苯并菲盘状液晶的合成、亲氟效应及分子对称性对介晶性的影响

New symmetrical and asymmetrical triphenylene-containing discotic liquid crystals with two different peripheral alkyl chains, known as sym-TP(OC6H13)3(OR)3 and asym-TP(OC6H13)3(OR)3, were synthesized. Their thermotropic liquid crystal properties were investigated through polarizing optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The asyrranetdcal discogens are 2,6,11-rialkoxy-3,7,10-trihexyloxytriphenylenes, with the alkyl chain carbon numbers varying from 3-10, 12, and 14, while the symmetrical compounds are 2,6,10-trialkyloxy-3,7,11-trihexyloxytriphenylene. Two fluoroalkoxy substituted triphenylene discogens, 2,6,10-td(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-3,7,11-trihexyloxytriphenylene and its asymmetrical isomer 2,6,11-tri(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-3,7,10-trihexyloxytdphenylene were prepared. These two compounds show higher melting and clearing points than their alkoxy analogs, which implies that fluorophilic effect exists in the formation and stabilization of discotic columnar mesophase. The triphenylene derivatives TP(OC6H13)3(OR)3 with two different peripheral chains, symmetrically or asymmetrically attached on triphenylene cores, have lower melting points and clearing points than those of the higher symmetrical compounds TP(OR)6 with the same total chain carbon numbers. The mixed-chain-triphenylenes with longer alkoxy chains (n=9,10,12,14) show columnarmesophase at room temperature.     

新郑西亚斯东周玉器材料属性与加工工艺的科技分析

中国玉文化源远流长，治玉工艺经过各个时代的不断发展和完善，在一定程度上能反映古代社会生产力发展水平及文化、贸易、技术交流等信息。利用能量色散型X射线荧光光谱（EDXRF）、激光拉曼光谱（LRS）、超景深光学显微系统（OM）等分析技术，结合硅胶覆膜微痕复制技术，对河南省新郑西亚斯东周墓地出土的一批玉器进行科技分析。首先利用化学成分和物相结构分析技术确定了玉器材质的矿物属性，其次利用显微分析技术表征了玉器表面及穿孔内部和印模的加工痕迹，特别是阴刻纹饰和穿孔微痕特征，最后探讨了玉器样品的材料属性和加工工艺两者之间的联系。化学成分和物相结构分析结果表明，所分析的西亚斯东周玉器材质丰富，主要矿物组成有滑石、透闪石、水晶、云母等。玉器表面纹饰微痕特征分析表明，所分析玉器阴刻工艺采用了两种加工工具，分别是砣具和手持硬质工具。穿孔微痕分析特征表明，钻孔包括单面钻孔和双面/多面钻孔两种方式，钻孔工艺则有实心钻、管钻等。部分玉器钻孔形状和内部微痕特征表明，尽管均采用了实心钻工艺，但所采用的实心钻头在形状上存在差异，同时，也存在是否配合解玉砂进行钻孔的差异。不同材料属性的玉器采用了不同的加工工艺。滑石质玉器，莫氏硬度1，器型主要为玉片饰，其表面阴刻纹饰主要采用手持硬质工具进行刻画，钻孔主要采用了双面钻孔方式，并使用了实心钻头未添加解玉砂进行加工，钻头形状可能为圆锥状；云母质玉器，莫氏硬度2~3，器型主要为玉玦片饰，纹饰采用了砣具添加解玉砂的加工工艺，钻孔方式为单面钻孔，采用了管钻工艺。透闪石型玉器，莫氏硬度5~6，器型主要为玉片饰，表面纹饰采用砣具配合解玉砂砣刻，以双面钻孔的方式为主，钻孔工艺为实心钻头配合解玉砂工艺，钻头形状与滑石类样品一致，为圆锥状。水晶质玉器，莫氏硬度7，均为珠饰，表面无纹饰，钻孔方式为双面/多面钻孔，钻孔工艺为实心钻配合解玉砂工艺，且钻头可能为圆柱形。研究结果表明，玉器表面纹饰所采用的阴刻工艺和钻孔工艺，与玉器本身的材料属性、器型等存在密切关系。     

Existence of heteroclinic orbits in a novel three-order dynamical system

In this paper,we design a novel three-order autonomous system.Numerical simulations reveal the complex chaotic behaviors of the system.By applying the undetermined coefficient method,we find a heteroclinic orbit in the system.As a result,the Si’lnikov criterion along with some other given conditions guarantees that the system has both Smale horseshoes and chaos of horseshoe type.     

G波段扩展互作用速调管的理论分析与设计

扩展互作用速调管是一种在毫米波、亚毫米波频段具有广泛应用前景的电真空器件.本文基于运动学理论、感应电流定理和电荷守恒定律,推导一间隙到五间隙谐振腔的电子负载电导和电子负载电纳的表达式,分析了谐振腔间隙宽度、间隙数和间隙周期等参数对电子注与微波之间能量交换的影响和谐振腔谐振频率的影响.根据理论分析结果,采用三维电磁仿真软件设计了一款工作于G波段的扩展互作用速调管,仿真结果显示,当电子注电压为24 kV、电流为0.15 A、输入功率为200 mW、轴向引导磁感应强度为0.8 T时,在中心频率217.94 GHz处,输出功率为225.5 W,电子效率为6.26%,增益为30.5 dB, 3 dB带宽约为470 MHz.     

Cross section of the impact single ionization of B2＋ by H＋

The ionization process of B2+ by H+ impact is studied using the continuum-distorted-wave eikonal-initial-state (CDW-EIS) method and the modified free electron peak approximation (M-FEPA), respectively. Total, single-, and double- differential cross sections from 1s and 2s orbitals are presented for the energy range from 10 keV/u to 10 MeV/u. Comparison between the results from the two methods demonstrates that the total and single-differential cross sections for the high-energy incident projectile case can be well evaluated using the simple M-FEPA model. Moreover, the M-FEPA model reproduces the essential features of the binary-encounter (BE) bump in the double-differential cross sections. Thus, the BE ionization mechanism is discussed in detail by adopting the M-FEPA model. In particular, the double- and single-differential cross sections from the 2s orbital show a high-energy hip, which is different from those from the 1s orbital. Based on Ref. [1], the Compton profiles of B2+ for 1s and 2s orbitals are given, and the hips in DDCS and SDCS from the 2s orbital are explained.     

微波水热法制备CdS单分散纳米球及其形貌控制

采用微波水热法,以醋酸镉(Cd(CH3COO)2.2H2O)为镉源,硫脲(CS(NH2)2)为硫源,制备出了具有单分散球形形貌的CdS纳米晶。应用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、能量色散谱仪(EDS)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等测试手段对样品的物相、形貌、元素组分及吸光性能进行了表征,并以罗丹明B溶液的降解脱色反应来考察了其的光催化活性。结果表明:随着S/Cd物质的量比(nS/nCd)逐渐增大,产物会出现由刺球链状向分散球形过渡的规律性变化。在一定的nS/nCd比的条件下可以合成出大小均匀、分散性较好的六方相CdS纳米球。样品对可见光有较强吸收,存在着一定的红移现象。在可见光照射下,硫化镉单分散纳米球具有更高的光催化活性。     

四溴代对苯二甲酸及2，2′-联吡啶构筑的铜配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构及热稳定性

以四溴代对苯二甲酸(H2TBTA)与2,2′-联吡啶(2,2′-bipy)为配体,与硝酸铜在水和甲醇混合溶剂中合成了1个一维铜配合物{[Cu(2,2′-bipy)(TBTA)(H2O)].H2O}n,并通过元素分析、红外分析、热重分析、X-射线粉末衍射和X-射线单晶衍射对其进行了表征。该配合物属于正交晶系,空间群为Pna21,a=1.399 9(11)nm,b=0.929 3(7)nm,c=1.557 9(11)nm,V=2.027(3)nm3,Z=4,R1=0.053 5。中心Cu(Ⅱ)离子处于一个五配位环境中,且在配合物中存在着π-π相互作用和氢键作用。热重分析表明该配合物在203℃开始发生分解。