二苯甲酮的绿色合成路线研究

用流变相法合成了苯甲酸钙,通过元素分析,红外光谱谱定了它的组成和晶体结构,用DTA和TG研究在它在氮气气氛中的热分解过程,并用红外光谱表征了热分解产物,苯甲酸钙在氮气中分两步分解,首先分解生成碳酸钙和二苯甲酮等,碳酸钙进一步分解生成氧化钙,由此确定了二苯甲酮的绿色合成路线。     

掺杂Eu3+离子LaPO4的合成及其发光特性研究

采用固相反应法合成了掺杂Eu3+离子的LaPO4,并用X射线粉末衍射对其结构进行了表征.XRD数据经计算机处理表明:LaPO4属单斜晶系,晶胞参数a=6.84A,b=7.08A,c=6.46A,β=103.85°,属P21/n(No.14)空间群.测定了其激发光谱和发射光谱,光谱数据表明:在掺杂Eu3+离子的LaPO4荧光体中,基质LaPO4的电荷迁移激发态的能量能有效地传递到Eu3+离子,说明基质LaPO4本身对发光有贡献.位于592,612 nm附近的2个发射峰均出现劈裂现象,即有2个5D0→7F1(590,594nm)、2个5D0→7F2(610,614nm)发射峰,说明掺杂的Eu3+离子在LaPO4晶体中有着不相同的配位环境,推测Eu3+离子处于D2d或D3对称格位.     

高能量γ射线刻度源装置

在核物理实验和γ剂量探测中,γ射线探测器,如 Ge(Li),HpGe,Nal(T1)和 BGO等都需要刻度能量线性和相对效率.在兆电子伏能区,在加速器上可以利用不同的核反应获得不同能量γ射线.但在没有加速器的地方则无法进行.我们利用一个～105中子/s的Am-Be中子源制成了高能量γ射线刻度源装置.实验装置见图1.这个装置简单、方便.对于没有加速器的地方尤为实用. 一个原子核俘获一个热中子后,由于中子结合能,复合核将处在较高的激发态,它在退激时放出特征的单色γ射线,其能量由激发态的能级决定.一般来说,俘获γ射线谱是多线结构的,但是在高能部分,…     

掺杂Y~(3+)的锂锰尖晶石的合成及其电化学性能研究

采用流变相反应法合成了掺杂稀土钇离子的锂锰尖晶石LiYxMn2 -xO4 ,并对其结构和电化学性能进行了初步研究.结果表明,当掺入的Y3+的含量较低(x≤ 0 0 2 )时,得到的产物能保持完整的尖晶石结构,并表现出极佳的电化学性能.Y3+的掺入使材料的循环稳定性能大幅度提高,而这种提高是源于Y3+对尖晶石结构的稳定作用.电极材料LiY0.0 2 Mn1.98O4 显示了最优的电化学性能,在 0 2C放电速率下,其初始放电容量为 118mA·h·g-1,10 0次循环后仍能保持初始容量的 98%     

Enhancement of electron–ion recombination rates at low energy range in the heavy ion storage ring CSRm

Recombination of Ar¹⁴⁺, Ar¹⁵⁺, Ca¹⁶⁺, and Ni¹⁹⁺ ions with electrons has been investigated at low energy range based on the merged-beam method at the main cooler storage ring CSRm in the Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou,China. For each ion, the absolute recombination rate coefficients have been measured with electron–ion collision energies from 0 meV to 1000 meV which include the radiative recombination(RR) and also dielectronic recombination(DR)processes. In order to interpret the measured results, RR cross sections were obtained from a modified version of the semiclassical Bethe and Salpeter formula for hydrogenic ions. DR cross sections were calculated by a relativistic configuration interaction method using the flexible atomic code(FAC) and AUTOSTRUCTURE code in this energy range. The calculated RR + DR rate coefficients show a good agreement with the measured value at the collision energy above 100 meV.However, large discrepancies have been found at low energy range especially below 10 meV, and the experimental results show a strong enhancement relative to the theoretical RR rate coefficients. For the electron–ion collision energy below 1 meV, it was found that the experimentally observed recombination rates are higher than the theoretically predicted and fitted rates by a factor of 1.5 to 3.9. The strong dependence of RR rate coefficient enhancement on the charge state of the ions has been found with the scaling rule of q^3.0, reproducing the low-energy recombination enhancement effects found in other previous experiments.     

钼在钨酸钙荧光体中的能量传递研究

合成一系列掺杂钼的乌酸钙荧光体，通过测定系列荧光体的发射光谱系统地研究了其发光特性，探讨了钼在钨酸钙荧光体中的能量传递机理。     

酸式邻苯二甲酸铜的合成与晶体结构的研究

采用固 -液反应法 ,用氧化铜和邻苯二甲酸酐合成了二水合酸式邻苯二甲酸铜Cu( HPht) 2 · 2 H2 O,研究了反应条件 ,测定了晶体结构和配位结构。结构分析发现 ,中心金属离子位于分子的对称中心位置 ,铜离子与来自 2个水分子和 2个邻苯二甲酸根中的4个氧原子形成近似正方形平面配位 ,邻苯二甲酸根是以 1个 O( 1 )与 Cu2 + 离子形成单齿配体 ,O( 2 )和 Cu2 +之间没有形成配位键     

Simulation of loss of uranium ions due to charge changing processes in the CSRm ring

Significant beam loss caused by the charge exchange processes and ion impact-induced outgassing may restrict the maximum number of accelerated heavy ions during the high intensity operation of an accelerator. In order to control beam loss due to charge exchange processes and confine the generated desorption gas, tracking of the beam loss distribution and installation of absorber blocks with low-desorption rate material at appropriate locations in the main Cooler Storage Ring (CSRm) at the Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, will be performed. The loss simulation of uranium ions with electron-loss is presented in this report and the conclusion is that most charge changed particles are lost in the second dipole of the super-period structure. The calculation of the collimation efficiency of the CSRm ring will be continued in the future.     

Li修饰的C24团簇的储氢性能

利用密度泛函理论研究了Li原子修饰的C₂₄团簇的储氢性能. Li原子在C₂₄团簇表面的最佳结合位是五元环. Li原子与C₂₄团簇之间的作用强于Li原子之间的相互作用, 能阻止它们在团簇表面发生聚集. 当Li原子结合到C₂₄表面时, 它们向C原子转移电子后带正电荷. 当氢分子接近这些Li原子时, 在电场作用下发生极化, 通过静电相互作用吸附在Li原子周围. 在Li修饰的C₂₄复合物中, 每个Li原子能吸附两到三个氢分子, 平均吸附能处于0.08到0.13 eV/H₂范围内. C₂₄Li₆能吸附12个氢分子, 储氢密度达到6.8 wt%.     

气体研究在化学理论发展史中的作用

气体研究在化学理论发展史中的作用何法信王至堂（曲阜师范大学化学系２７３１６５）（内蒙古大学化学系呼和浩特０１００２１）在化学发展的早期，人类曾被朴朔迷离的气体困扰了数千年。由于气体具有不同于液体和固体的诸多特性，如明显的可压缩性、扩散性、稀薄性、大多...