辛伐他汀的波谱学数据和结构确证

对辛伐他汀的红外(IR)、紫外(UV)、质谱(MS)、氢-氢相关谱(^1H-^1HCOSY)、碳谱(^13C NMR,DEPT)、碳氢相关谱(HMQC)、碳氢远程相关谱(HMBC)予以解析并进行了报道,对所有的^1H NMR和^13C NMR谱信号进行了归属;讨论了红外特征吸收峰所对应的官能团的振动形式,并且对样品进行热差和热重分析,显示该样品为单一晶型,不含结晶水。     

基于代谢组学技术的辛伐他汀对磷脂类物质作用的初探

用超高效液相色谱和高分辨飞行时间质谱（UPLC／Q-TOF MS）联用技术,跟踪小鼠给予药物辛伐他汀前后血清中的内源性代谢物的变化,开展基于代谢组学技术的辛伐他汀对磷脂类物质作用的研究．研究结果显示：辛伐他汀药物对血清中磷脂类物质有较大影响,本文对其中6种具有显著性差异的标记物进行了结构确认,并对这些物质与降脂作用的关系进行了讨论．研究结果表明,将代谢组学技术应用于药物的作用效果研究,对新药研发和合理临床用药具有重要的指导意义．     

线性扫描极谱法测定辛伐他汀

用线性扫描极谱法研究辛伐他汀的电化学行为。在pH 6.88的0.12mol·L-1磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液中,辛伐他汀于-1.188V(vs.SCE)处产生一灵敏的吸附波,其一次微分线性扫描峰电流与辛伐他汀质量浓度在0.01～5.0mg·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为7.0μg·L-1。对5.0mg·L-1辛伐他汀溶液进行6次平行试验,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.53%,方法可用于测定其片剂中辛伐他汀含量。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱联用法测定人血浆中的辛伐他汀

建立了超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱联用法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定人血浆中辛伐他汀的浓度。血浆样品经乙醚-正己烷-异丙醇(体积比为80∶20∶3)提取,以洛伐他汀为内标,采用ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH C18柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)分离,以乙腈-10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(体积比为85∶15)为流动相,流速为0.25 mL/min,通过电喷雾离子化,采用多反应监测(MRM)方式进行正离子检测。线性范围为0.051～20.4 ng/mL,日内及日间测定的相对标准偏差不高于10%,平均回收率为91.6%。方法灵敏度高,分析速度快,操作简便,适用于辛伐他汀药物动力学和生物等效性研究。     

有机电致发光器件中的新型双极主体材料的合成及应用

设计并合成了一种由咔唑和噁二唑基团构成的,具有双极载流子传导特性的新型主体材料C1PBD。通过对C1PBD的光物理和电化学性能进行研究,证明这种新型的双极主体材料可以用作为蓝色荧光器件的主体材料.利用传统蓝色荧光掺杂材料TBPe,制备了C1PBD作为主体材料的器件,并对其性能进行了表征,器件开启电压约为3.2 V,最大电流效率达到2.26 cd/A,器件表现出稳定的蓝色发光,CIE值稳定在(0.14,0.14),展现了C1PBD作为主体材料的良好性能.     

柱前衍生HPLC-MS法测定黑果枸杞果实中脂肪酸

采用柱前衍生荧光检测高效液相色谱-大气压化学电离源/质谱联用技术对黑果枸杞果实中的脂肪酸成分进行分析。经2-(11-H-苯-a-咔唑)乙基对甲苯磺酸酯荧光衍生试剂对脂肪酸进行柱前衍生,梯度洗脱分离,荧光检测,外标法定量和在线质谱鉴定,建立了同时测定20种脂肪酸含量的方法,并运用此方法对黑果枸杞果实中的脂肪酸进行了分析。结果表明。检测限可以达到0.42~1.84 ng/mL。黑果枸杞果实中主要含有不饱和脂肪酸,其含量约占整个脂肪酸总量的64%,其中不饱和脂肪酸种类主要是C18∶1(油酸),C18∶2(亚油酸)和少量的C18∶3(亚麻酸);饱和脂肪酸主要是以C16(棕榈酸),C18(硬脂酸),C20(花生酸)和C22(山嵛酸)为主,另外还含有少量的C12(月桂酸),C14(肉豆蔻酸),C17(珠光脂酸),C23(二十三酸)和C24(木蜡酸)。本研究可以为黑果枸杞在食品、医药和保健方面的进一步开发应用提供可靠的科学依据。     

导向基团辅助的C—H键功能化

过渡金属催化的碳氢活化是方法学研究的热门领域。近些年,通过引入辅助基团作为导向基对化合物进行C—H键功能化,吸引了研究者们极大的关注。借助导向基,不仅可以大大提高反应的区域和立体选择性,更能提高催化反应的效率。本文综述了近三年内,通过羧基、吡啶等含氮、氧等导向基团进行导向基辅助的碳氢键活化,构建C—C键、C—O键以及C—N键的方法,重点讨论了催化剂的选择和反应机理的研究,同时也总结了目前所存在的问题和局限性,并对今后的发展方向作了展望。     

C1-C4在Pt 催化剂上的多相反应机理

提出并构建了H2和C1-C4碳氢燃料在Pt表面上的详细催化反应机理, 对所构建的机理分别用CH4、C2H6、C3H8以及C4H10等碳氢燃料进行了数值模拟; 并用文献中给定的部分碳氢燃料(如CH4、C2H6 加H2与不加H2, C3H8加H2与不加H2, 以及C4H10加H2)的催化着火与燃烧的实验结果与数值模拟结果进行了对比, 对比结果表明H2会对C3H8以及C4H10的催化起燃以及C2H6的催化燃烧起促进作用, 但所起作用的动力学过程并不是相同的. 此机理能够有效地反映上述燃料的主要催化着火以及催化燃烧特征, 并可以对着火与燃烧整个过程进行动力学分析, 用其来描述C1-C4碳氢燃料的催化着火与燃烧具有一定的合理性.     

小富勒烯研究进展

对近年来C20,C24,C28,C32,C36,C40,C44和C50等小富勒烯及其内嵌、加成和取代衍生物的实验和理论研究进展进行了回顾,并对目前理论研究的热点C2n(n=26~29)进行了讨论.     

基于γ-环糊精和聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺色谱固定相的制备及应用

以多孔硅胶为载体,通过聚合反应将N-异丙基丙烯酰胺和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油醚接枝于硅胶表面,并在聚合物链中植入γ-环糊精.用1H核磁共振、元素分析、红外光谱对其结构进行表征,并将此材料用作液相色谱固定相,通过考察在高亲水有机流动相中极性亲水化合物的保留,发现此固定相具有亲水色谱(HILIC)的特征,可以用于核苷类亲水化合物的分离.此外,还可以用于富勒烯碳60(C60)和碳70(C70)的分离,相比于C60,此固定相对C70有更强的保留,表明此固定相表面γ-环糊精对C70具有立体选择性.并且,此固定相具有一定的温敏特性,仅通过改变柱温就可以达到分离的目的.     

Dissociative electron attachment to glycyl-glycine, glycyl-alanine and alanyl-alanine

The processes of negative ions formation of dipeptides glycyl-glycine, glycyl-alanine and alanyl-alanine in the conditions of resonant electron capture have been studied with a help of negative ions mass spectrometry. Using a thermochemical approach, the main channels of fragment negative ions formation were found and the structure of the ions were established. The isobaric ions have been identified by the experiments with high mass resolution. The cross sections of fragment ions formation were measured. The metastable fragmentation of [M-H](-) and [M-COOH](-) ions in the energy range 4.5-7.5 eV have been found.     

Interaction between anionic polyelectrolytes and anion exchange membranes and change in membrane properties

Electrodialytic transport properties of anion exchange membranes were measured after formation of anionic polyelectrolyte layers on the membrane surfaces: relative transport number of various anions to chloride ions, current efficiency and apparent diffusion coefficients of neutral molecules. The anionic polyelectrolyte layers were formed by immersing the membrane into an aqueous solution of polycondensation product of sodium naphthalene sulfonate and formaldehyde or polystyrene sulfonic acid.

The change in the relative transport number between anions was remarkable in the anion exchange membrane with high ion exchange capacity by forming the layer. Results were: the relative transport number of sulfate ions to chloride ions decreased and those of nitrate ions to chloride ions, fluoride ions to chloride ions and bromide ions to chloride ions increased compared with the corresponding membrane. Although the apparent diffusion coefficient of neutral molecules suggested clogging of the membrane pores by the polyelectrolyte, anions with higher hydrated ionic diameter were able to permeate through the membrane easily. This means that difference of electrostatic repulsion force against two anions is effective on the change in the relative transport number of anions.     

Ionization and collision-induced fragmentation of N-linked and related carbohydrates using divalent cations

Maltoheptaose and several N-linked glycans were ionized by electrospray as adducts with the divalent cations Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Co2+ and Cu2+. [M + metal]2+ ions were the major species in all cases with calcium giving the highest sensitivity. In addition, copper gave [M + Cu]+ ions. Other cations gave singly charged ions only by elimination of a protonated monosaccharide. Fragmentation of the [M + metal]2+ ions produced both singly and doubly charged ions with the relative abundance of doubly charged ions decreasing in the order Ca > Mg > Mn > Co > Cu. Singly charged ions were formed by elimination of a protonated monosaccharide residue followed, either by successive monosaccharide residue losses, or by a 2,4A cross-ring cleavage of the reducing-terminal monosaccharide. Formation of doubly charged fragments from [M + metal]2+ ions involved successive monosaccharide-residue losses either with or without O,2A or 2,4A cross-ring cleavages of the reducing-terminal monosaccharide. Abundant diagnostic doubly charged ions formed by loss of the 3-antenna from the O,2A cross-ring product were specific to [M + Ca]2+ ions. Fragmentation of [M + Cu]+ ions was similar to that of the corresponding [M + H]+ ions in that most cross-ring fragments were absent.     

High-energy collision-induced dissociation of ceramide ions from permethylated glycosphingolipids

Ceramide fragments from permethylated glycosphingolipids (GSLs) were studied by highenergy collision-induced dissociation (CID). In comparison with ceramlde fragments of underivatized GSLs, many more product ions including charge-remote fragment ions were observed. These ions provided detailed structural information on the ceramides. The relative intensity and the mass interval between the L and M ions were used to assign the position of the double bond. The position of the hydroxyl group was assigned with the Ln and K ions. Because the ceramide fragments and not the pseudomolecular ions were selected as the precursor ions, the size of GSLs had little effect on the quality of the product ion spectra. The sensitivity of this approach was in the range of picomoles.     

Collision-induced fragmentation of negative ions from N-linked glycans derivatized with 2-aminobenzoic acid

N-Linked glycans from bovine ribonuclease B, chicken ovalbumin, bovine fetuin, porcine thyroglobulin and human alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein were derivatized with 2-aminobenzoic acid by reductive amination and their tandem mass spectra were recorded by negative ion electrospray ionization with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Derivatives were also prepared from 2-amino-5-methyl- and 2-amino-4,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid in order to confirm the identity of fragment ions containing the reducing terminus. Major fragments from the [M - H](-) ions from the neutral glycans retained the derivative (Y-type cleavages) and provided information on sequence and branching. Other major fragments were products of A-type cross-ring cleavages giving information on antenna structure. Singly doubly and triply charged ions were formed from sialylated glycans. They produced major fragments by loss of sialic acid and a series of singly charged ions that were similar to those from the neutral analogues. Doubly charge ions were also produced by the neutral glycans and were fragmented to form product ions with one and two charges. Again, the fragment ions with a single charge were similar to those from the singly charged parents, but branching information was less obvious because of the occurrence of more abundant ions produced by multiple cleavages. Detection limits were around 200 fmol (3 : 1 signal-to-noise ratio).     

Study of the dissociation of a charge-reduced phosphopeptide formed by electron transfer from an alkali metal target

Doubly protonated phosphopeptide (YGGMHRQET(p)VDC) ions obtained by electrospray ionization were collided with Xe and Cs targets to give singly and doubly charged positive ions via collision-induced dissociation (CID). The resulting ions were analyzed and detected by using an electrostatic analyzer (ESA). Whereas doubly charged fragment ions resulting from collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) were dominant in the CID spectrum with the Xe target, singly charged fragment ions resulting from electron transfer dissociation (ETD) were dominant in the CID spectrum with the Cs target. The most intense peak resulting from ETD was estimated to be associated with the charge-reduced ion with H2 lost from the precursor. Five c-type fragment ions with amino acid residues detached consecutively from the C-terminal were clearly observed without a loss of the phosphate group. These ions must be formed by N--Calpha bond cleavage, in a manner similar to the cases of electron capture dissociation (ECD) and ETD from negative ions. Although the accuracy in m/z of the CID spectra was about +/-1 Th because of the mass analysis using the ESA, it is supposed from the m/z values of the c-type ions that these ions were accompanied by the loss of a hydrogen atom. Four z-type (or y--NH3, or y--H2O) ions analogously detached consecutively from the N-terminal were also observed. The fragmentation processes took place within the time scale of 4.5 micros in the high-energy collision. The present results demonstrated that high-energy ETD with the alkali metal target allowed determination of the position of phosphorylation and the amino acid sequence of post-translational peptides.     

CnSH±与CnS±2的碰撞诱导解离研究

On a home-made crossed ion-molecular beam tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer, carbon cluster ions with two hetero-atoms, CnSH± and CnS2±, were produced from laser ablation, mass-selected, and collided with pulsed nitrogen beam. From mass analysis of the fragment ions, structures of the cluster ions were characterized as linear, with two hetero-atoms locating on both ends of the carbon chain. The experimental results also revealed the main dissociation channel of the cluster ions. According to the results, for most cluster ions studied in the experiment, the weakest bond is the C-C bond next to the sulfur atom, but in some smaller cluster ions, S-C bond is easier to break. Under the experimental condition, cluster ions may suffer multiple collisions, so fragment ions produced from stepwise dissociation process were observed.     

气相中卤代苯离子-分子反应产物的串联质谱研究

应用碰撞诱导解离技术研究了氯代苯、溴代苯和碘代苯离子-分子反应产物的碎裂反应特性,与联苯的分子离子和质子化溴代联苯的碰撞诱导解离谱比较获得了产物离子的结构信息.     

Mass spectrometric study of some protonated and lithiated 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles

The mass spectrometric behavior of lithiated derivatives of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles has confirmed the skeletal rearrangement presented earlier for protonated derivatives. In the case of [M + H](+) ions the loss of isocyanic acid was observed and for [M + Li](+) ions the loss of lithium isocyanate occurred. On the other hand, benzoyl ions [RCO](+) were formed from [M + H](+) ions, but not from [M + Li](+) ions. Formation of benzoyl ions was in agreement with the differences between bond orders calculated for [M + H](+) ions and neutral molecules. From [M + Li](+) ions the [RCNLi](+) fragment ions were formed, but the formation of [RCNH](+) fragment ions from [M + H](+) ions was not observed. This result can be explained on the basis of theoretically calculated stabilities of these fragment ions, since the calculated heats of formation of [RCNLi](+) ions were found to be substantially lower than those of the respective [RCNH](+) ions.     

Comparison of infrared multiphoton dissociation and collision-induced dissociation of supercharged peptides in ion traps

The number and types of diagnostic ions obtained by infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) were evaluated for supercharged peptide ions created by electrospray ionization of solutions spiked with m-nitrobenzyl alcohol. IRMPD of supercharged peptide ions increased the sequence coverage compared with that obtained by CID for all charge states investigated. The number of diagnostic ions increased with the charge state for IRMPD; however, this trend was not consistent for CID because the supercharged ions did not always yield the greatest number of diagnostic ions. Significantly different fragmentation pathways were observed for the different charge states upon CID or IRMPD with the latter yielding far more immonium ions and often fewer uninformative ammonia, water, and phosphoric acid neutral losses. Pulsed-Q dissociation resulted in an increase in the number of internal product ions, a decrease in sequence-informative ions, and reduced overall ion abundances. The enhanced sequence coverage afforded by IRMPD of supercharged ions was demonstrated for a variety of model peptides, as well as for a tryptic digest of cytochrome c.