无溶剂及微乳液体系中脂肪酶催化红花油水解的动力学

 在无溶剂及二(2-乙基己基)丁二酸酯磺酸钠(AOT)/异辛烷/磷酸盐缓冲液微乳液体系中,研究了黑曲霉脂肪酶催化红花油水解反应的动力学. 结果表明,无溶剂及微乳液体系中反应的活化能分别为32.205和7.391 kJ/mol. 酶在无溶剂体系中的热稳定性高于微乳液中. 无溶剂及微乳液体系中的表观米氏常数分别为0.135和0.101 mol/L. 在两种体系中,乙醇对水解反应的抑制作用均为竞争性可逆抑制,且均在底物浓度大于0.819 mol/L时出现底物抑制现象. 结合胶团催化理论和酯键水解机理对两种体系中酶水解性能的差异进行了解释.     

Ag_(60)纳米颗粒[{Cl@Ag_(12)}@Ag_(48)(dppm)_(12)]的结构(其中dppm=双(二苯基膦基)甲烷)（英文）

本文合成一种新的双膦连接Ag_(60)纳米团簇[{Cl@Ag_(12)}@Ag_(48)(dppm)_(12)],并通过X射线晶体学进行表征.二十面体的银处于核心位置,里面是中心氯化物组成,外面有48个银原子/离子的包裹,顶端是12个双(二苯基膦基)甲烷(dppm)配体.同时利用密度泛函理论对阳离子[{Cl@Ag_(12)}@Ag_(48)(dppm)_(12)]~+进行计算,以确定该结构是否对应于核心数n=58的超原子.DFT计算的优化结构与X射线一致,但是HOMO-LUMO的能差并不能保证共超级稳定性.     

低温耦合固相氮化反应合成β-Sialon

本研究拟在氮化气氛下,以金属Al粉、Si粉、α-Al2O3为原料,添加Y2O3,耦合氮化反应制备β-Sialon.通过在不同温度下的氮化反应烧结试验,研究了Y3+对β-Sialon晶相组成、晶粒大小、晶格常数及显微结构的影响.采用XRD和SEM表征试样中的晶相和显微结构,利用X'Pert Plus软件对试样进行晶胞参数分析,通过Semi-quantification法对试样各晶相组成进行计算.结果表明:随着温度的升高,合成β-Sialon相的含量不断提高,在1550℃时达到最高;添加Y2O3可以在相对较低温度条件下合成β-Sialon相,y3+对Al3+的置换作用导致β-Sialon相结构畸变,且随耦合氮化反应烧成温度的升高,晶胞体积可由1350℃时的0.208448 nm3增大到1550℃时的0.236776 nm3,合成β-Sialon相呈现增加的趋势.同时在合成β-Sialon结构中,由于过量助烧结剂Y2O3易与原料中Al2O3形成针状YAG.     

Experimental determination of interfacial energies for Ag2Al solid solution in the CuAl2--Ag2Al system

The equilibrated grain boundary groove shapes of solid solution Ag2Al in equilibrium with an Al-Cu-Ag liquid were observed from a quenched sample with a radial heat flow apparatus.The Gibbs-Thomson coefficient,solid-liquid interfacial energy and grain boundary energy of the solid solution Ag2Al have been determined from the observed grain boundary groove shapes.The thermal conductivity of the solid phase and the thermal conductivity ratio of the liquid phase to solid phase for Ag2Al-28.3 at the %CuAl2 alloy at the melting temperature have also been measured with a radial heat flow apparatus and Bridgman type growth apparatus,separately.     

煤矿粉尘影响三种典型荒漠植被生长的高光谱指数研究

以新疆典型露天煤矿准东五彩湾开采区为研究区,选定并测定干旱煤矿区三种典型植物： 梭梭、假木贼和琵琶柴的冠层光谱,分析植被对煤炭粉尘的波谱响应,旨在研究露天煤炭开采引起的煤炭粉尘扩散对植被生长的影响.研究基于植被冠层实测光谱,提取19种常用的植物色素指数和水分指数,通过不同指数同煤炭粉尘降尘量的相关性的研究,探讨植被生长受损的关键参数及对煤炭粉尘影响敏感的指示性植被,为干旱煤矿区植被受损监测提供评价依据。结果表明： 在干旱露天煤矿区植被受到煤炭粉尘污染的过程中,从植被指数的角度可以间接确定,随着煤炭粉尘量的增加,叶绿素以及水分的含量会减少,而类胡萝卜素的含量会增加;植被体内的水分和叶绿素含量对煤炭粉尘量的响应较为敏感;在指示叶绿素(包括叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素)的指数中色素归一化指数b(PSNDb)敏感性较强;在指示类胡萝卜素的指数中结构不敏感色素指数(SIPI)敏感性较强;在指示水分的指数中植被水分指数(PWI)敏感性较强;三种植物中梭梭对煤炭粉尘量的增加较为敏感。     

单Tavis-Cummings模型中量子关联动力学演化特性及其在量子通信中的应用

本文研究了单Tavis-Cummings模型中两个全同二能级原子与单模光腔发生相互作用时两个原子之间的各种量子关联演化特性,并讨论了该模型中稠密编码和隐形传态的实现。讨论初始态纯度、纠缠度、腔内光子数和腔与原子之间的耦合常数对量子纠缠、量子失协和几何量子失协动力学演化特性的影响并分析出实现稠密编码和量子隐形传态所需最佳参数。结果表明:初始态纯度r和初始纠缠度a对以上三种量子关联有积极作用;随着腔与原子之间的耦合常数g和腔内光子数n的增大,量子关联振荡频率加快,同时量子纠缠死亡时间缩短,而此时量子失协、几何量子失协则仍保持非零。这表明量子失协、几何量子失协相比纠缠更具有优越性。     

散射的原子捕获d波

正与非常规超导机制类似的d波相互作用在冷原子气体中得到了实现。超冷原子气体提供了一个精妙的实验平台,可以用于探索凝聚态物理中的多种模型。研究人员可以精细地控制这些原子,使它们成为固体与液体中的电子或其他自由度的替身,从而利用这一系统来模拟磁性、量子相变以及其他常规凝聚态现象。但是,模拟高温超导可是块难啃的骨头。这是由于这种状态     

Electrochemical "signal-on" reporter for amyloid aggregates

The synthesis and characterization of four new Ferrocene (Fc) bioconjugates, bearing a podant (Lys)-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe motif, namely the hydrophobic sequence of amyloid-β-peptides (Aβ), is reported. The Fc-peptide conjugates are characterized by a reversible redox activity and the ability to undergo hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions. Biomolecular interactions between Fc-bioconjugates with Aβ(12-28) fragments were studied by circular dichroism (CD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemistry. All four Fc-peptides interacted favourable with Aβ(12-28) and prevented fibril formation, the extent of which depended on the length of the peptide and the nature of the C-terminal group. The aggregates obtained for the Aβ(12-28)/Fc-peptide mixtures range from short fibrils to spherical aggregates. We demonstrated that in solution the peptide sequence and peptide charge affect the biomolecular interactions. Fc-peptide interactions with immobilized Aβ(12-28)-Cys films on Au surfaces were detected by measuring the current response of the Fc redox process. The formal redox potential, E(0), at ~440 (10) mV and i(pc)/i(pa) at 0.9 were observed characteristic for the monosubstituted Fc-derivative undergoing a one-electron redox process. On the surface, methyl ester-protected Fc-peptides (1 and 3) interacted only weakly with Aβ(12-28)-Cys films, giving rise to minimal redox activity. In contrast, charged Fc-peptides (2 and 4) gave a significant electrochemical readout following the interaction with Aβ(12-28)-Cys films. Interestingly, the Fc-peptide charge dictates the surface-assisted interactions, while hydrophobic and ionic effects contribute to the overall solution behaviour of the Fc-bioconjugates with Aβ(12-28).     

Impact of Single Basepair Mismatches on Electron‐Transfer Processes at Fc‐PNA⋅DNA Modified Gold Surfaces

Gold‐surface grafted peptide nucleic acid (PNA) strands, which carry a redox‐active ferrocene tag, present unique tools to electrochemically investigate their mechanical bending elasticity based on the kinetics of electron‐transfer (ET) processes. A comparative study of the mechanical bending properties and the thermodynamic stability of a series of 12‐mer Fc‐PNA?DNA duplexes was carried out. A single basepair mismatch was integrated at all possible strand positions to provide nanoscopic insights into the physicochemical changes provoked by the presence of a single basepair mismatch with regard to its position within the strand. The ET processes at single mismatch Fc‐PNA?DNA modified surfaces were found to proceed with increasing diffusion limitation and decreasing standard ET rate constants k⁰ when the single basepair mismatch was dislocated along the strand towards its free‐dangling Fc‐modified end. The observed ET characteristics are considered to be due to a punctual increase in the strand elasticity at the mismatch position. The kinetic mismatch discrimination with respect to the fully‐complementary duplex presents a basis for an electrochemical DNA sensing strategy based on the Fc‐PNA?DNA bending dynamics for loosely packed monolayers. In a general sense, the strand elasticity presents a further physicochemical property which is affected by a single basepair mismatch which may possibly be used as a basis for future DNA sensing concepts for the specific detection of single basepair mismatches.