具有低SO_2氧化活性的Pt/Zr_xTi_(1-x)O_2柴油车氧化催化剂的制备及性能

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列ZrxTi1-xO2(x=0.0,0.1,0.5,0.9,1.0)复合氧化物,并以此为载体,用等孔体积浸渍H2PtCl6制得Pt/ZrxTi1-xO2柴油车氧化催化剂.运用N2吸附-脱附,X射线多晶粉末衍射,X射线光电子能谱,H2程序升温还原和NH3程序升温脱附等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,在系列催化剂样品中,Zr0.1Ti0.9O2复合氧化物主要以锐钛矿形式存在,具有较好的织构性能,样品的比表面积达94m2/g,孔体积为0.33cm3/g.相应地,Pt/Zr0.1Ti0.9O2催化剂表现出优异的催化氧化性能,HC和CO的起燃温度(T50)分别为185和174oC,完全转化温度(T90)分别为197和201oC;且具有较低的SO2氧化活性,350oC时SO2仅转化25.5%.     

PdO-CeO2复合氧化物催化剂的CO低温氧化

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列不同Pd含量的PdO-CeO2复合氧化物催化剂,并考察了该催化剂的CO低温氧化反应催化性能.运用X射线衍射(XRD),物理吸附(BET),CO化学吸附,程序升温还原(TAR),脉冲反应等技术对催化剂进行了表征.XRD结果表明,焙烧温度从400 ℃升高到800℃,有利于CexPd1-xO2-δ固溶体的形成.然而焙烧温度升至1000℃时,导致Pd从固溶体中析出.催化剂的CO氧化活性(TOF)与CexPd1-xO2-δ固溶体的含量存在一定的对应关系.随着CexPd,1-xO2-δ固溶体含量的增加,CO氧化的TOF值大,可见CexPd1-xO2-δ固溶体的形成对CO氧化活性有着主要的贡献.在催化剂焙烧温度相同的条件下,催化剂的CO氧化活性与Pd粒子大小无对应关系.脉冲反应进一步说明PdOx的CO氧化活性高于金属Pd.     

Pt/CNT纳米催化剂的微波快速合成及其对甲醇电化学氧化的电催化性能

碳纳米管 (CNT)作为制备新型催化剂载体已有广泛的研究 [1～ 8] ,例如 ,在其表面负载 Pt,Ru和Pt Ru后则具有良好的催化性能[1,2 ,6～ 8] .但在 CNT表面负载金属微粒的方法难以获得尺寸和形状均匀的纳米粒子 .因此 ,如何制备超细和均匀的纳米粒子是一项具有重要的学术意义和技术价值的工作 .我们利用微波加热的多元醇工艺合成了 XC-72碳负载铂纳米粒子的催化剂 ,并发现它对甲醇的氧化具有较高的电催化活性 [9] .本文进一步以 CNT作为载体 ,利用微波加热法快速合成了 Pt/ CNT纳米催化剂 ,并对其对甲醇电化学氧化的性能进行了初步研究 …     

Ce0.63Zr0.37MnxO2复合氧化物在CH4选择性催化还原NO反应中的研究

以Ce0.63Zr0.37MnxO2复合氧化物(OSM)为载体,Pt为活性组分,制备Pt质量百分含量为1%的催化剂。考察了OSM中Mn含量对CH4催化还原NO反应的性能,并利用XRD和H2-TPR对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明Pt/OSM催化剂在有氧条件下对CH4催化还原NO具有较好的催化活性,Mn含量为10%和15%的OSM制备的催化剂活性最好。XRD结果表明,Ce0.63Zr0.37MnxO2复合氧化物以固熔体形式存在,且Pt高度分散于载体上。H2-TPR结果表明,Pt/OSM2和Pt/OSM3催化剂具有较强的可还原性能,而Pt/OSM1和Pt/OSM4催化剂的可还原性能较弱。     

CNT表面修饰对Pt/CNT在邻氯硝基苯加氢反应中催化性能的影响

用乙二醇还原法制备了碳纳米管(CNT)负载的铂催化剂(Pt/CNT).考察了CNT化学修饰与物理修饰对催化剂的影响.CNT化学修饰采用H2SO4-HNO3氧化法,物理修饰采用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)吸附法.用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、电感耦合等离子发射光谱、H2程序升温脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱和元素分析对Pt/CNT催化剂进行了表征,并以邻氯硝基苯选择加氢为探针反应考察了Pt/CNT的催化性能.结果表明,化学修饰与物理修饰都能在CNT表面引入一定数量的活性位,有助于促进Pt异相成核,提高Pt的分散性,进而提高催化剂的活性.SDS在一定浓度下可形成特定结构的胶束,导致形成特定形貌的Pt纳米粒子.     

管径对碳纳米管负载铂催化剂氧还原的影响（英文）

采用微波辅助乙二醇法制备了一系列酸处理后的不同管径(8–15,20–30,30–50,50 nm)的碳纳米管(CNT)负载铂(Pt)催化剂(Pt/CNT)。通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析仪(TGA)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对所制得催化剂进行结构表征;采用循环伏安法(CV)和线性扫描伏安法(LSV)对其催化性能进行测试。结果表明,不同管径的碳纳米管对Pt的粒径、载量和分散性有一定程度影响;然而,不同CNT管径的催化剂表现出明显不同的催化氧还原反应(ORR)活性。采用管径为8–15 nm的CNT作为载体制备的催化剂(Pt/CNT_8)的Pt载量最高,表现出有很好的催化活性和稳定性。Pt/CNT8在0.9 V时Pt的质量活性为0.188 A?mg~(-1),是商业催化剂(JM Pt/C)的2倍。经扫描5000圈稳定性测试之后,Pt/CNT_8的半波电位负移(~7 mV)远远小于商业JM Pt/C半波电位的负移(~32 mV),表现出优越的催化ORR稳定性。     

Pt/γ-Al2O3/CexZr1-xO2催化剂低温催化燃烧去除饮食油烟

以CexZr1-xO2固溶体做载体,制备了系列Pt/γ-Al2O3/CexZr1-xO2催化剂(x=1,0.75,0.5,0.25,0).应用Brunauer-Emmet-Teller(BET)比表面积分析、X射线衍射(XRD)和H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等手段对催化剂进行相关表征,并系统研究了催化剂在饮食油烟催化燃烧中的催化活性.BET结果表叫催化剂的比表面积随Ce/Zr摩尔比的减小而减小.XRD结果表明贵金属Pt很好地分散在氧化铝和CexZr1-xO2固溶体上.H2-TPR结果发现催化剂Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2的还原峰面积最大且氧离子的流动性最好.催化活性研究结果表明Pt负载在CexZr1-xO2固溶体上有利于油烟的催化燃烧,降低了反应温度.随着CexZr1-xO2固溶体中Ce/Zr摩尔比的变化,催化剂的活性顺序为Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2＞Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.25Zr0.75O2＞Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2＞Pt/γ-Al2O3/CeO2＞Pt/γ-Al2O3/ZrO2.     

Pt/γ-Al2O3/CexZr1-xO2催化剂低温催化燃烧去除饮食油烟

以CexZr1-xO2固溶体做载体, 制备了系列Pt/γ-Al2O3/CexZr1-xO2催化剂(x=1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0). 应用Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET)比表面积分析、X射线衍射(XRD)和H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等手段对催化剂进行相关表征, 并系统研究了催化剂在饮食油烟催化燃烧中的催化活性. BET结果表明催化剂的比表面积随Ce/Zr摩尔比的减小而减小. XRD结果表明贵金属Pt很好地分散在氧化铝和CexZr1-xO2固溶体上. H2-TPR结果发现催化剂Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2的还原峰面积最大且氧离子的流动性最好. 催化活性研究结果表明Pt负载在CexZr1-xO2固溶体上有利于油烟的催化燃烧, 降低了反应温度. 随着CexZr1-xO2固溶体中Ce/Zr摩尔比的变化, 催化剂的活性顺序为Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2>Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.25Zr0.75O2>Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2>Pt/γ-Al2O3/CeO2>Pt/γ-Al2O3/ZrO2.     

组合型Pt/TiO_2催化剂用于低温催化甲苯完全氧化

将均匀分布的纳米Pt粒子直接吸附到TiO2载体上,即制得了组合型Pt/TiO2催化剂(Pt/TiO2-AS).与浸渍法制备的Pt/TiO2催化剂(Pt/TiO2-WI)比较,Pt/TiO2-AS催化剂在催化甲苯完全氧化反应中表现出了很好的催化性能,甲苯转化率为100%时的反应温度低至150°C,而且即使在较高甲苯浓度和较高气体空速下,该催化剂也能保持较好的催化性能.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)及傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱等对两种Pt/TiO2催化剂的结构和表面性能进行了表征.结果表明组合型Pt/TiO2-AS催化剂粒径小(2.5 nm),活性组分主要以Pt0形式存在且分布在载体表面,而且载体表面Ti―O键活化使催化剂具有较强的催化氧化能力.另外,活性中心的价态变化(Pt0→Ptδ+)是导致Pt/TiO2-AS催化剂失活的主要原因.     

铂纳米颗粒增强MnO2纳米棒对CO和挥发性有机化合物的氧化活性

通过水热法合成了纯相的α-MnO2和δ-MnO2纳米棒,并利用溶胶固定化工艺制备了负载铂纳米颗粒的Pt/MnO2材料.通过透射电镜(TEM),X射线粉末衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM),X射线光电子能谱(XPS),N2吸附-脱附和H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)技术研究了样品的微观结构和吸附活性位,探查了CO和挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)(苯和甲苯)在催化剂上的催化发光(CTL)性质.结果表明:铂颗粒在α-MnO2和δ-MnO2载体上以高分散状态存在,负载过程不会影响α-MnO2纳米棒的晶相结构,但会导致δ-MnO2纳米棒产生结构变化.经XPS证实不是Pt与其发生了反应.α-和δ-MnO2纳米棒对CO、苯和甲苯的催化氧化都具有很高的活性,δ-MnO2的活性略高于α-MnO2相.虽然N2吸附-脱附实验结果证实Pt负载会导致MnO2纳米棒比表面积的下降,但H2-TPR结果显示Pt和MnO2之间会产生强烈的相互作用,显著增强其催化活性,且Pt/δ-MnO2活性高于Pt/α-MnO2.催化氧化发光研究表明,这四种催化剂活性顺序是α-MnO2≤δ-MnO2相似文献   

Furyl- and thienyl-silatranes and germatranes

We review our research on the synthesis and study of the physical and biological properties of furyl- and thienylgermatranes and -silatranes.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 725–732, June, 1992.     

Review and patents and literature

The use of the insect cell/baculovirus expression system for producing recombinant proteins of bacterial, plant, insect, and mammalian origin has become widespread. The popularity of this eukaryotic expression system is due to many factors, including (1) potentially high protein expression levels, (2) ease and speed of genetic engineering, (3) ability to accommodate large DNA inserts, (4) protein processing similar to higher eukaryotic cells (e.g., mammalian cells), and (5) ease of insect cell growth (e.g., suspension growth). The following review of the literature discusses two engineering aspects of recombinant protein synthesis by insect cell cultures: bioreactor scale-up and insect cell line selection. Following this review patent abstracts and additional literature pertaining to expression of recombinant proteins in insect cell culture are listed.     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

Hard and soft acids and bases: structure and process

Under investigation is the structure and process that gives rise to hard-soft behavior in simple anionic atomic bases. That for simple atomic bases the chemical hardness is expected to be the only extrinsic component of acid-base strength, has been substantiated in the current study. A thermochemically based operational scale of chemical hardness was used to identify the structure within anionic atomic bases that is responsible for chemical hardness. The base's responding electrons have been identified as the structure, and the relaxation that occurs during charge transfer has been identified as the process giving rise to hard-soft behavior. This is in contrast the commonly accepted explanations that attribute hard-soft behavior to varying degrees of electrostatic and covalent contributions to the acid-base interaction. The ability of the atomic ion's responding electrons to cause hard-soft behavior has been assessed by examining the correlation of the estimated relaxation energies of the responding electrons with the operational chemical hardness. It has been demonstrated that the responding electrons are able to give rise to hard-soft behavior in simple anionic bases.     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Preparation and photolysis of poly-p-ethylacrylophenone and poly-p-chloroacrylophenone and their copolymers with styrene and methyl methacrylate

Poly-p-ethylacrylophenone (PPEtAP) and poly-p-chloroacrylophenone (PPClAP) and their copolymers with styrene (PEtAP/S) and (PClAP/S) and with methyl methacrylate (PEtAP/MMA) and (PClAP/MMA) were prepared. Quantum yields of main-chain scissions at 366 nm at room temperature in benzene solution are of the same order as those of the unsubstituted polyacrylophenone and its copolymers. Substitution with chlorine and ethyl group in the para position compared to the unsubstituted polyacrylophenone and its copolymers leads to an increase of the lifetime for the n–π^* excited triplet state, as is evident from the measured quenching constants of photolysis. The low-temperature emission spectra of the copolymers are similar to the spectra of the model compounds in a polymer film. For the homopolymer, however, the character of the emission spectrum changes considerably.     

Concentrations and distributions of trace and minor elements in Chinese and Canadian coals and ashes

A total of 35 trace and minor elements including some of environmental significance were determined in each of a selection of 15 Chinese and 6 Canadian thermal coals and their ashes by using the SLOWPOKE-2 nuclear reactor facility of the University of Toronto. The concentrations and distributions of these constituents among the coals and their combustion products (viz. ash and volatile matter) are presented together with an interpretation of their significance in relation to the large scale combustion of these coals as thermal fuels in industrialized countries such as China and Canada. The detailed results showed wide variations in trace impurity concentrations (up to a factor of 100 and more) among the coals studied with few large differences between those of Chinese and Canadian origin except that the rare earths, Sc, Th, U, I, and Se were much higher in the former, other halogens, As and Na were lower. Values for elemental enrichment factors (EF) relative to normal crustal abundances indicated that only As(EF=13), Br(5.7), I(16), S(230), Sb(11) and Se(320) were appreciably enriched in coal. During static ashing at 750°C most of the halogens, S and Se were volatilized whereas most other inorganic constituents were highly retained and concentrated in the ash by factors of 6 to 11.