光谱分辨率和信噪比对光谱线指数测量精度的影响

分析光谱分辨率和信噪比对19个Lick原子吸收线指数测量精度的影响。采用高斯卷积方法,将光谱变换到不同分辨率下,通过测量并比较光谱在不同分辨率下的线指数值探究分辨率改变对线指数测量精度的影响;通过向光谱叠加符合不同高斯分布的随机噪声方法,将无噪理论光谱改变到不同信噪下,通过测量并比较光谱在不同信噪比时的线指数值分析信噪比对线指数测量精度的影响。结果表明：改变光谱分辨率能够引起线指数测量值的变化,此变化程度依赖于分辨率的改变程度,且此依赖关系对不同指数呈不同变化趋势;信噪比对线指数测量精度的影响随信噪比的降低而增大,当信噪比高于25时,此影响可忽略。     

化学文化学及其研究对象初探

化学作为一门自然科学,自19世纪以来取得了突破性发展,为人类社会的进步创造了极大的物质财富。纵观化学史,从远古时期的朦胧化学现象到现代高精尖的化学实验技术和方法,化学在每个历史阶段都起到了直接或间接改变人类生存方式的     

新课程背景下中学化学作业套餐的研究——化学作业评价及评语

传统的作业评价是教师的单向评价,缺乏教师和学生之间的沟通和交流,且形式单一,缺乏个性化和针对性。新课程背景下中学化学作业评价及评语提倡以人为本,采取多元化的形式,形成新的作业评价方式。本文主要针对化学作业的评价作简要阐述。     

新课程背景下高中化学作业套餐的设计与评价

在阐述“作业套餐”的定义及其设计要求后给高中化学必修Ⅰ中的2节内容设计了“套餐”作业,希望通过具体的作业设计说明“作业套餐”具有能激发学生兴趣、满足不同层次学生心理需求、培养学生探究合作能力等优点。并对此“套餐”做了具体评价,以期鼓励、督促学生选择适合自己知识训练与潜力发展的作业,以巩固知识,提升能力。     

三维显式有限元程序及炸药冲击起爆应用

冲击和爆炸数值模拟在军事工程和民用领域都应用广泛。基于显式有限元理论,本文介绍了自主研发的三维冲击和起爆流体动力学程序。该程序的功能包含了材料本构、状态方程、炸药反应速率方程和接触碰撞算法,能够模拟复杂条件下结构冲击和炸药起爆问题。由于采用面向对象的编程方法,程序结构相对简单并且容易修改。首先,进行了Taylor杆碰撞数值模拟,并将计算结果与实验结果以及DYNA2D结果进行了比较;接着,基于Lee-Tarver点火增长模型,模拟了冲击加载下裸炸药和带壳炸药的冲击起爆问题。计算结果表明,三维程序计算结果与实验值和商业软件结果都非常吻合,该程序能够较准确地模拟三维结构的冲击和炸药起爆问题。同时,基于面向对象开发的三维计算程序实现了模块化功能,易于后续开发,为冲击和爆炸计算程序的开发提供了参考。     

Numerical analysis of a dual-pass pumping laser with weak absorption

A model for a laser with dual-pass pumping is established, and an equation expressing the mode matching for this structure is presented. Through the numerical analysis of this equation, under the conditions of weak-absorption and effective absorption efficiency, the optimum radius of the pump beam waist as well as the optimum location is fitted to simple formulas, considering the quality of the pump beam, absorption coefficient, and beam waist of the cavity mode.Using these formulas, the laser with dual-pass pumping could be optimized to obtain a high slope efficiency. To test the utility of this model, an Nd:YVO_4 laser with dual-pass pumping and weak-absorption was built and optimized according to the results of the calculation. A good agreement between the results of the calculations and the experiment verified the model and the numerical analysis.     

C@Fe3O4磁性微孔球的制备及性能研究

利用活性炭良好的吸附性能,在低温碳化的基础上碳球液态造孔剂制备C@Fe3O4磁性微孔球,在磁性碳球表面形成大量微孔结构,磁性Fe3O4核心也能起到快速分离的特点.通过制备C@Fe3O4复合材料并对其形貌性能进行分析研究,C@Fe3O4磁性微孔球复合材料对于水中重金属离子及芳香烃分子的吸附性能较好,可在污水净化处理中得以应用.     

基于多分辨率融合距离的低质量星系光谱红移测量方法

星系光谱红移测量是大规模天体光谱巡天项目中的一个重要研究内容,其目的是从在光谱中测量出对应星系由于多普勒效应引起的红移。随着银河系外巡天项目的开展,观测目标距离(红移)越来越远,其星等越来越暗,光谱的质量也随之越来越差,如何能够有效准确地从这些低质量的光谱测量出红移是河外巡天面临的一个重要问题。基于此问题,充分考虑到低质量星系光谱的特点及数据特征,新定义了一种针对低质量巡天光谱数据的多分辨率融合距离,以此为基础提出一种针对低质量星系光谱的红移测量方法。该方法充分结合不同分辨率下光谱的特征,计算距离时首先将模板光谱和待测光谱同时降到多个相同分辨率下,该分辨率下所有波长采样点都计算一个偏差进而得到一个距离,然后将多个分辨率下得到的距离通过加权得到一个融合距离。基于多分辨率融合距离提出的星系红移测量方法,能够有效的解决低质量星系光谱的红移无法准确测量的问题。研究了不同信噪比下红移测量的精度,在信噪比大于5之后,该方法测量准确率可以达到90%以上。大量实验表明,提出的方法在星系光谱质量较低的情况可以非常准确地从中测量出红移,测量误差和红移大小无关,可以很好地应用于大规模巡天数据的星系光谱红移测量中。     

Design of LD in-band direct-pumping side surface polished micro-rod Nd:YVO_4 laser

To diminish the thermal load, two ways, that is, in-band direct pumping and micro-rod crystal, could be adopted at the same time. The efficiency of LD in-band direct-pumping side surface polished micro-rod Nd:YVO_4 laser is numerically analyzed. By optimizing parameters such as crystal length, laser mode radius, pump beam radius, doping concentration and crystal cross-section size, the overall efficiency can reach over 50%. It is found that with micro-rod crystal implemented in the laser oscillator, high overall efficiency LD in-band direct-pumping Nd:YVO_4 laser could be realized. High efficiency combined with low thermal load makes this laser an outstanding scheme for building high-power Nd:YVO_4 lasers.     

Theory of noise in a kilo-Hz cascaded high-energy Yb-doped nanosecond pulsed fiber amplifier

A theoretical analysis of noise in a high-power cascaded fiber amplifier is presented. Unlike the noise theory in low power communication, the noise of a high power system is redefined as the leaked output energy between pulses with coherent beat noise uncounted. This definition is more appropriate for high power usage in which the pulse energy receives more attention than the pulse shape integrity. Then the low power pre-amplifying stages are considered as linear amplification and analyzed by linear theory. In the high-power amplification stages, the inversion is assumed to recover linearly in the time interval between pulses. The time shape of the output pulse is different from that of the input signal because of different gains at the front and back ends of the pulse. Then, a criterion is provided to distinguish the nonlinear and linear amplifications based on the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） analysis. Then, an experiment that shows that the output SNR actually drops off in nonlinear amplification is performed. The change in the noise factor can be well evaluated by pulse shape distortion.