耐高温耐烧灼热固性硼酚醛树脂的合成

用硼酸改性酚醛树脂得耐高温耐烧灼热固性硼酚醛树脂,其结构经IR,DSC,TGA等表征。反应条件：苯酚500mmol,n(苯酚)：n(甲醛)：n(硼酸)=1：1．5：0．4,氨水(pH=8—9)作催化剂,缩合反应温度60℃-70℃,硼酯化反应温度105℃-120℃,同时在控制反应时间下脱水两次。所得产物在700．8℃下仍有75．3％的固体残余物。     

带环氧基团纳米二氧化硅改性酚醛树脂的合成及热性能

以苯酚、甲醛、带环氧基团纳米二氧化硅(RNS-E)为原料,采用原位聚合法合成了RNS-E改性酚醛树脂.利用红外光谱(FT-IR)对其结构进行了分析,并利用热重分析(TGA)对其热性能进行了研究.结果表明,改性后的酚醛树脂热稳定性得到提高,当RNS-E的加入量为4%时(质量分数),失重10%时的热分解温度(t10%)较酚醛树脂的提高了15℃,1 000℃下残炭率较酚醛树脂提高了7%.     

硼改性酚醛树脂的制备及其耐热性能研究

酚醛树脂因其材料成本低、工艺简单、原料易得等优点，在工业上得到了广泛应用。但由于其耐热性不足以及游离酚含量较高等因素，限制了其应用范围。本文利用硼酸对酚醛树脂进行改性，利用红外和质谱对其结构进行表征，改性后酚醛树脂的耐热性能、游离酚等指标得到明显改善。当失重20%时酚醛树脂改性前后耐热性能提高了56℃,可能是由于硼酚醛树脂中含有硼的三维交联网状结构，提高了树脂的交联密度；游离酚含量从改性前的4.12%降低到了2.21%,说明硼元素的引入改变了苯酚的活性，提高了树脂聚合度。     

有机硅改性硼酚醛树脂的研制

通过Williamson醚合成、Claisen重排及硅氢化反应得到邻羟基苯丙基硅油(Si-phenol),将其与苯酚混合,采用硼酸酯法合成有机硅改性硼酚醛树脂(SBPF).利用1H NMR和FTIR技术对其结构进行分析,采用热重分析(TGA)、剪切测试、拉伸测试以及冲击测试等手段对其耐热能和力学性能进行表征.考察了Si-phenol的含量对树脂各项性能的影响,并研究其作用机理.结果表明,合成的有机硅改性硼酚醛树脂具有良好的耐热性,适量硅氧烷链段的引入可以改善树脂的黏接性能,提高其力学强度.     

新型硼氮磷一体化阻燃剂的合成

分别以硼酸、二乙醇胺、三氯氧磷和季戊四醇为原料,经酯化反应制得中间体二乙醇胺硼酸酯（DEAB, 1）和双季戊四醇二氯磷酸酯（SPDPC, 2）; 1与2经缩聚反应合成新型集磷、氮、硼于一体的阻燃剂聚季戊四醇双磷酸酯二磷酰氯螺环二乙醇胺硼酸酯（PPSPSDB, 3）,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和FT-IR表征。考察了溶剂、物料比γ［n(2)：n(1)］、反应温度和反应时间对3产率的影响,结果表明：在最佳反应条件（DMF为溶剂,γ=1 ：1.2, 于120 ℃反应2 h后,于190 ℃反应2 h）下,产率93.26%。热重分析表明：3的初始分解温度为240.5 ℃, 800 ℃时残炭率为44.45%。     

硼酚醛树脂的合成与固化机理的研究

本文研究了硼酚醛树脂的合成与固化反应过程的机理, 结果表明, 甲阶段的硼酚醛树脂主要是硼酸苄酯, 固化过程中形成硼酸苯酯, 反应过程中有醚键生成, 醚键断裂产生羰基。     

端硅烷基液体氟弹性体的合成与固化及性能

用两步法合成了端硅烷基液体氟弹性体:(1)以端羧基液体氟弹性体和五氟苯酚为原料,通过Steglich反应制备了端五氟苯酚酯液体氟弹性体;(2)端五氟苯酚酯液体氟弹性体与γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷发生取代反应,制备端硅烷基液体氟弹性体.用FTIR,1H-NMR,19F-NMR和GPC对端羧基液体氟弹性体、端五氟苯酚酯液体氟弹性体和端硅烷基液体氟弹性体的化学结构进行了表征.端硅烷基液体氟弹性体可在室温下进行湿度固化,固化膜的T g随着固化前硅烷封端液体氟弹性体相对分子质量的增加而降低.固化膜具有很好的耐酸,航空煤油,非极性溶剂等化学药品性,且高分子量的固化膜的耐航空煤油,环己烷,盐酸性能优于低分子量的固化膜.固化膜具有较好的疏水疏油性,与水的接触角为91°~114°,与丙三醇的接触角为89°~111°.固化膜具有较好的耐热性能,5%热失重温度T5在215~280℃,800℃的残炭率为23.44%~38.69%.     

聚苯基硅氧烷与聚甲基苯基硅氧烷改性环氧树脂的合成与性能比较

热熔法制备了一系列聚苯基甲氧基硅氧烷(PPMS)、聚甲基苯基甲氧基硅氧烷(PMPS)改性环氧树脂,通过环氧值、红外光谱(IR)分析表明聚硅氧烷接枝了E-20环氧树脂且环氧基保持不变.探讨了有机硅含量对改性树脂固化体系耐热性能及韧性的影响.实验表明,当E-20环氧树脂与PPMS、PMPS的质量比为7∶3时,改性树脂固化体系的耐热性能明显提高,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为95.8、88.3℃,分别比改性前提高了9.0℃和1.5℃;质量损失50%时的热分解温度(Td)为476.5、487.8℃,分别比改性前提高了58.3℃和69.5℃.与ED-30固化体系相比,EPMS-30固化物的耐热性能,韧性等力学性能提高的更加明显,并且还具有优良的涂膜性能.     

芴基苯并噁嗪单体的合成、固化动力学及热性能

以芴、苯酚、对甲氧基苯酚和多聚甲醛为原料,采用溶液法合成了直接在芴的苯环结构上进行修饰的2个新型芴基苯并噁嗪单体3-芴基-3,4-二氢-1,3-苯并噁嗪(FBZ-1)和3-芴基-6-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1,3-苯并噁嗪(FBZ-2)。利用FT-IR,~1H NMR和~(13)C NMR对其结构进行了表征。采用示差扫描量热法(DSC)研究了2个单体的固化动力学,计算了固化反应活化能,确定了最佳固化温度。通过DSC和热重(TGA)分析了单体及其聚合物的热性能。结果表明,FBZ-1和FBZ-2呈现出典型的热开环固化特征,放热峰顶温度(5℃·min~(-1)的升温速率)分别为231.2℃,228.7℃,其聚合物初始热分解温度(热失重5%时)达290℃、299℃;850℃时的残炭率(Yc)达到40.9%和36.9%,极限氧指数(LOI)分别是33.86、32.26。     

碳硼烷双酚二缩水甘油醚的合成与表征及耐高温性能研究

以o-(3)和m-碳硼烷双酚(4)为原料,经两步法合成了o-(1)和m-碳硼烷双酚二缩水甘油醚(2),FTIR、1H-NMR、GPC和环氧值测试都表明得到了预期结构的碳硼烷环氧树脂.固化反应动力学研究结果显示,1/DDS和2/DDS体系的反应活化能(Ea)分别为79.0和67.1 k J·mol-1,比E-51/DDS略高,说明碳硼烷结构的存在降低了环氧树脂的反应活性.以Ea结果为依据,确定了1(2)/DDS体系的固化工艺为180℃/2h+200℃/2h.热分析结果表明,以DDS为固化剂时,1和2的Tg分别为175.8和167.6℃,高于TDE-85的154.1℃.TGA结果表明,2/DDS固化物在空气气氛下700℃的残炭率高达78.7%,说明碳硼烷结构的存在极大提高了环氧树脂高温稳定性.碳硼烷环氧树脂空气气氛中的高温残炭率比氮气中高,原因是碳硼烷结构中的B-H键与空气中的氧气反应生成B—O—B结构,因而提高了残炭率,并在一定程度上延缓了体系的失重.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel phenolic resins containing aryl‐boron backbone and their utilization in polymeric composites with improved thermal and mechanical properties

In the present study, a novel aryl‐boron‐containing phenolic resin named as PBPR has been synthesized from phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of phenylboronic acid. The chemical structure of the PBPR was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The molecular weight, viscosity and curing behavior were examined to demonstrate that PBPRs have better processability than common boric acid‐modified phenolic resin. The thermal stability and fracture toughness of the cured PBPRs were greatly enhanced, where the char yield at 1000°C (nitrogen atmosphere) and the glass transition temperature reached 70.0% and 218°C, respectively. The excellent mechanical and ablative properties of the PBPR composites may have benefited from the good interfacial adhesion between the resin matrix and the reinforced fiber. The flexural strength and the linear ablative rate are 436.8 ± 5.2 MPa and 0.010 mm/sec, respectively. This study opens a new window for the preparation of high‐performance ablative composites by designing a resin matrix containing an aryl‐boron backbone. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

有序介孔Ru-MgZr复合氧化物合成及催化亚油酸异构化性能

筛选高效、高选择性多相催化剂异构化亚油酸是共轭亚油酸(CLA)研究的重点。 本文采用溶剂挥发自组装改进的溶胶-凝胶法,合成有序介孔Ru掺杂的MgO-ZrO₂固体碱催化剂。 考察了催化剂中不同Mg物质的量对催化剂孔径、比表面积和表面碱性以及Ru等的结构和性能对催化性能的影响。 对比了催化剂的形貌、表面碱性及Ru组分对催化性能的影响程度。 结果表明,n(Zr)∶n(Mg)=3∶1时,Ru掺杂的MgO-ZrO₂固体碱催化剂具有高度有序的介孔结构和高的比表面积。 而n(Zr)∶n(Mg)=1∶1时, MgO-ZrO₂固体碱催化剂合成CLA产率较高,反应时间4 h,产率达到85%,催化效率为0.099 g(CLA)·L^-1(solvent)·min^-1,并且催化产物主要为具有生物活性的3种共轭亚油酸异构体。 催化剂的强碱性位点和晶格Ru是催化异构化反应的两个活性位点,强碱性位点是提高催化性能的关键。 固体碱复合氧化物催化效率高、制备方法简单、反应产物生物活性高等优点,具有较好的应用前景。     

Synthesis and characterization of carborane bisphenol resol phenolic resins with ultrahigh char yield

Two carborane-containing resol phenolic resins(P1 and P2) with high boron content were synthesized via the reaction of carborane bisphenols(1 and 2) with formaldehyde in the presence of alkaline. HRMS results indicate that P1 is mainly composed of hydroxymethylated o-carborane bisphenols, the Mw of which was restrained around 500 due to the strong steric hindrance of o-carborane bisphenol. In contrast, the molecular weight of P2 was well regulated under various reaction conditions. The obtained resins were characterized with spectroscopic techniques including FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and 11B-NMR, which gave satisfactory results. TGA studies show that P2 shows char yield of 88.9% and 92.9% at 900 ?C under nitrogen and air respectively. The imported carborane cage endows phenolic resin with ultrahigh char yield. Particularly, the char yield of the obtained carborane-containing phenolic resin under air is higher than that under nitrogen. FTIR and XRD confirm that the carborane cage could react with oxygen to form B2O3 at elevated temperatures, which postpones the thermal decomposition of phenolic resin and accounts for the high char yield.     

对二氯苄-聚乙烯咪唑型聚合离子液体的制备及对煤焦油中苯酚的吸附性能

以1-乙烯咪唑和1,4-对二氯苄为原料, 通过自由基聚合和季铵化交联反应, 制得了一种新型聚合离子液体吸附剂——聚乙烯基苄基咪唑氯(P[VBnim]Cl), 并用元素分析、 凝胶渗透色谱、 红外光谱、 扫描电子显微镜、 物理吸附分析仪及热重分析等方法对其组成、 结构、 颗粒形貌、 比表面积、 孔结构及热稳定性进行了表征. 结果表明, P[VBnim]Cl 结构中对二氯苄与乙烯咪唑的摩尔比约为1∶3; 产物为米黄色蓬松粉末, 易吸水, 其初始颗粒直径为50~80 nm, 比表面积为13.86 m²/g, 平均孔径9.94 nm, 属于介孔结构材料, 初始热分解温度为274 ℃, 具有较好的热稳定性. 同时, P[VBnim]Cl对中低温煤焦油模型油中的苯酚具有优异的吸附性能, 其吸附能力是活性炭的2~10倍, 该吸附剂用乙酸乙酯再生后, 吸附效果仍然较好, 可以循环使用.     

功能特异性杂多酸离子液体催化丁二酸水溶液直接酯化

将以磺化六亚甲基四胺([HMT-4PS])制备的阳离子与以杂多酸([HPA])制备的阴离子结合, 制备了一系列功能特异性离子液体催化剂([HMT-4PS][HPA]); 将其用于催化甲醇(MeOH)与丁二酸(SA)水溶液的直接酯化反应. 结果表明, 该系列离子液体在反应过程中以“乳状液”的形式均匀分散在体系中. 反应结束后, 通过降低体系极性即可实现催化剂的快速分离. 在合成的系列催化剂中, [HMT-4PS]₃[PW]₄表现出最佳的催化活性. 分别探讨了反应温度、 催化剂用量、 酸醇摩尔比和反应时间等因素对反应的影响, 确定了最优反应条件: 温度80 ℃, 催化剂用量5%(质量分数, 按丁二酸水溶液计), n(SA)∶n(MeOH)=1∶30, 反应时间8 h. 最优条件下丁二酸的转化率达到79.3%, 二酯选择性达到92.9%; 该催化剂重复使用5次后, 丁二酸转化率及二酯选择性仍分别保持在77%及90%以上.     

Effects of modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the curing behavior and thermal stability of boron phenolic resin

One kind of boron phenolic resin (BPR) was prepared from the solvent-less reaction of resoles with boric acid. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the reaction degree of boric acid was 83.8%. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were modified by nitric acid, 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl methane and boric acid. The effect of modification was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques and XPS. The cure kinetics and thermal behavior of BPR and modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (m-MWCNTs)/BPR were studied. It was found that the curing apparent activation energy (E_a) decreased with the increasing amount of m-MWCNTs. But there was no obvious change in the orders of curing reactions. The results of TGA showed that 1.0 wt% of the m-MWCNTs could increase the thermal decomposition temperature (T_d) and the char yield of m-MWCNTs/BPR nanocomposites by 36.7 °C and 6.2%. These critical enhancements will definitely help to attract more researches on this area.     

Preparation and characterization of phenolic foams with eco-friendly halogen-free flame retardant

The high solid resol phenolic resin was prepared via step polymerization of formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, and phenol using sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide as catalysts, and employed to prepare the phenolic foams (PFs) by the introduction of retardant additives including eco-friendly halogen-free flame retardants (ammonium polyphosphate), char-forming agents (pentaerythritol), and synergists (zinc oxide, molybdenum trioxide, cuprous chloride, and stannous chloride). The effects of these additives on flame retardancy, heat resistance, and fire properties of flame-retardant composite phenolic foams (FRCPFs) were evaluated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests, thermogravimetric analyzer, and cone calorimeter tests. It was found that the flame retardan significantly increased the LOIs of FRCPFs. Compared with PF, heat release rate, total heat release, effective heat of combustion, production or yield of carbon monoxide (COP or COY), and Oxygen consumption (O₂C) of FRCPFs all remarkably decreased. However specific extinction area and total smoke release significantly increased, which agreed with the gas-phase mechanism of the flame-retardant system. The results indicate that FRCPFs have excellent fire-retardant performance and less smoke release. APP/PER/ZnO is shown to be better flame-retardant system for PFs.     

Determination of boron in water and pharmaceuticals by sequential-injection analysis and fluorimetric detection

This work reports the application of a sequential-injection analysis (SIA) method for the determination of boron. The method relies on the enhancement of the fluorescence (λ_ex=313 nm, λ_em=360 nm) of chromotropic acid (4,5-dihydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid-CA) as a result of its complexation with boric acid (BA). Individual zones of the sample, the CA solution in a suitable buffer and a NaOH solution were aspirated in the holding coil of the SIA apparatus. As the zones were propelled towards the detector, zone penetration in the sample–CA interfaces occurred resulting in the formation of the strongly fluorescent BA–CA complex. The native fluorescence of the CA was quenched by the alkaline environment established as a result of the mixing at the CA–NaOH interface. The chemical and instrumental parameters affecting the fluorescence intensity were investigated and the influence of potential interferents was investigated. After selecting the most suitable conditions, the calibration plot for boron was linear in the range of 8–350 μg l⁻¹ with a 3σ limit of detection of 3 μg l⁻¹ and a relative standard deviation of 2.7% at the 90 μg l⁻¹ boron level (n=8). Finally, the method was applied to the determination of boron in natural waters and pharmaceutical products with revoveries in the range of 96–106%.