激光扫描匹配方法研究综述

激光扫描匹配是利用激光雷达进行导航、定位与地图构建的基础,本文对各类激光扫描匹配方法进行了综述。将现有方法归纳为基于点的扫描匹配方法、基于特征的扫描匹配方法和基于数学特性的扫描匹配方法 3类,系统总结了相应类型的常见方法;对典型的算法及其改进算法进行了梳理,并指出了存在的主要问题和发展趋势;介绍了激光扫描匹配方法性能评价和对比的最新研究进展,最后,展望了激光扫描匹配技术未来的研究方向。     

基于高光谱技术的土壤水分无损检测

利用高光谱成像仪(光谱范围400～1 000 nm)对土壤含水率进行了无损检测。比较了208个土样不同天数下土壤含水率与光谱变化、不同质量含水量光谱的差异;对比分析了不同光谱预处理方法、不同方法提取特征波长、采用多元线性回归(multiple linear regression,MLR)、主成分回归(principal component regression,PCR)与偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)建模,优选出最佳模型。结果表明：光谱曲线的反射率随着土壤含水率的增加而减小。当超过田间持水率时,光谱曲线的反射率会随着土壤含水率的增加而增大。对比分析了不同预处理方法,近红外波段优选出单位向量归一化预处理方法。采用无信息变量消除法(UVE)、竞争自适应加权采样(CARS)、β系数法、连续投影算法(SPA)方法提取特征波长为49,30,5和7。为了减少数据冗余,对UVE与CARS提取的特征波长进一步采用SPA方法进行特征提取,UVE+SPA,CARS+SPA提取特征波长数分别为5和8个。在此基础上,利用MLR,PCR和PLSR方法对400～1 000 nm范围的特征波长建立模型,对比分析不同建模效果,优选出β系数提取的特征波长的MLR模型。最优的特征波长为411,440,622,713和790 nm,最优模型的预测相关系数R_p=0.979,预测均方根误差RMSEP为0.763。因此,今后可采用不同波段对土壤含水率进行定量分析。     

高亮度大功率半导体激光器光纤耦合模块

应用ZEMAX软件设计出高亮度大功率光纤耦合模块。采用16支输出功率12 W的单偏振态单边发射半导体激光器,耦合进芯径100 μm、数值孔径0.22的光纤中。模块输出功率达到189.4 W,耦合效率达到98.6%,亮度达到94.66 MW/cm²-str。通过SolidWorks软件优化得到新热沉结构,应用ANSYS软件进行热分析,结果表明新热沉结构最高温度为42.4℃,相比优化前温度降低1℃以上,得到良好散热结构模型。     

316不锈钢在含沙两相射流中长时间冲蚀的实验研究

采用含沙射流对316不锈钢进行了20 h以上的长时间冲蚀行为研究。对三个不同冲击角度下不锈钢的质量损失和表面形貌进行了研究和分析。结果表明,冲击角度为90°时,不锈钢的质量损失最大,冲击角度为60°时,不锈钢的质量损失最小。在90°连续冲击18 h之后,不锈钢质量损失趋于平缓,几乎不再发生变化;而在75°和60°连续冲击28 h后不锈钢的质量损失仍然呈上升趋势。SEM结果表明,90°冲击下的样品表面出现多个冲击坑,75°冲击下样品表面出现划痕,60°冲击下样品表面出现的刮痕较多且较长,这与不同冲击角度时不同的磨损机理有关。冲击角较大时,石英砂颗粒对材料的破坏机理是以正碰为主,冲击角较小时,颗粒对材料的破坏机理则是犁削作用。     

Objective visual performance evaluation with visual evoked potential measurements based on an adaptive optics system

An objective visual performance evaluation with visual evoked potential(VEP) measurements was first integrated into an adaptive optics(AO) system. The optical and neural limits to vision can be bypassed through this system. Visual performance can be measured electrophysiologically with VEP, which reflects the objective function from the retina to the primary visual cortex. The VEP measurements without and with AO correction were preliminarily carried out using this system, demonstrating the great potential of this system in the objective visual performance evaluation. The new system will provide the necessary technique and equipment support for the further study of human visual function.     

Electrical property effect of oxygen vacancies in the heterojunction of LaGaO_3/SrTiO_3

Density functional theory within the local density approximation is used to investigate the effect of the oxygen vacancy on the LaGaO_3/SrTiO_3(001) heterojunction. It is found that the energy favorable configuration is the oxygen vacancy located at the 3~(rd) layer of the STO substrate, and the antiferrodistortive distortion is induced by the oxygen vacancy introduced on the SrTiO_3 side. Compared with the heterojunction without introducing oxygen vacancy, the heterojunction with introducing the oxygen vacancy does not change the origin of the two-dimensional electron gas(2DEG), that is, the 2DEG still originates from the d_(xy) electrons, which are split from the t~(2g) states of Ti atom at interface; however the oxygen vacancy is not beneficial to the confinement of the 2DEG. The extra electrons caused by the oxygen vacancy dominantly occupy the 3d_(x~2-y~2) orbitals of the Ti atom nearest to the oxygen vacancy, thus the density of carrier is enhanced by one order of magnitude due to the introduction of oxygen vacancy compared with the density of the ideal structure heterojunction.     

Angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of GeO_x growth by plasma post-oxidation

The growth process of GeO_x films formed by plasma post-oxidation(PPO) at room temperature(RT) is investigated using angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(AR-XPS). The experimental results show that the distributions of the Ge~(4+)states, a mixture of the Ge_(2+)and Ge~(3+)states, and the Ge~(1+)states are localized from the GeO_x surface to the GeO_x/Ge interface. Moreover, the Ge~(1+)states are predominant when the two outermost layers of Ge atoms are oxidized.These findings are helpful for establishing in-depth knowledge of the growth mechanism of the GeO_x layer and valuable for the optimization of Ge-based gate stacks for future complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor(MOS) field-effect transistor(CMOSFET) devices.     

基于区域生长重心的大型多阵列圆标定板基准点的提取技术

针对视觉测量在轨道交通隧道大范围轮廓测量上的问题,研究设计一种大型多阵列圆标定板进行系统标定工作,提出区域生长重心法实现对标定图像上基准点的提取。即将区域生长法和灰度重心法相结合,通过粗定位寻找每个基准圆的种子点,考虑种子点像素的4邻域像素进行区域生长,然后利用灰度重心法提取生长区域的重心作为基准点。将非线性变化的基准点替代线性提取的基准圆的种子点,消除了图像畸变的影响,保证了特征检测过程的可靠性和鲁棒性,达到对于多阵列圆大型标定板基准点的提取。通过搭载鱼眼镜头拍摄6m的模拟隧道横断面轮廓,进行轮廓测量与还原。实验表明该方法提取的基准点像素坐标误差可达到2pixel以内,系统测量精度能够达到±5mm以内,完全满足轨道交通隧道横断面轮廓测量误差标准。     

高效抗菌Cu2+-壳聚糖季铵盐/丙烯酸复合物的制备

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,在壳聚糖季铵盐（HACC）上接枝丙烯酸（AAc）并络合Cu²⁺,制备了具有高效抗菌性能的HACC-g-PAAc-Cu²⁺复合物.采用红外光谱（FTIR）和核磁共振波谱（¹H NMR）表征了壳聚糖季铵盐接枝改性前后的化学结构变化;利用紫外-可见吸收光谱（UV-Vis）、Cu²⁺选择电极和热失重分析（TGA）表征了壳聚糖季铵盐接枝前后负载Cu²⁺的能力;测定了HACC-Cu²⁺和HACC-g-PAAc-Cu²⁺对金黄色葡萄球菌及大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度,并对小鼠经口摄入毒性和兔皮肤敷涂刺激性进行了考察.研究结果表明,在壳聚糖季铵盐上负载Cu²⁺能够有效提高其抗菌性;接枝丙烯酸能提高HACC负载Cu²⁺的能力和抗菌性,Cu/HACC结构单元的摩尔比由接枝前的3：7提高到接枝后的1：1;对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度由60 mg/L下降到9.2 mg/L,对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度由37 mg/L下降到6.3 mg/L,无摄入毒性和皮肤刺激性.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测麦汁和啤酒中的麦香风味物质

应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)技术定量检测了啤酒和麦汁中的2,5-二甲基-4-羟基-3(2H)-呋喃酮(DMHF)、2(或5)-乙基-5(或2)-甲基-4-羟基-3(2H)-呋喃酮(EMHF)和2-乙酰吡咯(2-AP)3种麦香风味物质。使用C₁₈固相萃取柱净化样品。采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm)分离,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液和0.01%(v/v)甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。结合这3种化合物的保留时间,在正离子模式下,采用多反应监测(MRM)技术进行定量检测。当质量浓度低于1000 μ g/L时,校准曲线的线性良好(R²>0.999)。方法的加标回收率在74.3%~86.7%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)在4.8%~7.3%之间。由于酵母发酵时会生成DMHF和EMHF,导致啤酒中这两种物质的含量明显高于麦汁。某些品类啤酒如印度淡色爱尔啤酒(IPA),通常含有较高的麦香风味物质。该法样品处理简单,选择性好,且灵敏、准确、重现性好,可用于啤酒生产的过程控制。