电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）法测定铁矿石中钒

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定铁矿石中钒含量的分析方法。采用盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解试样,不溶物残渣碱熔融回收,稀盐酸溶解盐类的方式对样品进行分解。对仪器的主要工作参数和分析谱线进行了选择,讨论了基体和共存元素的干扰,以及溶解酸和熔剂等条件实验,确立了最佳分析条件。按实验方法对铁矿石标准样品和试样中钒量进行测定,测定值与标准值或其它方法的认定值基本一致,相对标准偏差RSD6.5%。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）法测定铁矿石中钒

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定铁矿石中钒含量的分析方法。采用盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解试样,不溶物残渣碱熔融回收,稀盐酸溶解盐类的方式对样品进行分解。对仪器的主要工作参数和分析谱线进行了选择,讨论了基体和共存元素的干扰,以及溶解酸和熔剂等条件实验,确立了最佳分析条件。按实验方法对铁矿石标准样品和试样中钒量进行测定,测定值与标准值或其它方法的认定值基本一致,相对标准偏差RSD<6.5%。     

盐酸介质-火焰原子吸收光谱法快速测定铁矿石中钾钠铅锌

以氢氟酸溶解铁矿石,加高氯酸除去硅和氟,在稀盐酸介质中,使用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱仪测定铁矿石中钾钠铅锌。通过实验确定了原子吸收光谱仪测定钾、钠、铅、锌含量的最佳工作条件,并对样品称样量、测量钾、钠、铅、锌含量的各标准曲线及检出限分析后,运用此方法测定铁矿石样品中钾、钠、铅、锌含量,相对标准偏差(n=10)均小于±5%。     

火焰原子吸收法快速测定铁矿石中金属铁

探讨了火焰原子吸收法(FAAS法)快速测定铁矿石中金属铁的分析条件。对试样的溶解方法、元素分析线、共存元素干扰、仪器分析最佳条件等进行了试验。金属铁含量在0.2%~2.0%范围与吸光度呈良好的线性,线性方程为y=22.924x–0.8458,相关系数r=0.9991。将该法用于铁精粉样品中金属铁的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.10%~2.98%(n=6),加标回收率为98.0%~103.0%。     

磷矿及磷肥中氧化钙测定方法改进

为了解决磷矿及磷肥中氧化钙酸溶不完全和消除测定过程中磷酸根、镁、铁等的干扰,对磷矿和磷肥中氧化钙的测定方法进行改进。对不同酸溶解体系选择、酸用量、加热时间、干扰掩蔽实验、pH值等条件进行实验,确定采用10 mL王水、3 mL氢氟酸分解试样,加入2 mL盐酸溶解盐类,加入10 mL糊精和5 mL三乙醇胺溶液掩蔽Mg^2+、Fe^3+、PO4^3-、Al^3+的干扰,无需过滤,在pH≈7时预加EDTA至溶液清亮,再加入KOH调节溶液pH>13,加入适量的钙黄绿素指示剂,用EDTA溶液滴定至绿色荧光消失,测定磷矿和磷肥中氧化钙。实验结果表明,三个磷矿石标准样品和磷肥监控样氧化钙测定的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为0.21%~1.1%。实际磷矿和磷肥样品中氧化钙测定值与国家标准方法测定结果一致。     

高钒试样中钙美的快速连续测定

高钒试样中钙的测定是在一定酸度条件下,在氯化铵存在下用草酸铵沉淀钙而与钒分离,然后用硫酸溶解,再用高锰酸钾标准溶液滴定[1]或将草酸钙灼烧为氧化钙后用EDTA络合滴定[2].这些方法分析流程长,操作复杂,并且对高含量镁的测定均没有详细报道.本文提出了一种简便、快速测定高钒试样中高含量钙和镁的方法.     

钼蓝分光光度法测定钼铝与钒铝合金中的硅

采用硝酸、氢氟酸分解试样,钼蓝分光光度法测定钒铝、钼铝合金中的硅量。对试样分解、光度法测定条件及共存元素的干扰等进行了试验。将该法应用于6个钒铝、钼铝试样中硅量(0.04%~0.46%)的测定,结果的相对标准偏差(n=11)在1.2%~4.6%之间,加标回收率为97.4%~102.2%。同时进行了多家实验室间数据比对,结果一致。     

微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法分析铁基粉末合金

采用微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定铁基粉末合金中的钙、钴、铬、铜、钼、钒及钨7种元素。试样用硝酸3mL和硫酸-磷酸-水(1+2+7)混合酸6mL溶解,于微波消解仪的密闭容器中,在功率800W及压力0.6MPa的条件下消解铁基粉末合金。试验选择各元素的分析线为317.993nm(钙),228.616nm(钴),205.552nm(铬),324.754nm(铜),204.598nm(钼),311.071nm(钒)及207.911nm(钨),配制工作曲线时采用基体匹配的方法消除基体干扰。为验证此方法的准确性,由3家分析实验室对3个样品用不同分析方法进行对比分析,结果表明:此方法的测定值与其他实验室的分析结果相一致。     

脉冲加热-红外吸收光谱法测定钒铝合金中氢

对脉冲加热-红外吸收法测定钒铝合金中氢的分析方法进行了研究。通过实验对分析功率、称样量和校正标样等测试条件进行了讨论。实验表明钒铝合金中的氢易释放,对于AlV85样品中氢,热提取法和熔融法测定结果一致;但AlV50样品中氢,热提取法的结果略高于熔融法,故实验中选用热提取法测定钒铝合金中氢量。热提取法用0.75g金属锡作助熔剂,于4.0kW分析功率条件下测定钛标准样品中氢来确定氢工作曲线的校正系数,在1.5kW分析功率下测定钒铝合金中氢,测定结果与高频感应-热导法(用5g钢标准样品对氢的测定进行校正)结果吻合。对3个钒铝合金中氢量进行了测定,结果的相对标准偏差为2.2%～6.5%(n=8)。     

可视滴定法测定铝钒中间合金中的钒时称样量和滴定液浓度的优化

用可视滴定法测定铝钒中间合金中的钒时,对称样量和硫酸亚铁铵滴定液浓度的关系进行了探讨。实验发现,基体铝对于铝钒合金中钒的测定无影响。常见的铝钒合金范围为50%～60%,低于50%和高于标准上限0.5%钒含量的合金没有实验样品,通过向样品溶液中加入钒标准溶液可模拟铝钒合金试样。依据化学分析等物质量反应定律,选择不同钒含量的试验样品,对钒的称样量和滴定液浓度进行优化,确定了硫酸亚铁铵滴定液的浓度与滴定液消耗体积的合适关系。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定五氧化二钒中铁及氧化钾、氧化钠含量

五氧化二钒样品用盐酸分解,在稀盐酸介质中,用原子吸收分光光度计分别于248.3,766.5,589.0 nm波长处,使用空气–乙炔火焰,测量五氧化二钒中铁及氧化钾、氧化钠含量。在最佳实验条件下,铁、氧化钾、氧化钠的质量浓度分别在0.05~0.20,0.05~0.80,0.20~1.0 mg/L范围内与吸光度线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.998 6,0.994 3,0.994 2。方法检出限铁为6.7μg/L,氧化钾为1.0μg/L,氧化钠为1.4μg/L,加标回收率为95.9%~103.0%。铁、氧化钾、氧化钠测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为3.2%,4.2%,2.9%(n=6)。该方法适合五氧化二钒中铁及氧化钾、氧化钠的测定。     

黄钠铁矾中铁的测定

准确快速测定黄钠铁矾中铁的含量有利于控制铁湿法冶金的流程。采用氢氧化钠溶液分解试样,盐酸(1+9)溶解滤渣,蒸发除过量酸,氨水沉淀分离铜、镍、钴等元素,再用稀盐酸溶解沉淀。在盐酸介质中,SnCl_2将大部分Fe(Ⅲ)还原为Fe(Ⅱ),钨酸钠为指示剂,用TiCl_3还原呈钨蓝色,重铬酸钾滴定至蓝色褪去。再以二苯胺磺酸钠为指示剂,重铬酸钾标准溶液滴定测定样品中铁的含量。实验表明,黄钠铁矾中共存干扰元素绝大部分被分离,同时与酸溶解法进行比较,测定数据一致,相对标准偏差(n=9)小于0.1%。     

Synergic extraction and atomic absorption spectrometric determination of vanadium in silicates

An atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of vanadium in silicates is proposed. Samples are digested with aqua regia and hydrofluoric acid in sealed Tenon vessels, iron is eliminated by anion exchange from 8 M hydrochloric acid, and vanadium is extracted synergically with β -isopropyltropolone into di-n-butyl ether in the presence of n-butanol from 0.5 M hydrochloric acid. The extract is aspirated into a nitrous oxide—acetylene flame. Less than 3 mg of iron in the organic extract (15 ml) does not interfere in the determination of 150 μg of vanadium. The results for vanadium in nine standard rock samples (USGS, GSJ and CSRM) agree well with earlier data. The recovery, reproducibility, and accuracy of the proposed method are satisfactory. Vanadium in new standard silicate rocks, GSJ-JB-2 and GSJ-JA-1, was also determined.     

A rapid and mercury pollution-free redoximetry determination of total iron in copper ore

A rapid and mercury pollution-free method for the determination of total iron in the presence of copper is described. The sample was decomposed either by an acid attack of hydrochloric acid-nitric acid (1 + 2) or by fusion with sodium peroxide. The ferric ion in the sample solution was amenable to direct reduction to ferrous ion with potassium borohydride in sulphuric acid medium under the catalysis of cupric ion, followed by titration with potassium dichromate using sodium diphenylaminesulfonate as an indicator. After reduction, the iron (II) in the solution was stable for 300 min. The proposed method is free of interference from copper and has been successfully used for the large-scale routine determination of total iron in copper ores showing the same or better degree of precision and accuracy as those obtained by the classic standard stannous chloride-mercuric chloride method with the separation of iron from copper.     

EDTA滴定法测定除尘灰中锌含量

采用灰化后再溶解试样的方法,成功解决了除尘灰因碳含量过高而难于溶解的问题;将灰化后的试样以HCl-HNO3-HF-HClO4混酸溶解,在氯酸钾存在下,以铁盐作载体,用氨水沉淀分离大部分铁、铝、铅等元素,以硫脲-氟化物、硫代硫酸钠、抗坏血酸作掩蔽剂,掩蔽剩余少量铜、锡、铁等干扰元素,在pH=5.5~6条件下,以二甲酚橙为指示剂,用EDTA标准溶液滴定得到锌的含量。方法的相对标准偏差在0.75%~2.8%,加标回收率在98.0%~102%。方法操作简便,且分析结果准确度、重现性较好,可以满足生产检验的需要。     

重铬酸钾容量法测定铁矿石中亚铁含量方法的改进

建立了以邻菲罗啉(Phen)、氢氟酸(HF)和硫酸(H2 SO4)为溶剂溶解试样,用重铬酸钾滴定法测定铁矿中亚铁含量的新方法.在强酸(H2 SO4)介质中,Fe2与邻菲罗啉和氟离子形成稳定的络合物,有效地防止了亚铁离子的氧化.在硼酸、硫磷混酸溶液中,以重铬酸钾溶液滴定,并对溶样过程以及滴定过程中的一些条件进行了优化.方法用于铁矿中氧化亚铁的测定,经过国家标准样品以及单位管理样品分析数据对比,方法的重现性较好,相对标准偏差(RSD)＜1％,方法无需在铂金坩埚进行熔样,具有准确度高、重现性好、简单、快速、经济等优点,在实际应用中得到满意的结果.     

Pollution-free method for the determination of iron in iron ore

A method for the determination of total iron in iron ores and concentrates is described which avoids the use of mercuric chloride. The sample is decomposed either by an acid attack or by fusion with sodium peroxide. The hot sample solution in about 6M hydrochloric acid is treated with hot 10% stannous chloride solution till pale yellow, followed by addition of a slight excess of 2% titanous chloride solution; the excess is then oxidized with perchloric acid (1 + 1). The solution is rapidly cooled in ice-water, and the iron (II) is titrated with potassium dichromate (sodium diphenylsulphonate as indicator). The results show the same degree of precision, accuracy, and degree of interference as those obtained by the standard stannous chloride-mercuric chloride method.     

Analysis of vanadium-titanium ores and alloys

A new spectrophotometric method for determining titanium in vanadium-titanium ore with 2,2'-biquinoxalyl was developed. The analytical procedure to dissolve samples and separate titanium from vanadium and tin was elaborated as well. Furthermore, vanadium and iron were determined in the ore investigated.     

Isotachophoretic separation behavior of rare-earth EDTA chelates and analysis of minor rare-earth elements in an iron ore by bidirectional isotachophoresis-particle-induced X-ray emission.

Mobilities of 16 anions of rare-earth-EDTA 1:1 chelate (RE-EDTAs) were isotachophoretically measured by using two leading electrolytes (pH 3.6 and 6.0) in order to assess their separation behavior. The leading electrolyte was 20 mM hydrochloric acid. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 3.6 by adding beta-alanine and to 6.0 by adding histidine. The obtained mobilities were very close to each other in the range 20.1x10(-5)-21.9x10(-5) cm2 V(-1) s(-1) with the minimum mobilities for Pr-EDTA and Nd-EDTA for pH 3.6 and 6.0, respectively, and pH dependence was hardly observed. On the basis of the above knowledge. minor rare-earth elements in a standard iron ore sample were determined as RE-EDTAs by bidirectional isotachophoresis-particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), where the Fe(II) matrix digested by alkali fusion was separated as Fe(II)Phen3(2+) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). Since 5% of the total iron was still detected as Fe(III)EDTA- and might disturb PIXE analysis of RE-EDTA-, itaconic acid was used as the spacer for Fe(III)EDTA- and RE-EDTA-. The fractions of RE-EDTA- were successfully analyzed off-line by a multielemental analytical method, PIXE [analytical result (3.62% (w/w) as RE2O3]; the nominal value was 3.37% (w/w) as RExOy.     

碘量法测定废杂铜屑中的铜含量

采用硝酸-盐酸溶解样品,在硫酸体系下加入氢溴酸,使得氢溴酸与试样中的砷、锑、锡等元素反应生成易挥发的溴化物,从而消除其干扰,滴定前用氟化氢氨掩蔽铁,在pH=3.0～4.0的范围采用碘量法测定废杂铜屑中的铜含量。用于测定金属样废杂铜屑中铜的含量,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为0.20%～0.25%,加标回收率在98.8%～101%,方法简单准确,能够满足日常检测需求。