酸溶碱融-标准加入-ICP-OES法测定铍铀伴生矿石中的铍

酸溶碱融溶解铍铀伴生矿石中的铍,加入的焦硫酸钾对ICP-OES法测定存在基体干扰。本研究主要阐述消除基体干扰的一些措施。从实验数据可知,控制称样量、焦硫酸钾加入量、定容体积和加标稀释倍数,能够有效消除焦硫酸钾对ICP-OES法测定结果的基体干扰,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3%-5%。     

石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定固体废物中铍和钼

建立了石墨炉原子吸收法测定固体废物中铍和钼的方法。采用盐酸–硝酸–氢氟酸–高氯酸消解样品,钯盐作基体改进剂,消除了基体干扰。铍、钼的质量浓度分别在0~4.0,0~50.0μg/L范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性,线性相关系数均为0.999 6,检出限分别为0.03,0.2μg/g。实际样品加标回收率为82.5%~117.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为6.6%~10.4%(n=6)。该方法选择性强、灵敏度高,测定结果准确,满足固体废物全量分析要求。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定氟铍酸铵中的杂质元素

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定氟铍酸铵中的8种主要杂质元素。以超声辅助溶解样品,然后用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定氟铍酸铵中的钠、镁、铝、铬、铁、镍、铜、磷等8种杂质元素,8种元素线性相关系数均大于0.999,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.65%~1.55%(n=6),检出限在0.2~19.1μg/L之间,定量范围满足氟铍酸铵中8种杂质元素的限量要求。磷的加标回收率为76.7%,其余7种杂质元素的加标回收率在80.9%~95.1%之间,测量准确度满足分析要求。将电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行了比较,两种方法测定结果基本一致。     

ICP–AES法测定锑铍芯块中铅、铁、锰和镁

建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP–AES)测定锑铍芯块中铅、铁、锰和镁杂质元素的方法。对溶液酸度的选择、光谱和基体干扰等进行了试验和讨论,在优化仪器工作参数的条件下,通过基体匹配,有效消除了基体干扰的影响。铅、铁、锰、镁的质量浓度在0.05~10.0μg/mL范围内与其光谱强度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数大于0.999。铅、铁、锰、镁的检出限在0.5~5.3μg/L之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.9%~2.9%(n=7),加标回收率为92%~106%。电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法与原子吸收光谱法对照,测定结果相符合。该方法准确可靠,可用于锑铍芯块中铅、铁、锰和镁杂质元素的测定。     

横向加热石墨炉原子吸收法测定蘑菇、茶叶中的铬和铍

采用横向加热石墨炉原子吸收法测定蘑菇、茶叶中的铬和铍。以MgNO3 作为基体改进剂 ,提高了测定铍的灰化温度和灵敏度 ,很好消除了基体干扰。方法简便、快速、准确度高。铬和铍的线性范围分别为0～ 80、0～ 8μg/L ;特征量分别为 5 .3× 10 -12 g和 1.9× 10 -12 g ;相对标准偏差分别为 3.0 %～ 17.3%和 4 .3%～ 11.6 % ;回收率分别为 98%～ 10 3%和 98%～ 10 6 % ;检出限分别为 6 6和 4 .8ng/ g。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定含稀土磷矿中钛

为了准确测定含稀土磷矿石中钛的含量,采用两种溶样方法对磷矿进行处理,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法对磷矿中钛进行测定。实验表明,不进行基体匹配的标准曲线法不适合磷矿中钛的分析,采用基体匹配的标准曲线法时又难以制得与其各组分含量相似的校准溶液。用能有效消除样品本身基体干扰的标准加入法进行测定,分析结果的相对标准偏差小于2.0%,碱熔法的加标回收率为98.48%,酸溶法的加标回收率为104.4%,检测结果可靠,适合于磷矿中钛的分析。     

惰性熔融-红外吸收/热导法测定高铍铍铝合金中氧氮

建立红外吸收/热导法同时测定高铍铍铝合金中氧氮的含量。称取0.03～0.04 g试样,以带盖镍囊(Φ7mm×6 mm)包裹,使用0.1 g纯铜助熔剂及0.05 g纯锡助熔剂为混合浴料,在4 500 W的分析功率下,高纯氦气氛中熔融释放气体,通过红外吸收池测定氧含量,热导池测定氮含量。对氧质量分数为0.217%～0.546%及氮质量分数为0.005 8%～0.012 0%的试样进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为1.07%～3.00%(n=8)与4.55%～4.94%(n=8),氧的加标回收率为97.1%～103.8%,氮的加标回收率为95.9%～104.4%。该方法操作简单快捷,测定结果准确。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定非贵金属齿科材料中痕量铍和镉

提出了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定非贵金属齿科材料镍铬合金、钴铬合金及钛合金中痕量镉和铍。用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸混合酸溶解试样,使用基体匹配法消除基体的干扰。镉和铍的质量浓度在1.0 mg·L-1以内均与其发射强度呈线性关系,检出限(3s)在0.000 6~0.014mg·L-1之间。方法用于非贵金属齿科材料样品的分析,加标回收率在97.0%~106%之间。     

水中铀的电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定

建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定水中铀的方法。优化了仪器工作条件,通过基体匹配消除了无机酸基体干扰。方法检出限为0.15 mg/L,对5.000 0 mg/L铀标准溶液测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.98%(n=10),加标回收率为95%~106%,方法准确可靠。     

极谱法测定矿石及冶金渣中铍含量

矿石及冶金渣试样与过氧化钠在700℃熔融,用温水浸取,以一定量盐酸酸化后定容。分取部分试样溶液使其中铍(Ⅱ)与铍试剂Ⅲ在EDTA、氯化铵和氨水底液中,生成稳定的配合物,该配合物于-0.80V(vs.SCE)处产生一灵敏的吸附波,其峰电流的二阶导数与铍(Ⅱ)的质量浓度在0.004~0.20mg·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.3μg·L-1。方法用于了7个矿石及冶金渣样品的分析,所得测定值与认定值一致。方法的加标回收率在96.0%~105%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.3%~9.7%之间。     

Development of a Rapid,Economical and Safe Method,for the Dissolution of Particulate Beryllium,for Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

Abstract

Current methods, for the dissolution of particulate beryllium, on static, surface smear or personal air sampler (PAS) filter papers, have, as drawbacks, high acid emissions, the risk of acid burns to staff, the possibility of perchloric acid induced explosions and a high labour requirement, because they rely on digestion of samples by concentrated strong acids.

An alternative method is presented, which overcomes these difficulties. The sample is boiled with a mixture of 2% nitric acid and 0.1% potassium bisulphate. The resulting solution may be determined for beryllium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry directly.

The method has been validated by analysing samples doped with up to 15 μg of particulate beryllium in the particle size range 1–150μm.     

石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定空气中的铍

对300余个样品进行监测,选择灵敏度高的石墨管和最佳基体,提高灰化、原子化的温度,确立了石墨炉原子吸收法测定空气中铍含量的实验条件。样品采用干灰化消解法,最佳溶剂为质量分数l％的硝酸溶液,利用仪器内置的样品浓度计算程序,绘制工作曲线直接获得样品中铍的含量。方法检出限为0．021μg／L,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2％（n=6）,线性范围为0～6．5μg／L,加标回收率为91．6％～107％。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定渗透水中的铍

本文用塞曼效应石墨炉原子吸收法测定铍，以抗坏血酸作基体改进剂，使测定铍的灵敏度提高，并且提高了灰化温度和降低原子化温度，增强抗干扰能力。利用抗坏血酸的增感作用直接测定了渗透水和水系沉积物中的痕量铍。     

X-射线荧光光谱测定氧化铍中杂质元素

拟定了ＢｅＯ中１２种痕量杂质元素的Ｘ－射线荧光光谱测定方法,采用光谱纯试剂人工合成校准标样,粉末压块法制备分析样片。考虑到ＢｅＯ对Ｘ射线的透明性,在样片与样品盒支架之间垫置钼片消除试样盒发射线的干扰并产生附加激发以提高灵敏度。本文分析结果与等离子民发射和原子吸收光谱对照相吻合。     

Recent Contributions to the Coordination Chemistry of Beryllium

Given the alleged extreme toxicity of beryllium and its compounds, it is the least investigated nonradioactive element. However, beryllium exhibits unique properties among the elements and therefore the related coordination chemistry is unprecedented. With the emergence of s-block catalysis and the introduction of low-valent magnesium complexes as versatile reducing agents, the interest in related beryllium compounds also has increased. Therefore, some quite remarkable progress on the coordination and organometallic chemistry of beryllium has been made in the last two decades. This Minireview article gives an oversight over the relatively recent developments in this field of beryllium research. An emphasis is placed on the correlation between the structure and reactivity of the described compounds.     

Off the Beaten Track—A Hitchhiker's Guide to Beryllium Chemistry

This Minireview aims to give an introduction to beryllium chemistry for all less‐experienced scientists in this field of research. Up to date information on the toxicity of beryllium and its compounds are reviewed and several basic and necessary guidelines for a safe and proper handling in modern chemical research laboratories are presented. Interesting phenomenological observations are described that are related directly to the uniqueness of this element, which are also put into historical context. Herein we combine the contributions and experiences of many scientist that work passionately in this field. We want to encourage fellow scientists to reconcile the long‐standing reservations about beryllium and its compounds and motivate intense research on this spurned element. Who on earth should be able to deal with beryllium and its compounds if not chemists?     

Large Stabilization Effects by Intramolecular Beryllium Bonds in Ortho-Benzene Derivatives

Intramolecular interactions are shown to be key for favoring a given structure in systems with a variety of conformers. In ortho-substituted benzene derivatives including a beryllium moiety, beryllium bonds provide very large stabilizations with respect to non-bound conformers and enthalpy differences above one hundred kJ·mol⁻¹ are found in the most favorable cases, especially if the newly formed rings are five or six-membered heterocycles. These values are in general significantly larger than hydrogen bonds in 1,2-dihidroxybenzene. Conformers stabilized by a beryllium bond exhibit the typical features of this non-covalent interaction, such as the presence of a bond critical point according to the topology of the electron density, positive Laplacian values, significant geometrical distortions and strong interaction energies between the donor and acceptor quantified by using the Natural Bond Orbital approach. An isodesmic reaction scheme is used as a tool to measure the strength of the beryllium bond in these systems in terms of isodesmic energies (analogous to binding energies), interaction energies and deformation energies. This approach shows that a huge amount of energy is spent on deforming the donor–acceptor pairs to form the new rings.     

Beryllium Complexes with Bio‐Relevant Functional Groups: Coordination Geometries and Binding Affinities

The coordination mode around beryllium in proteins and the binding affinity towards the peptide are unknown because there have been no coordination compounds of beryllium with ligands bearing bio‐relevant functional groups. We report the first comprehensive study on Be complexes with monodentate carboxylic acids, esters, aldehydes, and alcohols. Through solution and solid‐state techniques we determined that the binding affinities of Be²⁺ ions towards the functional groups are: carboxylate > alcohol > aldehyde > ester. Crystal structures of all the compounds have been determined including the unprecedented dodeca‐nuclear macrocyclic ring structure of non‐basic beryllium benzoate, which is the first example of those beryllium carboxylates. These findings enable the evaluation of potential beryllium binding sites inside proteins and is required to understand the mechanism of metal‐triggered immune responses.