此乙醇醛可以缓慢产生并在Ru/C催化剂上迅速加氢生成乙二醇.使得以纤维二糖作为原料比以葡萄糖作为原料时获得更高的乙二醇收率.     

纤维素直接催化转化制乙二醇及其他化学品:从基础研究发现到潜在工业应用(英)

纤维素直接催化转化制乙二醇是一条极具吸引力的生物质转化途径,有助于减轻化石能源资源的消耗。综述了从该反应途径的发现到获得高效、高稳定性催化剂的快速发展过程。基于对钨基催化剂的大量研究结果,本文讨论了反应机制,明确了反应路径、催化剂状态、钨物种及加氢催化活性中心各自在串联反应中的作用。围绕该反应过程的工业化应用需要,讨论了有关原生木质纤维素生物质催化转化以及高效反应过程的发展策略。在此基础上,将纤维素催化转化制乙二醇过程与生物质发酵制丙酮-丁醇-乙醇的生物炼制路线进行整合,构建出一个理想的反应过程潜在应用范例。最后,对纤维素催化转化制乙二醇反应过程进行了总结和前景展望.     

Syntheses,Structures, and Properties of Three Coordination Polymers: [Cd_2(bpp)_(1.5)(Hbpp)(phen)_2]_n, [Mn_3(Htptc)_2(phen)_2(H_2O)_2]_n,and {[Cu(btc)_(0.5)(1,4-bib)]·2H_2O}_n

Hydrothermal reactions of three aromatic polycarboxylic acids and the transitional metal cations in the presence of phen and 1,4-bib afford three new coordination polymers: [Cd2(bpp)1.5(Hbpp)(phen)2]n(1), [Mn3(Htptc)2(phen)2(H2O)2]n(2), and {[Cu(btc)0.5(1,4- bib)]·2H2O}n(3)(H2bpp = 2,6-bis(4'-carboxyphenyl)-4-phenylpyridine, H4tptc = terphenyl-2,5,2',5'-tetracarboxylic acid, H4btc = biphenyl-2,2',4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and 1,4-bib = 1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene). Their structures have been determined by singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analyses, elemental analyses, IR spectra, and powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD) analyses. In compound 1, the CdII cations are linked by bpp2- to form one ladder structure, based on which a 3D network is constructed with the help of non-covalent interactions. The topology of 2 is a 3D(3,4,5)-connected framework with the Point Schl?fli symbol of(42.6)32(4.62.8)(45.64.8)2. Compound 3 shows an unprecedented 3D(4,4)-connected framework with the Point Schl?fli symbol of(64.82)2(65.8). Moreover, the luminescent property of 1 has been investigated.     

Synthesis and Rheological Investigation ofModel Symmetric 3-Arm Star Polyethylene简

A variety of linear and 3-arm star polyethylene （PE） model polymers covering a wide range of molecular weight are synthesized by the living polymerization of butadiene and the subsequent hydrogenation. Several rheological parameters of these model linear and 3-arm star PE samples are analyzed for detecting the long chain branching （LCB） structure. It is found that the analyses based on zero shear viscosity, vGP plot and flow activation energy are very sensitive to the 3-arm star PEs. The information on the presence of LCB can be obtained with these methods even for low molecular weight samples, which can not be determined by GPC-MALLS. However the information about the LCB structure can not be obtained by the rheological methods alone.     

Synthesis of Star-like Polybutadienes by a Combination of Living Anionic Polymerization and “Click” Coupling Method

Three-arm and four-arm star-like polybutadienes(PBds) were synthesized via the combination of living anionic polymerization and the click coupling method. Kinetic study showed that the click reaction between the azido group terminated PBd-t-N3 and the alkyne-containing multifunctional linking reagent was fast and highly efficient. All coupling reactions were fully accomplished within 40 min at 50 °C in toluene in the presence of the reducing agent Cu(0), proven by 1H-NMR, FTIR and GPC measurements. For the coupling reactions between the PBd-t-N3 polymer and dialkyne-containing compound, the final conversion of the coupled PBd-PBd polymer was ca. 97.0%. When a PBd-t-N3 polymer was reacted with trialkyne-containing or tetraalkyne-containing compound, the conversion of three-arm or four-arm PBd was around 95.5% or 87.0%, respectively. Several factors influencing the coupling efficiency were studied, including the molecular weight of the initial PBd-t-N3, arm numbers and the molar ratio of the azido group to the alkynyl group. The results indicated that the conversion of the target products would be promoted when the molecular weight of the PBd-t-N3 was low and the molar ratio of the azido to alkynyl groups was close to 1.     

Solution Blowing of Poly（dimethylsiloxane）/Nylon 6 Nanofiber Mats for Protective Applications

A new strategy was developed to fabricate superhydrophobic nylon 6 nanofibers, in which the blend solutions of poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS) prepolymer and nylon 6 was spun using an innovative solution blowing process, and then the PDMS prepolymer contianning nanofibers were cured to obtain PDMS/nylon 6 nanofiber mats. Morphology, surface composition, non-wetting property and protective performance were investigated. The results showed that the addition of PDMS prepolymer improved the spinnability of the spinning solutions, and the PDMS/nylon 6 nanofibers had smooth surfaces and diameters from 100 nm to 350 nm. The presence of PDMS effectively enhanced the hydrophobicity of the nanofiber mats, showing water contact angles of 132° to 161° for PDMS contents of 1 wt% to 3 wt%. The PDMS/nylon 6 mats also possessed excellent protective and transport properties. The results indicated the potential application of the novel nanofiber mats in protective clothing.